Compounds > ferric carboxymaltose
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ferric carboxymaltose

Description

ferric carboxymaltose: effective for treatment of postpartum anemia [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID139266768
MeSH IDM0512898

Synonyms (5)

Synonym
9007-72-1
ferric carboxymaltose
injectafer
injectafer;iron dextri-maltose
BCP30646

Research Excerpts

Overview

Ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®) is an infusion administered for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. It is a novel treatment option with a low risk of hypersensitivity reactions and well tolerated even in high doses.

ExcerptReference
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a recently established intravenous iron formulation associated with substantial advantages in safety, speed of delivery and total dose deliverable in a single infusion."( Protocol for a multicentre, parallel-group, open-label randomised controlled trial comparing ferric carboxymaltose with the standard of care in anaemic Malawian pregnant women: the REVAMP trial.
Ataíde, R; Biselele, K; Braat, S; Chinkhumba, J; Harding, R; Larson, L; Moya, E; Mwangi, MN; Mzembe, G; Pasricha, SR; Phiri, KS; Robberstad, B; Rogerson, S; Simpson, J; Stones, W, 2021)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), shown to be a safe and effective intravenous iron therapy in other diseases, has not been investigated yet in CAG."( Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients with Corpus Atrophic Gastritis: A Retrospective Study.
Annibale, B; Corleone Tsar'kov, D; Dilaghi, E; Dottori, L; Esposito, G; Lahner, E; Ligato, I; Pivetta, G; Scalamonti, S, 2023)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a novel parenteral iron preparation which can rapidly replenish iron stores."( The Impact of the Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hemoglobin and Ferritin Levels.
Asma, S; Aytan, P; Boğa, C; Büyükkurt, N; Gereklioğlu, Ç; Kasar, M; Korur, A; Özdoğu, H; Solmaz, S; Tanrikulu, FP; Yeral, M, 2020)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a novel treatment option with a low risk of hypersensitivity reactions and well tolerated even in high doses."( The Impact of the Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hemoglobin and Ferritin Levels.
Asma, S; Aytan, P; Boğa, C; Büyükkurt, N; Gereklioğlu, Ç; Kasar, M; Korur, A; Özdoğu, H; Solmaz, S; Tanrikulu, FP; Yeral, M, 2020)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®) is an infusion administered for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. "( Ferric carboxymaltose (Ferinject®) associated hypophosphataemia: case report illustrating the need for increased awareness to minimise incidence and risk.
Fisher, S; Jonker, L, 2020)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a relatively novel intravenous iron formulation used in different clinical settings, although scarce data exist in NDD-CKD patients."( Ferric carboxymaltose vs. ferrous sulfate for the treatment of anemia in advanced chronic kidney disease: an observational retrospective study and cost analysis.
Allinovi, M; Bagalà, A; Ballo, P; Bellelli, S; Cirillo, L; Dallari, LA; Dattolo, PC; Di Marcantonio, E; Ferro, G; Somma, C, 2021)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is estimated to be a highly cost-effective treatment across countries (Italy, UK, USA and Switzerland) representing different healthcare systems."( Ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron deficiency in heart failure: a multinational cost-effectiveness analysis utilising AFFIRM-AHF.
Coats, AJS; Davis, JA; Dorigotti, F; Jankowska, EA; McEwan, P; O'Sullivan, D; Ponikowski, P; Ramirez de Arellano, A; Rosano, G, 2021)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a modern treatment option."( Role of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy-maltose in Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia.
Gandhi, K; Hokabaj, S; Mishra, V; Roy, P; Shah, KN, 2017)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a stable, non-dextran-based intravenous iron complex used to treat iron deficiency of various etiologies. "( Cardiovascular, liver, and renal toxicity associated with an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose similar versus the originator compound.
Angerosa, M; Cao, G; Rico, L; Toblli, JE, 2017)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a novel iron formulation increasingly prescribed due to its effectiveness and fast infusion time. "( Severe FGF23-based hypophosphataemic osteomalacia due to ferric carboxymaltose administration.
Asaad, S; Econs, M; Klein, K; Rubin, JE, 2018)
"Ferric carboxymaltose was found to be an effective and well tolerated treatment for iron deficiency anemia in patients with IBD. "( Inflammatory bowel disease and anemia: intravenous iron treatment.
Arkkila, P; Färkkilä, M; Haapamäki, J; Kangaspunta, M, 2018)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a new preparation of non-dextran iron which, due to its pharmacokinetics and stability, may induce less toxicity than other iron molecules."( Acute and sub-acute effect of ferric carboxymaltose on inflammation and adhesion molecules in patients with predialysis chronic renal failure.
Cabré, C; Font, R; García-Ruiz, C; Jariod, M; Martínez-Vea, A; Muñoz-Cortés, M; Nogués, MR; Prats, M; Romeu, M, 2013)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a new treatment option that may be better tolerated.The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) correction with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with mild, moderate and severe anaemia in the second and third trimester."( Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for anaemia in pregnancy.
Collingwood, J; Dekker, G; Froessler, B; Hodyl, NA, 2014)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a new stable iron preparation that can be administered in single infusions over short periods of time."( Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose and Other Formulations in Iron-Deficient Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Marmifero, M; Meregaglia, M; Rognoni, C; Tarricone, R; Venturini, S, 2016)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a macromolecular ferric hydroxide carbohydrate complex, which allows for controlled delivery of iron within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system and subsequent delivery to the iron-binding proteins ferritin and transferrin, with minimal risk of release of large amounts of ionic iron in the serum."( Ferric carboxymaltose: a review of its use in iron-deficiency anaemia.
Keating, GM; Lyseng-Williamson, KA, 2009)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a novel IV iron formulation designed to permit larger infusions compared to currently available IV standards such as Venofer(R) (iron sucrose)."( Randomized evaluation of efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anaemia and impaired renal function (REPAIR-IDA): rationale and study design.
Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Goodnough, LT; Harrington, RA; Koch, TA; Morris, D; Onken, JE; Szczech, LA; Wolf, M, 2010)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a new iron formulation (150 kDa) that can be given at high doses (20 mg/kg, up to 1000 mg) over a short period (≤ 15 min), without test dosing."( Ferric carboxymaltose for the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia. [corrected].
Martín-Montañez, E; Muñoz, M, 2012)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a new intravenous (i.v.) iron formulation promising to be more effective and as safe as iron sucrose."( Intravenous iron treatment in pregnancy: comparison of high-dose ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose.
Christoph, P; De Tejada, BM; Irion, O; Schuller, C; Studer, H; Surbek, D, 2012)
"Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is a stable, non-dextran-containing iron formulation developed for rapid IV administration in high doses with controlled delivery of iron into target tissues."( Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, active-controlled, multi-center study.
Bernardo, MV; Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Charytan, C; Koch, TA; Morris, D, 2013)

