calcineurin complex
Definition
Target type: cellularcomponent
A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin. [PMID:26794871]
Calcineurin, also known as protein phosphatase 3 (PP3), is a calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that plays a crucial role in cellular signaling pathways. The calcineurin complex consists of two subunits: a catalytic subunit (CnA) and a regulatory subunit (CnB). CnA contains the active site for phosphatase activity and is responsible for dephosphorylating target proteins. CnB, on the other hand, is a calcium-binding protein that regulates the activity of CnA. The calcineurin complex is localized to the cytosol and nucleus of cells and is involved in a variety of cellular processes, including gene transcription, neuronal plasticity, and immune responses. The localization of the calcineurin complex is influenced by interactions with other proteins and by changes in cellular calcium levels. For example, in T lymphocytes, calcineurin is associated with the plasma membrane and can be recruited to the nucleus upon activation by antigen receptors. This recruitment is facilitated by the interaction of calcineurin with the scaffold protein NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells). NFAT is a transcription factor that is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm, but upon dephosphorylation by calcineurin, it translocates to the nucleus and activates the transcription of genes involved in T cell activation. The calcineurin complex is also involved in other cellular processes, such as neuronal plasticity, where it regulates the phosphorylation of proteins involved in synaptic transmission. In cardiac muscle, calcineurin plays a role in regulating the contractile force of the heart. Overall, the calcineurin complex is a versatile enzyme that plays a key role in a wide range of cellular processes. Its activity is regulated by calcium levels and by interactions with other proteins, and its localization is dynamically influenced by cellular context and signaling events.'
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Proteins (4)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 | An inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q14643] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform | A protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit alpha that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:Q08209] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Calcineurin subunit B type 1 | A calcineurin subunit B type 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P63098] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform | A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P16298] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (5)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate | Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: Intracellular messenger formed by the action of phospholipase C on phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, which is one of the phospholipids that make up the cell membrane. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate is released into the cytoplasm where it releases calcium ions from internal stores within the cell's endoplasmic reticulum. These calcium ions stimulate the activity of B kinase or calmodulin. | myo-inositol trisphosphate | mouse metabolite |
| tacrolimus | tacrolimus (anhydrous) : A macrolide lactam containing a 23-membered lactone ring, originally isolated from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro. | macrolide lactam | bacterial metabolite; immunosuppressive agent |
| tamoxifen | stilbenoid; tertiary amino compound | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; EC 1.2.3.1 (aldehyde oxidase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist; estrogen receptor modulator | |
| cyclosporine | ramihyphin A: one of the metabolites produced by Fusarium sp. S-435; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF | homodetic cyclic peptide | anti-asthmatic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antirheumatic drug; carcinogenic agent; dermatologic drug; EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; metabolite |
| bi 201335 | faldaprevir: inhibits hepatitis C virus NS3 protease |