| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
arsenic acid
arsenic acid: RN given refers to orthoarsenic acid(H3AsO4); see also sodium arsenate. arsenic acid : An arsenic oxoacid comprising one oxo group and three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. | 2.75 | 3 | 0 | arsenic oxoacid | Escherichia coli metabolite |
arsenous acid
arsenous acid : An arsenic oxoacid consisting of three hydroxy groups attached to a central arsenic atom. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | arsenic oxoacid | |
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 1-pyrroline nitrones | neuroprotective agent;
spin trapping reagent |
acetovanillone
apocynin : An aromatic ketone that is 1-phenylethanone substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetophenones;
aromatic ketone;
methyl ketone | antirheumatic drug;
EC 1.6.3.1. [NAD(P)H oxidase (H2O2-forming)] inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
peripheral nervous system drug;
plant metabolite |
cacodylic acid
dimethylarsinic acid : The organoarsenic compound that is arsenic acid substituted on the central arsenic atom with two methyl groups. | 8.63 | 71 | 1 | organoarsenic compound | xenobiotic metabolite |
dimercaprol
Dimercaprol: An anti-gas warfare agent that is effective against Lewisite (dichloro(2-chlorovinyl)arsine) and formerly known as British Anti-Lewisite or BAL. It acts as a chelating agent and is used in the treatment of arsenic, gold, and other heavy metal poisoning.. dimercaprol : A dithiol that is propane-1,2-dithiol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. a chelating agent originally developed during World War II as an experimental antidote against the arsenic-based poison gas Lewisite, it has been used clinically since 1949 for the treatment of poisoning by arsenic, mercury and gold. It can also be used for treatment of poisoning by antimony, bismuth and possibly thallium, and (with sodium calcium edetate) in cases of acute leaad poisoning. Administration is by (painful) intramuscular injection of a suspension of dimercaprol in peanut oil, typically every 4 hours for 2-10 days depending on the toxicity. In the past, dimercaprol was also used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a severely debilitating genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper, with resultant liver and brain injury. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dithiol;
primary alcohol | chelator |
oxophenylarsine
oxophenylarsine: inhibits protein-tyrosine-phosphatase. phenylarsine oxide : An arsine oxide derived from phenylarsine. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | arsine oxides | antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor |
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes | carcinogenic agent |
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent |
methionine
Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
methionine zwitterion;
methionine;
proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical |
propane
Propane: A three carbon alkane with the formula H3CCH2CH3. | 7.01 | 1 | 0 | alkane;
gas molecular entity | food propellant |
monomethylarsonic acid
monomethylarsonic acid: structure given in first source | 7.14 | 15 | 1 | arsonic acids;
one-carbon compound;
organoarsonic acid | |
quinazolines
Quinazolines: A group of aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain a bicyclic structure with two fused six-membered aromatic rings, a benzene ring and a pyrimidine ring.. quinazoline : A mancude organic heterobicyclic parent that is naphthalene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 3 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.. quinazolines : Any organic heterobicyclic compound based on a quinazoline skeleton and its substituted derivatives. | 2.45 | 2 | 0 | azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinazolines | |
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary |
arsenic trioxide
Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy. | 4.14 | 3 | 1 | | |
diphenylarsinic acid
diphenylarsinic acid: a degradation product of diphenylcyanoarsine or diphenylchloroarsine, both of which were developed as chemical warfare agents; structure in first source | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
manganese
Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese;
manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient |
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide: 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | epoxide | intercalator |
arsenobetaine
[no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic salt | |
trimethylarsine
trimethylarsine : An arsine that is arsane in which each of the hydrogens is substituted by a methyl group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | arsine | |
trimethylarsine oxide
trimethylarsine oxide: sodium arsenate metabolite in fish | 7.72 | 3 | 0 | arsine oxides | |
gefitinib
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | aromatic ether;
monochlorobenzenes;
monofluorobenzenes;
morpholines;
quinazolines;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent;
epidermal growth factor receptor antagonist |
methanearsonous acid
methanearsonous acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. methylarsonous acid : A one-carbon compound that is arsonous acid in which the hydrogen attached to arsenic is replaced by a methyl group. | 4.66 | 26 | 0 | arsonous acids;
one-carbon compound | carcinogenic agent;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
poison |
dimethyldithioarsinic acid
dimethyldithioarsinic acid: structure in first source | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | | |
s-adenosylhomocysteine
S-Adenosylhomocysteine: 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions.. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine : An organic sulfide that is the S-adenosyl derivative of L-homocysteine. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | adenosines;
amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine derivative;
homocysteines;
organic sulfide | cofactor;
EC 2.1.1.72 [site-specific DNA-methyltransferase (adenine-specific)] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.79 (cyclopropane-fatty-acyl-phospholipid synthase) inhibitor;
epitope;
fundamental metabolite |
sodium arsenite
sodium arsenite : An inoganic sodium salt with formula with formula NaAsO2. | 2.98 | 4 | 0 | arsenic molecular entity;
inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
carcinogenic agent;
herbicide;
insecticide;
rodenticide |
arsenic
Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) | 8.17 | 44 | 1 | metalloid atom;
pnictogen | micronutrient |
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 7.73 | 3 | 0 | chalcogen;
nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 3.3 | 6 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
darinaparsin
darinaparsin: cytotoxic compound | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | peptide | |
cytochrome c-t
Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | | |
interleukin-8
Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | | |
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ascorbic acid;
vitamin C | coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent |
glutaminase
[no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | | |
deoxyguanosine
[no description available] | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient |
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | guanosines | biomarker |
metallothionein
Metallothionein: A low-molecular-weight (approx. 10 kD) protein occurring in the cytoplasm of kidney cortex and liver. It is rich in cysteinyl residues and contains no aromatic amino acids. Metallothionein shows high affinity for bivalent heavy metals. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |