Hafnium is a chemical element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. It is a lustrous, silvery-gray, tetravalent transition metal that resembles zirconium in its physical and chemical properties. It occurs in minute quantities in most zirconium minerals. Hafnium was discovered in 1923 by Dirk Coster and Georg von Hevesy in Copenhagen, Denmark. Hafnium is found naturally in the Earth's crust at an average concentration of about 3 ppm, but it is rarely found as a pure element. It is most often found in association with zirconium, which is a much more abundant element. Hafnium can be extracted from zirconium ores using a variety of methods, including solvent extraction and ion exchange. The most common method is solvent extraction. Hafnium is a hard, corrosion-resistant metal that is used in a variety of applications, including nuclear reactors, aerospace, and electronics. Hafnium is an important element in the nuclear industry because it has a very high neutron capture cross-section. This means that it can absorb neutrons very effectively, making it a good material for control rods in nuclear reactors. Hafnium is also used in the production of high-strength alloys, such as those used in aircraft engines and rocket nozzles. Hafnium is also used in the manufacture of electronic components, such as capacitors and transistors. Hafnium is a relatively rare element, but it is becoming increasingly important as a result of its unique properties. Its high neutron capture cross-section makes it an important element in the nuclear industry, and its high melting point and corrosion resistance make it a valuable material for a variety of other applications. Research on hafnium is ongoing in a variety of fields, including nuclear physics, materials science, and electronics.'
Hafnium: A metal element of atomic number 72 and atomic weight 178.49, symbol Hf. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 23986 |
| CHEBI ID | 33343 |
| MeSH ID | M0009743 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| hafnium |
| 7440-58-6 |
| hafnio |
| 72hf |
| hafnium atom |
| CHEBI:33343 , |
| hafnium, elemental |
| einecs 231-166-4 |
| un2545 |
| un1326 |
| hsdb 552 |
| celtium |
| hf |
| hafnium, foil, thickness 0.02 mm, 99.5% trace metals basis (purity excludes ~2% zirconium) |
| hafnium, wire, diam. 1.0 mm, >=99.9% trace metals basis (purity excludes ~2% zirconium) |
| hafnium, sponge, +20 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis (purity excludes ~2% zirconium) |
| hafnium, turnings, crystal bar, 99.7% trace metals basis |
| x71938l1do , |
| hafnium powder, wetted with not <25% water (a visible excess of water must be present) (a) mechanically produced, particle size <53 microns, (b) chemically produced, particle size <840 microns |
| hafnium powder, dry |
| ec 231-166-4 |
| unii-x71938l1do |
| hafnium powder, dry [un2545] [spontaneously combustible] |
| hafnium powder, wetted with not <25% water (a visible excess of water must be present) (a) mechanically produced, particle size <53 microns, (b) chemically produced, particle size <840 microns [un1326] [flammable solid] |
| FT-0626850 |
| AKOS015902742 |
| hafnium [mi] |
| hafnium [hsdb] |
| DTXSID8064698 , |
| VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| hafnium wire, 1.57mm (0.0618in) dia |
| hafnium wire, 2.0mm (0.08in) dia |
| hafnium rod, 6.35mm (0.25in) dia |
| hafnium wire, 1.0mm (0.04in) dia |
| hafnium powder, -325 mesh |
| hafnium wire, 0.25mm (0.01in) dia |
| hafnium foil, 1.0mm (0.04in) thick, annealed |
| hafnium foil, 0.025mm (0.001in) thick |
| hafnium foil, 0.25mm (0.01in) thick, annealed |
| hafnium foil, 0.75mm (0.03in) thick |
| hafnium pieces, 3-12mm (0.12-0.47in) |
| elemental hafnium |
| hafnium metal |
| mfcd00011032 |
| hafnium powder |
| hafnium foil |
| hafnium crystal bar chips |
| hafnium wire, 0.5mm (0.02in) dia |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 100mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 50 g, purity 97.% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 100 g, purity 97.% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 200mm, diameter 1.6mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 10 g, purity 97.% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 500mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 200mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.004mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.2m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, microfoil, disks, 10mm, thinness 0.1mum, specific density 118.7mug/cm2, permanent mylar 3.5mum support, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, lump, 10 mm max. lump size, weight 20 g, purity 97.% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 50 g, purity 95.+% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 1.0mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 50mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 25x25mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 100mm, diameter 1.6mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 1000mm, diameter 1.6mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, powder, max. particle size 45 micron, weight 20 g, purity 95.+% |
| hafnium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, powder, 45 max. part. size (micron), weight 10 g, purity 95.0+% |
