Page last updated: 2024-10-24

regulation of eating behavior

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of eating behavior. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:11961051]

The regulation of eating behavior is a complex process involving multiple brain regions, hormones, and neurotransmitters. It is influenced by both internal factors, such as hunger and satiety signals, and external factors, such as food availability and social cues.

**Internal Factors:**

* **Hunger Signals:** When the body needs energy, it sends signals to the brain to stimulate hunger. These signals include:
* **Ghrelin:** A hormone produced by the stomach that stimulates appetite and increases food intake.
* **Leptin:** A hormone produced by fat cells that signals satiety and reduces food intake.
* **Insulin:** A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels and also plays a role in hunger regulation.
* **Satiety Signals:** Once food is consumed, the body sends signals to the brain to indicate fullness and reduce further eating. These signals include:
* **Cholecystokinin (CCK):** A hormone produced in the small intestine that signals satiety and slows down gastric emptying.
* **Peptide YY (PYY):** A hormone produced in the intestines that signals satiety and reduces food intake.
* **Brain Regions:** The hypothalamus, a region in the brain, plays a critical role in regulating hunger and satiety. Specific areas within the hypothalamus, such as the arcuate nucleus and the paraventricular nucleus, are involved in sensing hunger and satiety signals.
* **Neurotransmitters:** Neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, also play a role in regulating eating behavior. Dopamine is associated with pleasure and reward, and it is involved in the motivation to eat. Serotonin is involved in satiety and mood regulation.

**External Factors:**

* **Food Availability:** The availability of food can significantly influence eating behavior. When food is readily available, people tend to eat more, while food scarcity can lead to decreased food intake.
* **Social Cues:** Social factors, such as eating with others or seeing others eat, can also influence eating behavior. These social cues can stimulate appetite and increase food intake.
* **Cultural Factors:** Cultural norms and beliefs can also shape eating behavior. Different cultures have different dietary practices, food preferences, and eating rituals.

**Regulation of Eating Behavior:**

The regulation of eating behavior is a dynamic process that involves a constant interplay between internal and external factors. The body continuously monitors its energy needs and adjusts eating behavior accordingly. When energy reserves are low, hunger signals are activated to stimulate food intake. Once sufficient energy is consumed, satiety signals are activated to reduce further eating.

**Disorders of Eating Behavior:**

Disruptions in the complex interplay of factors that regulate eating behavior can lead to eating disorders. These disorders can be characterized by abnormal eating patterns, distorted body image, and excessive preoccupation with food and weight.

**Conclusion:**

The regulation of eating behavior is a complex and multifaceted process that involves multiple physiological and psychological factors. Understanding this process is essential for maintaining a healthy weight and preventing eating disorders.'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4A sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8NFF2]Homo sapiens (human)
Melanocortin receptor 4A melanocortin receptor 4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P32245]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (20)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
amiodaroneamiodarone : A member of the class of 1-benzofurans that is 1-benzofuran substituted by a butyl group at position 2 and a 4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodobenzoyl group at position 3. It is a cardiovascular drug used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Amiodarone: An antianginal and class III antiarrhythmic drug. It increases the duration of ventricular and atrial muscle action by inhibiting POTASSIUM CHANNELS and VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. There is a resulting decrease in heart rate and in vascular resistance.
1-benzofurans;
aromatic ketone;
organoiodine compound;
tertiary amino compound
cardiovascular drug
astemizoleastemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position.

Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.
benzimidazoles;
piperidines
anti-allergic agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
H1-receptor antagonist
chlorpromazinechlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.

Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.
organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine
anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
miconazole1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.

miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.

Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.
dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
potassium chloridepotassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.

Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
inorganic chloride;
inorganic potassium salt;
potassium salt
fertilizer
sterogenolcetylpyridinium bromide : A pyridinium salt that has N-hexadecylpyridinium as the cation and bromide as the anion.

hexadecylpyridinium bromide: structure in first source
bromide salt;
pyridinium salt
antiseptic drug;
EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor;
surfactant
melanotan-iimelanotan-II: synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, an analog of alpha-melanotropin (4,10); capable of stimulating melanin synthesis & promoting rapid tanning of skin; currently in trials for use in the prevention of sunlight-induced skin cancerorganic molecular entity
tamoxifenstilbenoid;
tertiary amino compound
angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
bone density conservation agent;
EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator
pmx 53
ml 002537642-(2-(2-(5-bromo-2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)-3-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazole: structure in first source
shu 9119SHU 9119: an agouti mimetic; structure in first source
bms-470539BMS-470539: a selective small molecule agonist of the melanocortin-1 receptor inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine accumulation and leukocyte infiltration in mice; structure in first source
bremelanotidebremelanotide: a synthetic peptide analogue of alpha-MSH, is an agonist at melanocortin receptors including the MC3R and MC4R, which are expressed primarily in the central nervous system;oligopeptide
4-n-butyl-1-(4-(2-methylphenyl)-4-oxo-1-butyl)-piperidine hydrogen chloride
acetyl-histidyl-phenylalanyl-arginyl-tryptophanamide
ac-his-dphe-arg-trp-nh2
rm-493setmelanotide: an anti-obesity agent
alpha-mshpeptide hormoneanti-inflammatory agent
msh, 4-nle-7-phe-alpha-polypeptidedermatologic drug
nitd 609NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source