Effects

ExcerptReference
"Ferric carboxymaltose has a comparable safety profile to iron sucrose but offers the advantage of a much higher iron dosage at a time reducing the need for repeated applications and increasing patients' comfort."( Intravenous iron treatment in pregnancy: comparison of high-dose ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose.
Christoph, P; De Tejada, BM; Irion, O; Schuller, C; Studer, H; Surbek, D, 2012)

Treatment

Ferric carboxymaltose is a novel treatment option with a low risk of hypersensitivity reactions and well tolerated even in high doses. The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) correction with intravenous ferric carboxesyltose in pregnant women.

ExcerptReference
"Ferric carboxymaltose treatment reduces pain levels and improves the quality of life in women with fibromyalgia."( Ferric carboxymaltose therapy reduces pain and improves the quality of life in female patients with fibromyalgia.
Aydemir, AE; Gürcü, S; Hamarat, H; Kıvanç, BK, 2023)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a novel treatment option with a low risk of hypersensitivity reactions and well tolerated even in high doses."( The Impact of the Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hemoglobin and Ferritin Levels.
Asma, S; Aytan, P; Boğa, C; Büyükkurt, N; Gereklioğlu, Ç; Kasar, M; Korur, A; Özdoğu, H; Solmaz, S; Tanrikulu, FP; Yeral, M, 2020)
"Ferric carboxymaltose treatment (n = 59) led to nonsignificant improvement over placebo (n = 51) in International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Scale score at week 4 (difference [95% confidence interval], -2.5 [-5.93 to 1.02], P = 0.163), reaching significance by week 12 (-4.66 [-8.59 to -0.73], P = 0.021)."( Ferric carboxymaltose in patients with restless legs syndrome and nonanemic iron deficiency: A randomized trial.
Mezzacasa, A; Oertel, W; Roubert, B; Trenkwalder, C; Virgin, G; Winkelmann, J, 2017)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a modern treatment option."( Role of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy-maltose in Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anaemia.
Gandhi, K; Hokabaj, S; Mishra, V; Roy, P; Shah, KN, 2017)
"Ferric carboxymaltose treatment had a significantly higher incidence of moderate-to-severe hypophosphatemia compared with iron isomaltoside at week 2 (56.9% vs 5.7%, P < 0.001) and a higher incidence at week 6 (13.7% vs 1.9%, P = 0.054).The overall incidence of hypophosphatemia was significantly higher with ferric carboxymaltose compared with iron isomaltoside treatment at weeks 2 (72.5% vs 11.3%, P < 0.001) and 6 (21.6% vs 3.7%, P = 0.013)."( Incidence of hypophosphatemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside.
Detlie, TE; Finnes, E; Jahnsen, J; Jahnsen, ME; Lindstrøm, JC; Moum, B; Zoller, H, 2019)
"Ferric carboxymaltose is a new treatment option that may be better tolerated.The study was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) correction with intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with mild, moderate and severe anaemia in the second and third trimester."( Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose for anaemia in pregnancy.
Collingwood, J; Dekker, G; Froessler, B; Hodyl, NA, 2014)
"All ferric carboxymaltose-treated patients achieved an Hb increase >1 g/dL (control 6/9; p = 0.087), and mean TSAT was >20% from week 2 onwards."( Intravenous iron alone resolves anemia in patients with functional iron deficiency and lymphoid malignancies undergoing chemotherapy.
Birgegård, G; Felder, M; Hedenus, M; Karlsson, T; Ludwig, H; Roubert, B; Rzychon, B, 2014)
"Ferric carboxymaltose-treated subjects were significantly more likely to: (1) achieve a hemoglobin greater than 12 g/dL in a shorter time period with a sustained hemoglobin greater than 12 g/dL at day 42, (2) achieve hemoglobin rise 3 g/dL or greater more quickly, and (3) attain higher serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels. "( Ferric carboxymaltose injection in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Baker, JB; Banach, W; Derman, RJ; Goldberg, C; Rogers, R; Seid, MH, 2008)
"Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose improves symptoms, functional capacity, and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency. "( A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients With Iron Deficiency and Chronic Heart Failure in Spain.
Anker, SD; Comín-Colet, J; Enjuanes-Grau, C; Gutzwiller, FS; Ponikowski, P; Rubio-Rodríguez, D; Rubio-Terrés, C, 2015)
"Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is cost-effective in Spain."( A Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients With Iron Deficiency and Chronic Heart Failure in Spain.
Anker, SD; Comín-Colet, J; Enjuanes-Grau, C; Gutzwiller, FS; Ponikowski, P; Rubio-Rodríguez, D; Rubio-Terrés, C, 2015)
"Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose is efficious, safe and well tolerated in iron-deficient IBD patients."( Iron status and analysis of efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Beigel, F; Brand, S; Breiteneicher, S; Göke, B; Laubender, RP; Löhr, B; Ochsenkühn, T; Schnitzler, F; Seiderer, J; Tillack, C; Weidinger, M, 2012)

Toxicity

Intravenous iron substitution was safe and yielded a better haemoglobin response than oral iron. Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose is efficious, safe and well tolerated in iron-deficient IBD patients.

ExcerptReference
"Parenteral iron carboxymaltose is a safe and effective treatment option for postpartum anemia, with advantages of a shorter treatment period, better compliance, rapid normalization of iron storages, and lower incidence of gastrointestinal side effects."( Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia.
Bejenariu, C; Breymann, C; Gliga, F; Strizhova, N, 2008)
" Adverse events after administration of the drug were assessed by using a questionnaire."( Safety and tolerability of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for treatment of iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease and in kidney transplant recipients.
Cohen, CD; Fehr, T; Grimmelt, AC; Serra, AL; Wuethrich, RP, 2009)
"Mild and transient adverse events (metallic taste, headache, dizziness) occurred in six patients."( Safety and tolerability of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for treatment of iron deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease and in kidney transplant recipients.
Cohen, CD; Fehr, T; Grimmelt, AC; Serra, AL; Wuethrich, RP, 2009)
" The primary endpoint was the incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events during each 7-day study period."( Safety and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Bailie, GR; Mason, NA; Valaoras, TG, 2010)
" Safety assessments included incidence of adverse events (AEs)."( The safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in anaemic patients undergoing haemodialysis: a multi-centre, open-label, clinical study.
Covic, A; Mircescu, G, 2010)
" Safety assessments included incidence of adverse events (AEs), clinical laboratory parameters and vital signs."( Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose: a dose-escalation study in volunteers with mild iron-deficiency anaemia.
Banké-Bochita, J; Geisser, P, 2010)
" Safety assessments: the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and changes in vital signs, physical examinations, and clinical laboratory parameters."( Pharmacodynamics and safety of ferric carboxymaltose: a multiple-dose study in patients with iron-deficiency anaemia secondary to a gastrointestinal disorder.
Geisser, P; Rumyantsev, V, 2010)
" Iron repletion has been associated with adverse outcomes in infections."( Clinical use of intravenous iron: administration, efficacy, and safety.
Auerbach, M; Ballard, H, 2010)
" There were no significant adverse events."( Clinical efficacy and safety of IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) treatment of RLS: a multi-centred, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical trial.
Adler, CH; Allen, RP; Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Du, W; Earley, CJ, 2011)
"IV FCM provided a safe and effective treatment for RLS that lasted for at least 24 weeks for some patients."( Clinical efficacy and safety of IV ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) treatment of RLS: a multi-centred, placebo-controlled preliminary clinical trial.
Adler, CH; Allen, RP; Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Du, W; Earley, CJ, 2011)
" Treatment with ferric carboxymaltose is efficious, safe and well tolerated in iron-deficient IBD patients."( Iron status and analysis of efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Beigel, F; Brand, S; Breiteneicher, S; Göke, B; Laubender, RP; Löhr, B; Ochsenkühn, T; Schnitzler, F; Seiderer, J; Tillack, C; Weidinger, M, 2012)
" Safety and tolerability of both groups were compared on the basis of reported systemic and local adverse events."( Safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose for treatment of postpartum anemia.
Christoph, P; Pfenniger, A; Schuller, C; Surbek, D, 2012)
"Rapid administration of high ICM doses was as well tolerated as IS with overall adverse events of 5% (ICM) vs."( Safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose for treatment of postpartum anemia.
Christoph, P; Pfenniger, A; Schuller, C; Surbek, D, 2012)
"IV ICM is as safe as IS in the management of postpartum (IDA) iron deficiency anemia despite five times of higher dosage."( Safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous iron carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose for treatment of postpartum anemia.
Christoph, P; Pfenniger, A; Schuller, C; Surbek, D, 2012)
" Demographic data, efficacy measures [hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT)], and adverse events were compared between FCM and other agents utilized as comparators in the trials."( Comparative review of the safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in bariatric and gastric surgery patients.
Barish, C; Bregman, D; He, A; Malone, M, 2013)
" The incidence of adverse events in the FCM patients (n = 123) versus patients receiving any IV iron (n = 126) was 61 and 56."( Comparative review of the safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in bariatric and gastric surgery patients.
Barish, C; Bregman, D; He, A; Malone, M, 2013)
"These data in post-bariatric surgery IDA patients suggest that FCM is a safe and effective alternative to existing iron products permitting higher and thus less frequent individual doses."( Comparative review of the safety and efficacy of ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in bariatric and gastric surgery patients.
Barish, C; Bregman, D; He, A; Malone, M, 2013)
" However, parenteral iron supplementation is usually safe and without major side effects."( [Safety aspects of parenteral iron supplementation therapies in patients with chronic kidney disease].
Münch, HG; Potthoff, SA, 2013)
"Two 750-mg FCM infusions are safe and superior to oral iron in increasing Hb levels in IDA patients with inadequate oral iron response."( A multicenter, randomized, active-controlled study to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
Acs, P; Akright, B; Barish, C; Bhaskar, BS; Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Goodnough, LT; Harrington, RA; Koch, TA; Morris, D; Onken, JE; Smith-Nguyen, GN, 2014)
" Number and severity of adverse events did not differ between FG and FCM, no severe adverse events occurred."( TIDILAP: Treatment of iron deficiency in lipoprotein apheresis patients --A prospective observational multi-center cohort study comparing efficacy, safety and tolerability of ferric gluconate with ferric carboxymaltose.
Arneth, B; Bornstein, SR; Heigl, F; Hettich, R; Illigens, BM; Julius, U; Prophet, H; Ramlow, W; Schatz, U; Siegels, D; Siegert, G; Siepmann, T, 2015)
" Safety assessment was performed by recording adverse events (AEs) during and immediately after infusion, 30 minutes afterwards, and via follow-up at 7 days and 8 weeks."( Safety of ferric carboxymaltose immediately after infliximab administration, in a single session, in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency: a pilot study.
Borrás-Blasco, J; Boscá, M; Cortés, E; Cortes, X; Molés, JR, 2015)
"Single-session administration of FCM after IFX was safe and effective in IBD patients and can offer a good cost-benefit ratio and improve treatment adherence."( Safety of ferric carboxymaltose immediately after infliximab administration, in a single session, in inflammatory bowel disease patients with iron deficiency: a pilot study.
Borrás-Blasco, J; Boscá, M; Cortés, E; Cortes, X; Molés, JR, 2015)
" Three serious adverse events were reported, but they were considered unrelated to treatment."( Open-label study of the efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant women with restless legs syndrome.
Bassetti, C; Baumann, C; Gyr, T; Hübner, A; Krafft, A; Manconi, M; Schneider, J; Werth, E, 2015)
" This novel eleven step desensitization protocol was well tolerated without any adverse reactions and allowed the patients to receive iron supplementation when limited therapeutic options existed."( A Safe and Novel Desensitization Protocol with Ferric Carboxymaltose to Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Fajt, ML; Montandon, SV; Petrov, AA, 2016)
"All currently available intravenous iron preparations appear to be safe and effective, but ferric carboxymaltose seems to provide a better and quicker correction of haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels in iron-deficient patients."( Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose and Other Formulations in Iron-Deficient Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Marmifero, M; Meregaglia, M; Rognoni, C; Tarricone, R; Venturini, S, 2016)
" A post hoc analysis of adverse event rates per 100 patient-years was performed to assess the safety of FCM versus oral iron over an extended period."( Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.
Bock, AH; Carrera, F; Cronin, M; Eckardt, KU; Gaillard, CA; Larroque, S; Macdougall, IC; Meier, Y; Roger, SD; Van Wyck, DB, 2017)
" The incidence of one or more adverse events was 91."( Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.
Bock, AH; Carrera, F; Cronin, M; Eckardt, KU; Gaillard, CA; Larroque, S; Macdougall, IC; Meier, Y; Roger, SD; Van Wyck, DB, 2017)
"These results further support the conclusion that correction of iron deficiency anemia with IV FCM is safe in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD."( Safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus oral iron in patients with nondialysis-dependent CKD: an analysis of the 1-year FIND-CKD trial.
Bock, AH; Carrera, F; Cronin, M; Eckardt, KU; Gaillard, CA; Larroque, S; Macdougall, IC; Meier, Y; Roger, SD; Van Wyck, DB, 2017)
" The median prevalence of adverse drug reactions for IPM (2."( Safety and efficacy of intravenous iron polymaltose, iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: A systematic review.
Grivell, RM; Grzeskowiak, LE; Mol, BW; Qassim, A, 2018)
" Intravenous iron compounds were in the past associated with serious adverse reactions and historically were considered a last resort in children."( Safety and efficacy of parenteral iron in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Epstein, J; Fell, JME; Goto, E; Korologou-Linden, R; Papadopoulos, M; Patel, D; Soondrum, K, 2018)
" Safety, tolerability and adverse events were established by case note review."( Safety and efficacy of parenteral iron in children with inflammatory bowel disease.
Epstein, J; Fell, JME; Goto, E; Korologou-Linden, R; Papadopoulos, M; Patel, D; Soondrum, K, 2018)
" No serious adverse effects were reported."( Effectiveness and safety of ferric carboxymaltose compared to iron sucrose in women with iron deficiency anemia: phase IV clinical trials.
Ara, R; Bader, GN; Naqash, A, 2018)
"Parenteral therapy is effective in IDA, but FCM elevates hemoglobin level and restored iron stores faster than IS with minimum adverse drug reactions."( Effectiveness and safety of ferric carboxymaltose compared to iron sucrose in women with iron deficiency anemia: phase IV clinical trials.
Ara, R; Bader, GN; Naqash, A, 2018)
" Ferric Carboxy Maltose is an effective and a safe option which can be administered intravenously in single total correction dose without any serious adverse effects."( Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose in Iron Deficiency Anaemia During Post-partum Period.
Aggarwal, R; Choudhary, S; Gandhi, K; Mishra, V; Roy, P; Sokabaj, S, 2018)
" No serious adverse events were observed after Ferric Carboxy Maltose."( Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose in Iron Deficiency Anaemia During Post-partum Period.
Aggarwal, R; Choudhary, S; Gandhi, K; Mishra, V; Roy, P; Sokabaj, S, 2018)
"Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose was an effective and a safe treatment option for iron deficiency anaemia and has an advantage of single administration of high doses without serious adverse effects."( Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ferric Carboxy Maltose in Iron Deficiency Anaemia During Post-partum Period.
Aggarwal, R; Choudhary, S; Gandhi, K; Mishra, V; Roy, P; Sokabaj, S, 2018)
" Fourteen of 24 subjects experienced adverse events, but these were neither serious nor led to drug interruption."( Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose: a dose-escalation study in Japanese volunteers with iron-deficiency anemia.
Ikuta, K; Kawabata, Y; Shimura, A; Terauchi, M; Yoshii, K, 2018)
" Adverse events [AEs], clinical signs/symptoms, and disease activity indices were also analysed."( Safety and Efficacy of Ferric Carboxymaltose in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in Routine Daily Practice.
Aksan, A; Dignass, A; Klemm, W; Nip, K; Stein, J; Weber-Mangal, S, 2018)
"3% of patients responded, and no adverse drug reactions or drug-attributed serious adverse events [SAEs] or deaths occurred."( Safety and Efficacy of Ferric Carboxymaltose in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in Routine Daily Practice.
Aksan, A; Dignass, A; Klemm, W; Nip, K; Stein, J; Weber-Mangal, S, 2018)
"Ferinject®-therapy was proven to be effective and safe in a large cohort of patients with IBD-associated anaemia in routine practice."( Safety and Efficacy of Ferric Carboxymaltose in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease, in Routine Daily Practice.
Aksan, A; Dignass, A; Klemm, W; Nip, K; Stein, J; Weber-Mangal, S, 2018)
" Incidence of adverse events was < 60% in both groups, and no significant difference was observed between the treatment groups."( Comparison of efficacy and safety between intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and saccharated ferric oxide in Japanese patients with iron-deficiency anemia due to hypermenorrhea: a multi-center, randomized, open-label noninferiority study.
Hanashi, H; Hirai, K; Ikuta, K; Matsuyama, Y; Momoeda, M; Ota, Y; Shimura, A; Terauchi, M, 2019)
" In the full analysis set (n = 39), the incidence of adverse events and adverse drug reactions was 71."( Safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose in Japanese patients with iron-deficiency anemia caused by digestive diseases: an open-label, single-arm study.
Ikuta, K; Ito, H; Masaki, S; Suzuki, Y; Takahashi, K; Terauchi, M, 2019)
" In cases receiving FCM the appearance of adverse events was analysed."( Iron deficiency and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with acute heart failure. AHF-ID study.
Álvarez-Pérez, JM; Berrocal-Gil, P; Borraz-Ordás, C; Comabella, R; Comín-Colet, J; Fernández-Cañadas, JM; Ferre, C; Herrero-Puente, P; Jacob, J; Llopis-García, G; Llorens, P; López-Díez, P; Martín-Sánchez, FJ; Martínez-Gimeno, JL; Mercado, A; Miró, Ò; Pérez-Durá, MJ; Richard-Espiga, F; Roset, A; Valero-Domènech, A, 2020)
"1%) presenting adverse events, the most frequent being digestive alterations."( Iron deficiency and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with acute heart failure. AHF-ID study.
Álvarez-Pérez, JM; Berrocal-Gil, P; Borraz-Ordás, C; Comabella, R; Comín-Colet, J; Fernández-Cañadas, JM; Ferre, C; Herrero-Puente, P; Jacob, J; Llopis-García, G; Llorens, P; López-Díez, P; Martín-Sánchez, FJ; Martínez-Gimeno, JL; Mercado, A; Miró, Ò; Pérez-Durá, MJ; Richard-Espiga, F; Roset, A; Valero-Domènech, A, 2020)
"In chronic very severe sideropenic anemias, third-generation IVI is effective and safe for quick correction and avoidance of red blood cell transfusion."( Efficacy and safety of high-dose intravenous iron as the first-choice therapy in outpatients with severe iron deficiency anemia.
