invert sugar

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Occurs in Manufacturing Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

invert sugar: mixture of approx 50% dextrose & 50% levulose obtained by acid hydrolysis of cane sugar [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	21924868
SCHEMBL ID	20361633
MeSH ID	M0051714

Synonyms (8)

Synonym
8013-17-0
hs 500
invert sugar
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal compound with 1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one (1:1)
sugar,invert
SCHEMBL20361633
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;1,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexan-2-one
invertose ,

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The aim was to study the effect of substitution of invert sugar for sucrose, in combination with fluoride varnish (Duraphat) treatment twice a year, on caries development in preschool children."	( Effect of partial substitution of invert sugar for sucrose in combination with Duraphat treatment on caries development in preschool children: the Malmö Study. Birkhed, D; Edwardsson, S; Frostell, G; Goldberg, P; Petersson, LG; Priwe, C; Winholt, AS, 1991)	0.81

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (330 Items)

Item	Process	Frequency
Snacks	core-ingredient	1,911
Sweet snacks	core-ingredient	1,722
Confectioneries	core-ingredient	920
Biscuits and cakes	core-ingredient	762
Cocoa and its products	core-ingredient	420
Biscuits	core-ingredient	416
Chocolate candies	core-ingredient	392
Cakes	core-ingredient	234
Desserts	core-ingredient	165
Frozen foods	core-ingredient	157
Frozen desserts	core-ingredient	153
Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	118
Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	116
Cereals and potatoes	core-ingredient	99
Pastries	core-ingredient	67
Chocolates	core-ingredient	66
Breads	core-ingredient	66
Candies	core-ingredient	57
Bars	core-ingredient	33
Cereals and their products	core-ingredient	33
Condiments	core-ingredient	28
Groceries	core-ingredient	27
Assorted chocolates	core-ingredient	23
Sauces	core-ingredient	22
Crackers	core-ingredient	22
Appetizers	core-ingredient	22
Salty snacks	core-ingredient	22
Beverages	core-ingredient	20
Bonbons	core-ingredient	18
Baking decorations	core-ingredient	18
Cereal bars	core-ingredient	18
Milk chocolates	core-ingredient	15
Dark chocolates	core-ingredient	15
Ice creams and sorbets	core-ingredient	15
Cooking helpers	core-ingredient	15
Ice creams	core-ingredient	13
Pastry helpers	core-ingredient	13
Meats and their products	core-ingredient	12
Special breads	core-ingredient	11
Fats	core-ingredient	11
Cake mixes	core-ingredient	11
Dessert mixes	core-ingredient	11
Baking Mixes	core-ingredient	11
Prepared meats	core-ingredient	11
Meats	core-ingredient	11
Sweeteners	core-ingredient	10
Breakfasts	core-ingredient	10
Bars covered with chocolate	core-ingredient	9
Dairies	core-ingredient	9
Marshmallows coated with chocolate	core-ingredient	9
Marshmallows	core-ingredient	8
Chocolate biscuits	core-ingredient	8
Sodas	core-ingredient	8
Carbonated drinks	core-ingredient	8
Meals	core-ingredient	8
Coconut Macaroons	core-ingredient	8
Syrups	core-ingredient	8
Fermented milk products	core-ingredient	7
Fermented foods	core-ingredient	7
Simple syrups	core-ingredient	7
