Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Cafe-au-Lait Spots

Light brown pigmented macules associated with NEUROFIBROMATOSIS and Albright's syndrome (see FIBROUS DYSPLASIA, POLYOSTOTIC).

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Cafe-au-Lait Spots

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's6 (12.50)12.5806
2000's18 (37.50)18.1394
2010's19 (39.58)28.8240
2020's5 (10.42)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
salicylic acid0low10
dihydroxyacetone0low10
melatonin0low10
anastrozole0low10
ifosfamide0low10
khellin0low10
letrozole0low10
metyrapone0low10
minoxidil0low10
piracetam0low10
prednisolone0low20
estrone0medium11
medroxyprogesterone acetate0low10
isoleucine0low10
arginine0low20
methylprednisolone0low10
diepoxybutane0low10
neodymium0medium11
erbium0low10
yttrium0medium21
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate0low10
methylprednisolone aceponate0low10
triazoles0low20
imatinib mesylate0low10
technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate0low10
inositol 3-phosphate0low20
ochratoxin a0low10
tacrolimus0low10
tamoxifen0medium31
cholecalciferol0medium11
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
levetiracetam0low10
aluminum0low10
beryllium0low10
phosphorus0low10
hoe 7770low10
aluminum oxide0medium11
clove0low10
endothelin-10low10
warfarin0low10
epidermal growth factor0low30
technetium tc 99m medronate0low10
guanosine triphosphate0low20
eye0low20