Beverina, I; Brando, B; Garcia-Erce, JA; Jericó, C; Melli, C; Quintana-Diaz, M; Recasens, V; Rondinelli, MB; Salvadori, U, 2020)
"The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy, safety and side-effect profile of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) for correcting IDA in children and adolescents in paediatric gastroenterology, hepatology, and nutrition."( Ferric Carboxymaltose Across All Ages in Paediatric Gastroenterology Shows Efficacy Without Increased Safety Concerns.
Barclay, A; Curtis, L; Duncan, H; Fraser, S; Hansen, R; McGuckin, C; Nair, M; Russell, RK; Sasankan, N; Shannon, C, 2021)
" There were two mild to moderate infusion-related adverse events; and five serious adverse events (three in the intravenous iron group, two in the oral iron group), unrelated to the study medication."( Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in women after childbirth in Tanzania: a parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled phase 3 trial.
Abdulla, S; Asilia, P; Daubenberger, C; Glass, TR; Issa, A; Kuemmerle, A; Lweno, O; Meyer-Monard, S; Mswata, S; Mwebi, KD; Schmidlin, S; Simon, B; Tanner, M; Vanobberghen, F, 2021)
"Intravenous iron substitution with ferric carboxymaltose was safe and yielded a better haemoglobin response than oral iron."( Efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose compared with oral iron for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in women after childbirth in Tanzania: a parallel-group, open-label, randomised controlled phase 3 trial.
Abdulla, S; Asilia, P; Daubenberger, C; Glass, TR; Issa, A; Kuemmerle, A; Lweno, O; Meyer-Monard, S; Mswata, S; Mwebi, KD; Schmidlin, S; Simon, B; Tanner, M; Vanobberghen, F, 2021)
"To define the risk of serious adverse events following administration of an undiluted, rapid, high-dose ferric carboxymaltose injection."( Safety of rapid injection of undiluted ferric carboxymaltose to patients with iron-deficiency anaemia: a Phase II single-arm study.
Bennett, A; Chunilal, S; Coughlin, E; Dev, A; Gilbertson, M; Indran, T; Opat, S; Pasricha, SR; van Dam, M, 2021)
"In a single-arm, Phase II study in 121 patients with iron-deficiency anaemia, we administered up to 1000 mg of ferric carboxymaltose as a rapid undiluted bolus injection, and recorded adverse events and collected blood samples over the first hour, and again at 2 and 4 weeks post-treatment."( Safety of rapid injection of undiluted ferric carboxymaltose to patients with iron-deficiency anaemia: a Phase II single-arm study.
Bennett, A; Chunilal, S; Coughlin, E; Dev, A; Gilbertson, M; Indran, T; Opat, S; Pasricha, SR; van Dam, M, 2021)
"No patient experienced a serious adverse event."( Safety of rapid injection of undiluted ferric carboxymaltose to patients with iron-deficiency anaemia: a Phase II single-arm study.
Bennett, A; Chunilal, S; Coughlin, E; Dev, A; Gilbertson, M; Indran, T; Opat, S; Pasricha, SR; van Dam, M, 2021)
" The secondary outcome was to compare the safety of FCM and IS, assessed by the incidence of adverse events during iron replacement."( Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for iron deficiency anemia in obstetric and gynecologic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Choi, YJ; Go, DY; Jang, YK; Ko, EJ; Lee, SW; Shin, HW; You, HS, 2021)
"FCM group showed better efficacy in increasing Hb and ferritin levels and a favorable safety profile with fewer adverse events compared with IS group for IDA treatment among obstetric and gynecologic patients."( Comparative efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose and iron sucrose for iron deficiency anemia in obstetric and gynecologic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Choi, YJ; Go, DY; Jang, YK; Ko, EJ; Lee, SW; Shin, HW; You, HS, 2021)
" Adverse events and other safety parameters were noted."( Clinical effects and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: An Indian real-life experience.
Gupte, SA; Jangam, SM; Mudholkar, AS; Shah, AS; Venkataraman, G, 2021)
" No adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes were observed."( Clinical effects and safety of ferric carboxymaltose in pregnancy: An Indian real-life experience.
Gupte, SA; Jangam, SM; Mudholkar, AS; Shah, AS; Venkataraman, G, 2021)
" Adverse effects were assessed."( Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.
Allen, RP; Chen, ML; DelRosso, LM; Ferri, R; Kapoor, V; Mogavero, MP; Picchietti, DL, 2021)
"3%) experienced one or two adverse events; all were mild."( Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder.
Allen, RP; Chen, ML; DelRosso, LM; Ferri, R; Kapoor, V; Mogavero, MP; Picchietti, DL, 2021)
"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are effective for chemotherapy-induced anemia (CIA) but associated with serious adverse events."( Efficacy and safety of ferric carboxymaltose infusion in reducing anemia in patients receiving chemotherapy for nonmyeloid malignancies: A randomized, placebo-controlled study (IRON-CLAD).
Blackman, N; Boccia, R; Gilreath, JA; Henry, DH; Krupa, A; Makharadze, T, 2021)
"Parenteral iron is generally considered safe in adults, and severe adverse events are extremely rare."( Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Children: Report of a Case Series from Greece and Review of the Literature.
Alexiadou, S; Fotoulaki, M; Makis, A; Mantadakis, E; Ntoumpara, M; Panagopoulou, P; Papazoglou, A; Tragiannidis, A, 2022)
" No adverse events were reported."( Effectiveness and safety of an on-demand ferric carboxymaltose infusion strategy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a real world experience.
Casà, A; Crispino, F; Grova, M; Macaluso, FS; Maida, M; Mannino, M; Orlando, A; Renna, S; Rizzuto, G, 2022)
" It is, therefore, a potentially serious adverse effect whose prevalence is unknown and which requires high clinical suspicion to be detected."( Hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, a side effect of iron carboxymaltose administration.
Bernal, L; Gutiérrez Casbas, A; Madero Velázquez, L; Muñoz Pérez, R; Orts, B; Rodríguez, A; Sempere, L, 2022)
" Adverse effects were assessed."( Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment for restless legs symptoms and low serum ferritin in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Cho, Y; DelRosso, LM; Ferri, R; Mogavero, MP; Picchietti, DL; Reuter-Yuill, LM, 2022)
" Adverse effects included lightheadedness, gastrointestinal discomfort, fever, and headache among others."( Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment for restless legs symptoms and low serum ferritin in children with autism spectrum disorder.
Cho, Y; DelRosso, LM; Ferri, R; Mogavero, MP; Picchietti, DL; Reuter-Yuill, LM, 2022)
" Ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), shown to be a safe and effective intravenous iron therapy in other diseases, has not been investigated yet in CAG."( Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Patients with Corpus Atrophic Gastritis: A Retrospective Study.
Annibale, B; Corleone Tsar'kov, D; Dilaghi, E; Dottori, L; Esposito, G; Lahner, E; Ligato, I; Pivetta, G; Scalamonti, S, 2023)
" According to one of the most extensive series published in the literature, iron carboxymaltose is an efficient and safe alternative for cancer patients with iron-deficiency anemia."( Seven-Year Single-Center Experience of the Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose in Cancer Patients with Iron-Deficiency Anemia.
Aksoy, S; Aktaş, BY; Arık, Z; Ata, EB; Çakır, İY; Çeşmeci, E; Coşkunpınar, M; Dizdar, Ö; Güner, G; Güven, DC; Kertmen, N; Tahillioğlu, Y; Yalçın, Ş, 2023)