Sandwiches	core-ingredient	6
Filled biscuits	core-ingredient	6
Breakfast cereals	core-ingredient	6
Hamburger buns	core-ingredient	6
Caramel chocolates	core-ingredient	6
Fruits and vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	6
Dairy desserts	core-ingredient	5
Dry biscuits	core-ingredient	5
Vegetable fats	core-ingredient	5
sucrés	core-ingredient	5
Chocolate cakes	core-ingredient	5
Milk chocolate with caramel	core-ingredient	5
Caramels	core-ingredient	5
Waffles	core-ingredient	5
Fruits based foods	core-ingredient	5
Gummi candies	core-ingredient	5
Yogurts	core-ingredient	4
Fermented dairy desserts	core-ingredient	4
Sweet spreads	core-ingredient	4
Spreads	core-ingredient	4
Muffins	core-ingredient	4
Dips	core-ingredient	4
Chocolate sandwich cookies	core-ingredient	4
en:biscuits	core-ingredient	4
Hot dog buns	core-ingredient	4
Pie dough	core-ingredient	4
Biscuits et gâteaux	core-ingredient	4
Filled chocolates	core-ingredient	4
Honey yogurts	core-ingredient	3
Greek-style yogurts	core-ingredient	3
Chocolate truffles	core-ingredient	3
Cheeses	core-ingredient	3
Waters	core-ingredient	3
Gluten-free biscuits	core-ingredient	3
Products without gluten	core-ingredient	3
Products for specific diets	core-ingredient	3
Specific products	core-ingredient	3
Shortbread cookies	core-ingredient	3
Soups	core-ingredient	3
Gummy	core-ingredient	3
White chocolates	core-ingredient	3
Chocolates with almonds	core-ingredient	3
en:candies	core-ingredient	3
Popcorn	core-ingredient	3
Rice vinegars	core-ingredient	3
Vinegars	core-ingredient	3
Assorted chocolate candies	core-ingredient	3
Easter food	core-ingredient	3
Festive foods	core-ingredient	3
Brioches	core-ingredient	3
Viennoiseries	core-ingredient	3
Dark chocolates with orange	core-ingredient	3
Extra fine dark chocolates	core-ingredient	3
Snacks dulces	core-ingredient	3
Botanas	core-ingredient	3
en:chocolate-candies	core-ingredient	3
Honeys	core-ingredient	2
Farming products	core-ingredient	2
Bee products	core-ingredient	2
Canned common beans	core-ingredient	2
Canned legumes	core-ingredient	2
Canned plant-based foods	core-ingredient	2
Legumes	core-ingredient	2
Canned foods	core-ingredient	2
Legumes and their products	core-ingredient	2
Oatmeal cookies	core-ingredient	2
Sugars	core-ingredient	2
Protein Energy Bars	core-ingredient	2
Assortments of biscuits	core-ingredient	2
Productos sin gluten	core-ingredient	2
en:Products for specific diets	core-ingredient	2
en:Specific products	core-ingredient	2
Frozen seafood	core-ingredient	2
Seafood	core-ingredient	2
Tonic water	core-ingredient	2
Fruits cereal bars	core-ingredient	2
fr:Barres chocolatées aux fruits oléagineux	core-ingredient	2
Sausages	core-ingredient	2
Wheat breads	core-ingredient	2
White breads	core-ingredient	2
Confiseries	core-ingredient	2
en:Flavoured milk chocolates	core-ingredient	2
en:Milk chocolate bar with nougat	core-ingredient	2
Brownies	core-ingredient	2
Maple syrups	core-ingredient	2
Pies	core-ingredient	2
Sweet pies	core-ingredient	2
Easter eggs	core-ingredient	2
Chocolate eggs	core-ingredient	2
Petit-Beurre	core-ingredient	2
Prepared salads	core-ingredient	2
Sandwich cookies	core-ingredient	2
Caramel stuffed wafers	core-ingredient	2
Stuffed wafers	core-ingredient	2
Wafers	core-ingredient	2
Filled dark chocolates	core-ingredient	2
en:breakfast-cereals	core-ingredient	2