| hafnium, foil, 25mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.009mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 1.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 100mm, diameter 5.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 500mm, diameter 1.6mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, rod, 200mm, diameter 2.0mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 100x100mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.25mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.0125mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 50x50mm, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.004mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.5mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.007mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.5mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 15mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.02mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 25x25mm, thickness 0.003mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.008mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.075mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 150x150mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 150x150mm, thickness 0.125mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.005mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 8mm disks, thickness 0.015mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.5m, diameter 0.25mm, as drawn, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.14mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 4mm disks, thickness 0.01mm, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 6mm disks, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, light tested, 100x100mm, thickness 0.025mm, annealed, 97% |
| hafnium, foil, 10mm disks, thickness 0.006mm, 97% |
| hafnium, wire reel, 0.1m, diameter 0.125mm, as drawn, 97% |
| Q1119 |
| hafnium standard: hf @ 10000 microg/ml in 5% hcl |
| hafnium standard: hf @ 10000 microg/ml in 4% hno3, 2% hf |
| hafnium standard: hf @ 1000 ug/ml in 2% hno3/0.5%hf |
| hafnium standard: hf @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hcl |
| dtxcid5047663 |
| hafnium - hf @ 1000 microg/ml in 5% hcl |
Hafnium(IV) oxide is a material with properties that can increase the sensitivity, durability, and reliability of biosensors made from silicon dioxide and other semiconductor materials. Hafnium is a passive metal with good biocompatibility and osteogenesis.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Hafnium(IV) oxide is a material with properties that can increase the sensitivity, durability, and reliability of biosensors made from silicon dioxide and other semiconductor materials due to its high dielectric constant, thermodynamic stability, and the simplicity with which it can be deposited. " | ( Use of hafnium(IV) oxide in biosensors. Ăngeles-Robles, G; Kolosovas-Machuca, ES; Ortiz-Dosal, LC, 2018) | 2.38 |
| "Hafnium is a passive metal with good biocompatibility and osteogenesis, however, little is known about its resistance to wear and corrosion in biological environments. " | ( Corrosion and tribocorrosion of hafnium in simulated body fluids. Emami, N; Neville, A; Rituerto Sin, J, 2014) | 2.13 |
Hafnium (Hf) has attracted considerable attention as a component of biomedical titanium (Ti) alloys. Its cytotoxicity is as low as that of Ti. Hafnium has been selected as internal standard, since it has scinilar evaporation curve as those of Nb and Ta.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Hafnium (Hf) has attracted considerable attention as a component of biomedical titanium (Ti) alloys with low Young's moduli and/or shape-memory functionalities, because its cytotoxicity is as low as that of Ti. " | ( Development of hafnium metal and titanium-hafnium alloys having apatite-forming ability by chemical surface modification. Miyazaki, T; Shinozaki, N; Shiraishi, T; Shirosaki, Y; Sueoka, M, 2018) | 2.28 |
| "Hafnium has been selected as internal standard, since it has scinilar evaporation curve as those of Nb and Ta." | ( [Determination of trace niobium and tantalum in rock sample by atomic emission spectrometry]. Li, HZ; Luo, CN; Zhou, CL, 2002) | 1.04 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The ToF-SIMS analysis indicated unique signatures of Br and P in the sample toxic to human cell lines suggesting a distinct synthesis was used for that sample which may have been accompanied by inhibitory impurities." | ( Cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of hafnium oxide nanoparticles. Barnes, C; Boitano, SA; Field, JA; Luna-Velasco, A; Ratner, BD; Shadman, F; Sierra-Alvarez, R, 2011) | 0.63 |
| Product Category | Products |
|---|---|
| Vitamins & Supplements | 1 |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| titanium group element atom | |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 43 (15.03) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 3 (1.05) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 67 (23.43) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 135 (47.20) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 38 (13.29) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (82.88) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 3 (1.02%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 7 (2.37%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1 (0.34%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 284 (96.27%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||