Bioavailability

ExcerptReference
" Oral iron is a low cost treatment however its effectiveness is limited by low bioavailability and poor tolerability."( State of the iron: how to diagnose and efficiently treat iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
Bhandari, S; Muñoz, M; Reinisch, W; Staun, M, 2013)
" In conclusion, FCM has low bioavailability for liver parenchyma cells, therefore liver iron deposition is unlikely."( Iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose: no correlation between physicochemical stability and biological activity.
Cornelius, C; Goldenberg, H; Haider, K; Praschberger, M; Scheiber-Mojdehkar, B; Schitegg, M; Sturm, B, 2015)
" Oral iron is simple and cheap to administer and does not require hospital visits, but is poorly absorbed in advanced CKD and is associated with unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects."( Iron Treatment Strategies in Nondialysis CKD.
Macdougall, IC, 2016)
" Our data show that the application of (phospho-)proteomics can lead to a better understanding of metabolic processes, including the uptake, biodegradation and bioavailability of nanomedicines."( Uncovering the dynamics of cellular responses induced by iron-carbohydrate complexes in human macrophages using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics.
Ayala-Nunez, V; Barton Alston, AE; Bossart, J; Buljan, M; Digigow, R; Flühmann, B; Rippl, A; Wick, P, 2023)

Dosage Studied

Ferritin and TSAT were serially determined over four weeks. Repeated dosing of ferric carboxymaltose appeared to be safe with an acceptable adverse-event profile in the majority of patients. Costs per 200/500/1,000 mg total dosage treatment cycle were CHF 101/210/420.