Plain Brussels-style soft waffle	core-ingredient	2
Galletas	core-ingredient	2
Galletas y pasteles	core-ingredient	2
en:filled-biscuits	core-ingredient	2
Liquorice candies	core-ingredient	2
Sliced breads	core-ingredient	1
Raisin cookies	core-ingredient	1
Drop cookies	core-ingredient	1
Baby foods	core-ingredient	1
Bagel breads	core-ingredient	1
Protein bars	core-ingredient	1
Energy bars	core-ingredient	1
Bodybuilding supplements	core-ingredient	1
Dietary supplements	core-ingredient	1
Protein bar	core-ingredient	1
Madeleines	core-ingredient	1
Hot chocolate	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate beverages	core-ingredient	1
Panes sin gluten	core-ingredient	1
Panes	core-ingredient	1
Cereales y patatas	core-ingredient	1
Alimentos de origen vegetal	core-ingredient	1
Alimentos y bebidas de origen vegetal	core-ingredient	1
en:chocolates	core-ingredient	1
fruit bar	core-ingredient	1
Milks	core-ingredient	1
Dehydrated beverages	core-ingredient	1
Dried products to be rehydrated	core-ingredient	1
Dried products	core-ingredient	1
Plant-based beverages	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast bar	core-ingredient	1
Biscuit with milk	core-ingredient	1
Baked beans in tomato sauce	core-ingredient	1
Prepared vegetables	core-ingredient	1
Whole Wheat Crackers	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast b	core-ingredient	1
Milk chocolates with almonds	core-ingredient	1
Milk chocolate bar	core-ingredient	1
Frozen yogurts	core-ingredient	1
Pound Cake	core-ingredient	1
Wines	core-ingredient	1
Alcoholic beverages	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate ice cream tubs	core-ingredient	1
Vinaigres de riz	core-ingredient	1
Vinaigres	core-ingredient	1
cookies	core-ingredient	1
Strawberry syrups	core-ingredient	1
Flavoured syrups	core-ingredient	1
Cinnamon sticks	core-ingredient	1
Cinnamon	core-ingredient	1
Spices	core-ingredient	1
Dutch apple pies	core-ingredient	1
Apple pies	core-ingredient	1
Ice cream tubs	core-ingredient	1
fr:Helados de leche	core-ingredient	1
Coffees	core-ingredient	1
Fresh plant-based f	core-ingredient	1
Mushrooms and their products	core-ingredient	1
Fresh foods	core-ingredient	1
Vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	1
Salads	core-ingredient	1
Dark chocolate with caramel	core-ingredient	1
Biscuits and cakes Cakes	core-ingredient	1
Toppings	core-ingredient	1
Confiseries chocolatées	core-ingredient	1
Coconut cookies	core-ingredient	1
Juices	core-ingredient	1
Sweetened beverages	core-ingredient	1
Colas	core-ingredient	1
Teacake	core-ingredient	1
Instant Noodles	core-ingredient	1
extruded ce	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast-chocolate-cereals-not-filled	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate cereals	core-ingredient	1
Dark chocolate filled with mint confectionery	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast sandwich	core-ingredient	1
Blueberry muffins	core-ingredient	1
Fruit muffins	core-ingredient	1
Stick biscuits covered with chocolate	core-ingredient	1
Fruit and vegetable preserves	core-ingredient	1
Plant-based spreads	core-ingredient	1
Pumpkin pies	core-ingredient	1
Almond cookies	core-ingredient	1
Salted snacks	core-ingredient	1
Macarons	core-ingredient	1
en:cereal-flakes	core-ingredient	1
Orange Jelly	core-ingredient	1