Protein Targets (463)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit4004
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma9009
GLI family zinc finger 3140014
AR protein160016
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A18008
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 18008
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha9009
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha170017
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6006
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a110011
activating transcription factor 63003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Histone H2A.x2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
heat shock protein beta-12002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 17007
lamin isoform A-delta108008
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
Glutamate receptor 25005
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE7007
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 47007
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]130013
G6006
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 27007
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3012012
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4012012
Bile salt export pump017017
Interferon beta100010
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 6006
Aromatase0707
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0506
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A 0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40103
Spike glycoprotein6017
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 16006
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1013013
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial6006
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
thioredoxin reductase8008
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
GLS protein2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
alpha-galactosidase2002
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2100010
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor3003
chromobox protein homolog 19009
flap endonuclease 12002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)4004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M12002
lethal factor (plasmid)3003
Cytochrome P450 3A40609
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0001
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
Chain A, Vitamin D Nuclear Receptor0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase7007
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
Vitamin D3 receptor0011
USP1 protein, partial7007
PPM1D protein4004
Microtubule-associated protein tau4004
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 12002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 16006
geminin120012
peripheral myelin protein 225005
Vitamin D-binding protein0011
Cytochrome P450 1A20405
Androgen receptor0527
Cytochrome P450 2D60404
Vitamin D3 receptor0249
Vitamin D3 receptor0113
Retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha0011
Cytochrome P450 2C190303
Kappa-type opioid receptor0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0022
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial0011
Vitamin D3 receptor0112
Transporter0101
Vitamin D3 receptor A0022
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
Luciferase2002
interleukin 83003
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
farnesoid X nuclear receptor6006
pregnane X nuclear receptor100010
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma9009
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor5005
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 15005
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 13003
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 18008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi8008
Cellular tumor antigen p53110011
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-18008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta8008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-28008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-58008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-38008
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-18008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-28008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-48008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-38008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-68008
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma3003
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-18008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-38008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-28008
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
GABA theta subunit8008
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon8008
Endothelin-1 receptor0101
endonuclease IV1001
ATAD5 protein, partial4004
GALC protein5005
TDP1 protein110011
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 36006
progesterone receptor7007
nonstructural protein 13003
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha8008
arylsulfatase A3003
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor3003
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Estrogen receptor08313
Sex hormone-binding globulin0022
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0202
Steryl-sulfatase0202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10203
Androgen receptor0909
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0404
Mu-type opioid receptor0112
Alpha-synuclein2103
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10102
Mu-type opioid receptor0011
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
Cytochrome P450 1B10303
Estrogen receptor beta06310
Ghrelin O-acyltransferase0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20202
Chain A, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
Chain B, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
Chain C, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0011
67.9K protein2002
2-dehydropantoate 2-reductase0011
Ras-related protein Rab-7a0011
4-galactosyl-N-acetylglucosaminide 3-alpha-L-fucosyltransferase 90202
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24004
EWS/FLI fusion protein5005
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
acetylcholinesterase4004
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
SMAD family member 23003
SMAD family member 33003
IDH15005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
DNA repair protein RAD52 homolog isoform a0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10112
Cytochrome P450 2C80102
Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit0112
Breakpoint cluster region protein0011
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha0112
Cytochrome P450 3A50102
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-25005
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
cytochrome P450 2D62002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 13003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 14004
Cytochrome P450 1A10303
runt-related transcription factor 1 isoform AML1b1001
core-binding factor subunit beta isoform 21001
Carbonic anhydrase 20303
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0202
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0202
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0202
pregnane X receptor1001
PINK11001
Parkin1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 23003
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 33003
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Glucocorticoid receptor06213
Progesterone receptor0517
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10606
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0314
Androgen receptor0011
Glycine receptor subunit beta0606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20606
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30606
Histamine H2 receptor0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0303
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C2 0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C10101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase4004
ClpP1001
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
caspase-32002
ras-related protein Rab-9A2002
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
Cytochrome P450 1A2 0101
Myeloperoxidase0101
Cholinesterase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C11 0101
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0202
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10101
Acetylcholinesterase 0101
Nociceptin receptor0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0303
Melatonin receptor type 1A0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0011
Melatonin receptor type 1A0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0213
Melatonin receptor type 1C0112
Melatonin receptor type 1B0112
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 20001
Palmitoleoyl-protein carboxylesterase NOTUM0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0101
Histamine H3 receptor0101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)2002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B2002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20022
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
glucocerebrosidase2002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30001
L-cysteine:1D-myo-inositol 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside ligase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Solute carrier family 22 member 190001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
Vpr1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-41001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-21001
Hsf1 protein0012
luciferase0001
Fatty acid-binding protein, liver0101
Glucocorticoid receptor0112
Glucocorticoid receptor0011
Glutamine synthetase0011
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20202
Nociceptin receptor0011
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Polyphenol oxidase 20102
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Bile salt export pump0101
Carbonic anhydrase 10202
Albumin0112
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR0101
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A0213
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B0011
Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform0202
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP50101
Splicing factor 3B subunit 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10101
Chain A, CES1 protein0101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
Fumarate hydratase1001
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
DNA polymerase III, partial1001
polyprotein1001
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Caspase-71001
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
interferon gamma precursor0001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
caspase-31001
ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N0101
streptokinase A precursor0011
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D30112
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
Lysosomal acid glucosylceramidase0011
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Integrin beta-31001
Protein kinase C gamma type0213
Protein kinase C alpha type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0213
Estrogen receptor0012
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Procathepsin L0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10213
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Protein kinase C delta type0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Protein kinase C zeta type0101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Adenosine receptor A30202
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Steroid hormone receptor ERR10101
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Protein kinase C alpha type0213
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Protein kinase C eta type0112
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Substance-P receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A10202
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Protein kinase C iota type0112
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Histamine H2 receptor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60202
Estrogen-related receptor gamma0101
Protein kinase C gamma type0101
Protein kinase C beta type0101
Phospholipase D1 0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Protein kinase C epsilon type0213
Protein kinase C theta type0112
Protein kinase C zeta type0112
Protein kinase C delta type0213
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase0101
Phospholipase D10101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0213
Serine/threonine-protein kinase D10112
Estrogen receptor beta0012
Protein kinase C eta type0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Emopamil-binding protein-like0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
7-dehydrocholesterol reductase0112
Protein kinase C theta type0101
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
Luciferin 4-monooxygenase0011
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
Ras guanyl-releasing protein 30011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Albumin0011
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 10101
Protease 0101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]