ExcerptReference
"The simpler FCM-based dosing regimen showed better efficacy and compliance, as well as a good safety profile, compared with the Ganzoni-calculated IS dose regimen."( FERGIcor, a randomized controlled trial on ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease.
Bokemeyer, B; Chopey, IV; Evstatiev, R; Gasche, C; Gutzwiller, FS; Iqbal, T; Khalif, IL; Marteau, P; Riopel, L; Stein, J, 2011)
" The ICER of FCM compared with placebo was €4414 per QALY gained for the FAIR-HF dosing regimen."( Health economic assessment of ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency and chronic heart failure based on the FAIR-HF trial: an analysis for the UK.
Anker, SD; Blank, PR; Braunhofer, PG; Gutzwiller, FS; Mori, C; Ponikowski, P; Schwenkglenks, M; Szucs, TD, 2012)
" Ferric carboxymaltose has a comparable safety profile to iron sucrose but offers the advantage of a much higher iron dosage at a time reducing the need for repeated applications and increasing patients' comfort."( Intravenous iron treatment in pregnancy: comparison of high-dose ferric carboxymaltose vs. iron sucrose.
Christoph, P; De Tejada, BM; Irion, O; Schuller, C; Studer, H; Surbek, D, 2012)
"Currently available intravenous (IV) iron agents vary in indication, dosing regimens and safety profiles."( Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus standard medical care in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease: a randomized, active-controlled, multi-center study.
Bernardo, MV; Bregman, DB; Butcher, A; Charytan, C; Koch, TA; Morris, D, 2013)
" Costs per 200/500/1,000 mg total dosage treatment cycle were CHF 101/210/420 for ferric carboxymaltose and CHF 144/375/721 for iron sucrose."( Budget impact of parenteral iron treatment of iron deficiency: methodological issues raised by using real-life data.
Braunhofer, P; Brock, E; Schneider, H; Troxler, J, 2014)
"Rigorous data are sparse concerning the optimal route of administration and dosing strategy for iron therapy with or without concomitant erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy for the management of iron deficiency anaemia in patients with non-dialysis dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD)."( The FIND-CKD study--a randomized controlled trial of intravenous iron versus oral iron in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: background and rationale.
Bock, A; Carrera, F; Cushway, T; Eckardt, KU; Gaillard, C; Macdougall, IC; Roger, SD; Roubert, B; Van Wyck, D, 2014)
"FIND-CKD was a 56-week, open-label, multicentre, prospective, randomized three-arm study (NCT00994318) of 626 patients with ND-CKD and iron deficiency anaemia randomized to (i) intravenous (IV) ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) at an initial dose of 1000 mg iron with subsequent dosing as necessary to target a serum ferritin level of 400-600 µg/L (ii) IV FCM at an initial dose of 200 mg with subsequent dosing as necessary to target serum ferritin 100-200 µg/L or (iii) oral ferrous sulphate 200 mg iron/day."( The FIND-CKD study--a randomized controlled trial of intravenous iron versus oral iron in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients: background and rationale.
Bock, A; Carrera, F; Cushway, T; Eckardt, KU; Gaillard, C; Macdougall, IC; Roger, SD; Roubert, B; Van Wyck, D, 2014)
" Hb levels remained stable throughout the study, despite a significant reduction of ESA dosage (from 3426 g/week at baseline to 1116 and 1710 g/week, after 4 and 24 weeks, respectively)."( [Clinical experience with ferric carboxymaltose in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease].
Conte, G; De Nicola, L; Garofalo, C; Liberti, ME; Minutolo, R; Pacilio, M; Provenzano, M; Sagliocca, A; Sagliocchi, A; Santangelo, S; Savino, M; Scarpati, L; Sguazzo, A, )
" Studies were heterogeneous in the number of patients randomised, iron deficiency-related conditions addressed, trial inclusion criteria, time horizon, treatment dosage and outcomes assessed."( Efficacy and Safety of Ferric Carboxymaltose and Other Formulations in Iron-Deficient Patients: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Marmifero, M; Meregaglia, M; Rognoni, C; Tarricone, R; Venturini, S, 2016)
" IV iron can be given as large intermittent doses (loading therapy) or in smaller doses at frequent intervals (maintenance dosing regimen)."( Iron Treatment Strategies in Dialysis-Dependent CKD.
Coyne, DW; Daloul, R; Pandey, R, 2016)
" Iron deficiency was modeled using dosing tables and retreatments were modeled based on a pooled retrospective analysis."( Intravenous iron treatments for iron deficiency anemia in inflammatory bowel disease: a budget impact analysis of iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer) in the UK.
Muduma, G; Pollock, RF, 2017)
" Iron deficits were modeled using dosing tables and a joint distribution of bodyweight [mean 75."( An Economic Evaluation of Iron Isomaltoside 1000 Versus Ferric Carboxymaltose in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Denmark.
Muduma, G; Pollock, RF, 2018)
" The convenient dosing with lesser number of total doses to complete the treatment will lead to better compliance in community setting."( Comparison of ferric Carboxymaltose and iron sucrose complex for treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy- randomised controlled trial.
Bhatla, N; Jose, A; Kalaivani, M; Kriplani, A; Mahey, R; Saxena, R; Sharma, JB, 2019)
"Ferritin and TSAT were serially determined over four weeks after the administration of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) in hemodialysis patients on a stable maintenance FCM dosing regimen of 100 mg or 200 mg every four weeks."( Evaluation of iron stores in hemodialysis patients on maintenance ferric Carboxymaltose dosing.