Spéculoos	core-ingredient	1
Almond Fingers	core-ingredient	1
Strawberry Licorice	core-ingredient	1
Flavoured da	core-ingredient	1
Flavoured chocolates	core-ingredient	1
Dark chocolates with almonds	core-ingredient	1
Dark chocolate bar with less than 70% cocoa	core-ingredient	1
Dark chocolate bar	core-ingredient	1
Gâteau au fromage blanc	core-ingredient	1
Gâteaux	core-ingredient	1
Desserts lactés	core-ingredient	1
Snacks sucrés	core-ingredient	1
Produits laitiers	core-ingredient	1
Biscuits au chocolat	core-ingredient	1
Mochi ice cream	core-ingredient	1
Digestives covered with chocolate	core-ingredient	1
Savoury crackers	core-ingredient	1
Plain salty snacks	core-ingredient	1
Fruit Bread	core-ingredient	1
Malt loaf	core-ingredient	1
Fruit-malt-loaf	core-ingredient	1
Wheat crackers	core-ingredient	1
en:sodas	core-ingredient	1
Ginger beer	core-ingredient	1
Non-alcoholic beers	core-ingredient	1
Non-alcoholic beverages	core-ingredient	1
Lemon cheesecakes	core-ingredient	1
Cheesecakes	core-ingredient	1
en:brioches	core-ingredient	1
Brioche bun	core-ingredient	1
Fudge	core-ingredient	1
Honey mustards	core-ingredient	1
Honey mustard dressings	core-ingredient	1
Sauces with mustard	core-ingredient	1
Salad dressings	core-ingredient	1
Mustards	core-ingredient	1
Sirops de sucre	core-ingredient	1
Inverted sugar syrups	core-ingredient	1
fr:Salade de poulet	core-ingredient	1
Meals with chicken	core-ingredient	1
Poultry meals	core-ingredient	1
Meals with meat	core-ingredient	1
en:milk-chocolates	core-ingredient	1
uk:батончик-шоколадний	core-ingredient	1
Caramel chocolate bars	core-ingredient	1
Sweet Fritters	core-ingredient	1
en:wafer rolls	core-ingredient	1
en:Wafers	core-ingredient	1
Chocolates stuffed with almond paste	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate filled Biscuit	core-ingredient	1
Sandwich biscuit	core-ingredient	1
Biscuit	core-ingredient	1
Creme Sandwich Biscuit	core-ingredient	1
chocolate	core-ingredient	1
Galletas sin gluten	core-ingredient	1
Lanches comida	core-ingredient	1
Panettone	core-ingredient	1
Non-dairy desserts	core-ingredient	1
Dairy substitutes	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast bars	core-ingredient	1
Acid gummy candies	core-ingredient	1
Fast-food	core-ingredient	1
Breakfast cereals diet with dried fruits fortified with vitamins and chemical elements	core-ingredient	1
fruity rolls	core-ingredient	1
en:Milk chocolates with almonds	core-ingredient	1
en:Swiss chocolates	core-ingredient	1
en:Flavoured chocolates	core-ingredient	1
Chocolates con almendras	core-ingredient	1
Chocolates con leche	core-ingredient	1
Cacao y sus productos	core-ingredient	1
en:milk-chocolate-with-caramel	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate confectionery with caramel filling	core-ingredient	1
Filled chocolate eggs	core-ingredient	1
Filled milk chocolates	core-ingredient	1
Extruded cereals	core-ingredient	1
Cereal flakes	core-ingredient	1
Flakes	core-ingredient	1
Vanilla cheesecakes	core-ingredient	1
Dairy chocolate desserts	core-ingredient	1
en:frozen-desserts	core-ingredient	1
Contains traces dairy	core-ingredient	1
en:cereal-bars	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate covered muesli bar	core-ingredient	1
en:cereal-flakes-with-fruits	core-ingredient	1
en:bars	core-ingredient	1
Manuka honeys	core-ingredient	1

Research

Studies (86)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	63 (73.26)	18.7374
1990's	4 (4.65)	18.2507
2000's	4 (4.65)	29.6817
2010's	12 (13.95)	24.3611
2020's	3 (3.49)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 90.64

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	90.64 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	4.55 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.73 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	160.79 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.01 (0.95)

This Compound (90.64)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	2 (2.17%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (2.17%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (2.17%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	86 (93.48%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aconitic acid Aconitic Acid: A tricarboxylic acid with the formula (COOH)-CH2-C(COOH)=CH-COOH.. aconitic acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is prop-1-ene substituted by carboxy groups at positions 1, 2 and 3.	7.05	1	0	tricarboxylic acid
inositol Inositol: An isomer of glucose that has traditionally been considered to be a B vitamin although it has an uncertain status as a vitamin and a deficiency syndrome has not been identified in man. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1379) Inositol phospholipids are important in signal transduction.. inositol : Any cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol.. 1D-chiro-inositol : Belonging to the inositol family of compounds, D-chiro-inositol (DCI) is an isomer of glucose. It is an important secondary messenger in insulin signal transduction.. muco-inositol : An inositol that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol having a (1R,2R,3r,4R,5S,6r)-configuration.	7.33	2	0	cyclitol; hexol
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	7.37	2	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.	2.34	2	0	isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound	Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	2.1	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	7.05	1	0	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
hexachlorophene Hexachlorophene: A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797). hexachlorophene : An organochlorine compound that is diphenylmethane in which each of the phenyl groups is substituted by chlorines at positions 2, 3, and 5, and by a hydroxy group at position 6. An antiseptic that is effective against Gram-positive organisms, it is used in soaps and creams for the treatment of various skin disorders. It is also used in agriculture as an acaricide and fungicide, but is not approved for such use within the European Union.	1.93	1	0	bridged diphenyl fungicide; polyphenol; trichlorobenzene	acaricide; antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug
phenolphthalein Phenolphthalein: An acid-base indicator which is colorless in acid solution, but turns pink to red as the solution becomes alkaline. It is used medicinally as a cathartic.	1.96	1	0	phenols
saccharin Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.	1.97	1	0	1,2-benzisothiazole; N-sulfonylcarboxamide	environmental contaminant; sweetening agent; xenobiotic
sodium fluoride [no description available]	3.77	2	1	fluoride salt	mutagen
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.96	1	0	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.	2.33	2	0	chlorocarbon; chloromethanes	hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	6.71	18	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
phenylethyl alcohol Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.. 2-phenylethanol : A primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.	1.97	1	0	benzenes; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; fragrance; plant growth retardant; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4.	2.33	2	0	aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
xylitol xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.	1.96	1	0
4-biphenylamine 4-biphenylamine: used in detection of sulfates, & as a carcinogen in cancer research; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. biphenyl-4-amine : An aminobiphenyl that is biphenyl substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.17	1	0	aminobiphenyl	carcinogenic agent
isomaltose [no description available]	1.96	1	0
sodium hydroxide Sodium Hydroxide: A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	2.03	1	0	alkali metal hydroxide
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	1.93	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	3.35	6	0	primary alcohol
galactose aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.	4.45	24	0
captopril Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.. captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.	6.99	1	0	alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid	antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
d-glucitol, 6-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-, mixture with 1-o-alpha-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannitol Palatinit: mixture of 1,6-mannitol glucopyranoside & 1,6-sorbitol glucopyranoside that affects de- and remineralization; non-cariogenic. 1-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol : A 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol that has alpha configuration at the anomeric centre.	1.96	1	0	(2xi)-6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-arabino-hexitol; 1-O-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol
nicotine (S)-nicotine : A 3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine in which the chiral centre has S-configuration. The naturally occurring and most active enantiomer of nicotine, isolated from Nicotiana tabacum.	3.17	1	0	3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine	anxiolytic drug; biomarker; immunomodulator; mitogen; neurotoxin; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist; peripheral nervous system drug; phytogenic insecticide; plant metabolite; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent; xenobiotic
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.33	2	0
sorbose sorbopyranose : The pyranose form of sorbose.. L-sorbopyranose : The L-stereoisomer of sorbopyranose.	1.96	1	0	L-sorbose; sorbopyranose
isomaltulose 6-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-D-fructofuranose : A glycosylfructose that is D-fructofuranose attached to a alpha-D-glucopyranosyl unit at position 6 via a glycosidic linkage. It is found in honey and sugarcane.	1.96	1	0	glycosylfructose	animal metabolite; plant metabolite; sweetening agent
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	1.93	1	0	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	1.96	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	9.27	86	2	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
cystine [no description available]	6.93	1	0
sodium borohydride sodium borohydride: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.03	1	0	inorganic sodium salt; metal tetrahydridoborate
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	1.96	1	0	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
sepharose agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.	2.1	1	0
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.48	2	0	glycoside
chitosan [no description available]	7.25	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Impaired Glucose Tolerance [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Glucose Intolerance A pathological state in which BLOOD GLUCOSE level is less than approximately 140 mg/100 ml of PLASMA at fasting, and above approximately 200 mg/100 ml plasma at 30-, 60-, or 90-minute during a GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST. This condition is seen frequently in DIABETES MELLITUS, but also occurs with other diseases and MALNUTRITION.	7.25	1	0
Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE.	2.33	2	0
Dementia Praecox [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Insulin Coma Severe HYPOGLYCEMIA induced by a large dose of exogenous INSULIN resulting in a COMA or profound state of unconsciousness from which the individual cannot be aroused.	6.93	1	0
Schizophrenia A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.	1.93	1	0
Gastroenteritis INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.	1.93	1	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	1.93	1	0
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level after a meal.	1.93	1	0
Hyperpotassemia [description not available]	6.93	1	0
Hyperglycemia Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.	6.93	1	0
Hyperkalemia Abnormally high potassium concentration in the blood, most often due to defective renal excretion. It is characterized clinically by electrocardiographic abnormalities (elevated T waves and depressed P waves, and eventually by atrial asystole). In severe cases, weakness and flaccid paralysis may occur. (Dorland, 27th ed)	1.93	1	0
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cardiovascular Diseases Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.	1.93	1	0
Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.	1.93	1	0
Peripheral Vascular Diseases Pathological processes involving any one of the BLOOD VESSELS in the vasculature outside the HEART.	1.93	1	0
Kidney Failure A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.	1.93	1	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Renal Insufficiency Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.	1.93	1	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	1.93	1	0
Brain Vascular Disorders [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Asystole [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Cerebrovascular Disorders A spectrum of pathological conditions of impaired blood flow in the brain. They can involve vessels (ARTERIES or VEINS) in the CEREBRUM, the CEREBELLUM, and the BRAIN STEM. Major categories include INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE; and others.	1.93	1	0
Heart Arrest Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.	1.93	1	0
Disease A definite pathologic process with a characteristic set of signs and symptoms. It may affect the whole body or any of its parts, and its etiology, pathology, and prognosis may be known or unknown.	6.93	1	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.34	2	0
Pancreatic Diseases Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.	1.93	1	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.34	2	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	1.93	1	0
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	1.93	1	0
Anesthesia A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.	1.93	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	1.93	1	0
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	1.93	1	0
Allergic Reaction [description not available]	1.92	1	0
Dermatoses [description not available]	6.92	1	0
Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.	1.92	1	0
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	1.92	1	0
Hepatitis INFLAMMATION of the LIVER.	1.92	1	0
Caries, Dental [description not available]	4.27	4	1
Dental Plaque A film that attaches to teeth, often causing DENTAL CARIES and GINGIVITIS. It is composed of MUCINS, secreted from salivary glands, and microorganisms.	2.37	2	0
Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp.	4.27	4	1
Compensatory Hyperinsulinemia A GLUCOSE-induced HYPERINSULINEMIA, a marker of insulin-resistant state. It is a mechanism to compensate for reduced sensitivity to insulin.	1.96	1	0
Hyperinsulinism A syndrome with excessively high INSULIN levels in the BLOOD. It may cause HYPOGLYCEMIA. Etiology of hyperinsulinism varies, including hypersecretion of a beta cell tumor (INSULINOMA); autoantibodies against insulin (INSULIN ANTIBODIES); defective insulin receptor (INSULIN RESISTANCE); or overuse of exogenous insulin or HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTS.	1.96	1	0
Metabolic Acidosis [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acetonemia [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Acidosis A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.	1.96	1	0
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Error [description not available]	1.95	1	0
ALDOB Deficiency [description not available]	1.95	1	0
Autoimmune Diabetes [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Fasting Hypoglycemia HYPOGLYCEMIA expressed in the postabsorptive state, after prolonged FASTING, or an overnight fast.	3.39	1	1
Infant, Newborn, Diseases Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.	3.39	1	1
Pregnancy in Diabetes [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.	3.39	1	1
Hypoglycemia A syndrome of abnormally low BLOOD GLUCOSE level. Clinical hypoglycemia has diverse etiologies. Severe hypoglycemia eventually lead to glucose deprivation of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM resulting in HUNGER; SWEATING; PARESTHESIA; impaired mental function; SEIZURES; COMA; and even DEATH.	3.39	1	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.39	1	1
Asialia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	1.97	1	0
Xerostomia Decreased salivary flow.	1.97	1	0
Spider Veins [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Telangiectasis Permanent dilation of preexisting blood vessels (CAPILLARIES; ARTERIOLES; VENULES) creating small focal red lesions, most commonly in the skin or mucous membranes. It is characterized by the prominence of skin blood vessels, such as vascular spiders.	1.97	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.96	1	0

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