Diebold, M; Kistler, AD, 2019)
" Temporal coordination of blood sampling for iron status evaluation with the maintenance IV iron dosing schedule is advisable."( Evaluation of iron stores in hemodialysis patients on maintenance ferric Carboxymaltose dosing.
Diebold, M; Kistler, AD, 2019)
" Several IV iron formulations are available with different dosing characteristics affecting infusion speed and maximum dose."( Development of a Resource Impact Model for Clinics Treating Pre-Operative Iron Deficiency Anemia in Ireland.
Loughnane, F; Muduma, G; Pollock, RF, 2020)
" The tool modeled clinic throughput based on their different dosing characteristics in a specific IDA population, capturing fixed overheads, variable costs, clinic income from private and publicly-funded patients, and savings associated with IV iron."( Development of a Resource Impact Model for Clinics Treating Pre-Operative Iron Deficiency Anemia in Ireland.
Loughnane, F; Muduma, G; Pollock, RF, 2020)
" While FCM is reported to induce hypophosphatemia, the frequency of hypophosphatemia after an equivalent dosage of FDI had not been assessed prospectively."( Hypophosphatemia after high-dose iron repletion with ferric carboxymaltose and ferric derisomaltose-the randomized controlled HOMe aFers study.
Böhm, M; Brandenburg, VM; D'Amelio, R; Emrich, IE; Fliser, D; Heine, GH; Kaddu-Mulindwa, D; Lizzi, F; Seiler-Mussler, S; Siegel, JD; Ukena, C; Wagenpfeil, S, 2020)
" Before hospital discharge, participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive intravenous ferric carboxymaltose or placebo for up to 24 weeks, dosed according to the extent of iron deficiency."( Ferric carboxymaltose for iron deficiency at discharge after acute heart failure: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.
Anker, SD; Butler, J; Cohen-Solal, A; Comin-Colet, J; Danchin, N; Dargie, HJ; Doehner, W; Dorobantu, M; Drozdz, J; Fabien, V; Filippatos, G; Friede, T; Göhring, UM; Jankowska, EA; Jensen, KH; Keren, A; Khintibidze, I; Kirwan, BA; Kragten, H; Lewis, BS; Martinez, FA; McDonagh, T; Metra, M; Milicic, D; Motro, M; Nicolau, JC; Ohlsson, M; Parkhomenko, A; Pascual-Figal, DA; Pocock, S; Ponikowski, P; Ruschitzka, F; Sim, D; Skouri, H; van der Meer, P; von Haehling, S, 2020)
" Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent dosing did not differ between groups."( Comparison of Iron Dosing Strategies in Patients Undergoing Long-Term Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Bielesz, B; Gabriel, M; Gleiss, A; Hörl, WH; Lorenz, M; Monteforte, R; Prikoszovich, T; Sunder-Plassmann, G; Wolzt, M, 2021)
" Adults with IBD and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) were randomised 1:1 to receive FCM or FDI at baseline and at Day 35 using identical haemoglobin- and weight-based dosing regimens."( Hypophosphataemia following ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose in patients with iron deficiency anaemia due to inflammatory bowel disease (PHOSPHARE-IBD): a randomised clinical trial.
Blumenstein, I; Iqbal, T; Lindgren, S; Primas, C; Reinisch, W; Thomsen, LL; Wolf, M; Zoller, H, 2023)
" Treatment with ferumoxytol, although more expensive, is cost-effective for outpatients requiring parenteral administration because it requires fewer doses and shorter dosing times per dose."( Ferumoxytol: an emerging therapeutic for iron deficiency anemia.
Nangaku, M; Sakashita, M, 2023)
" The relative incidence of serious or severe HSRs occurring on the day or day after dosing of intravenous iron, recorded under the standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities query for anaphylactic reaction."( A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of the incidence of serious or severe hypersensitivity reactions after administration of ferric derisomaltose or ferric carboxymaltose.
Achebe, MM; Biggar, P; Kennedy, NA; Pöhlmann, J; Pollock, RF, 2023)
" Repeated dosing of ferric carboxymaltose appeared to be safe with an acceptable adverse-event profile in the majority of patients."( Ferric Carboxymaltose in Heart Failure with Iron Deficiency.
Adamczyk, R; Blackman, N; Butler, J; De Pasquale, CG; Ezekowitz, JA; Garg, J; Harrington, J; Hernandez, AF; Lewis, GD; Mentz, RJ; O'Meara, E; Ponikowski, P; Rockhold, FW; She, L; Troughton, RW; Wong, YW, 2023)
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (459)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's14 (3.05)29.6817
2010's264 (57.52)24.3611
2020's181 (39.43)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials128 (27.18%)5.53%
Reviews67 (14.23%)6.00%
Case Studies36 (7.64%)4.05%
Observational28 (5.94%)0.25%
Other212 (45.01%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
glycine
[no description available]		9.411alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		3.8220isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chlorpheniramine
Chlorpheniramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used in allergic reactions, hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma. It has also been used in veterinary applications. One of the most widely used of the classical antihistaminics, it generally causes less drowsiness and sedation than PROMETHAZINE.. chlorphenamine : A tertiary amino compound that is propylamine which is substituted at position 3 by a pyridin-2-yl group and a p-chlorophenyl group and in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by methyl groups. A histamine H1 antagonist, it is used to relieve the symptoms of hay fever, rhinitis, urticaria, and asthma.		2.2510monochlorobenzenes;
pyridines;
tertiary amino compound		anti-allergic agent;
antidepressant;
antipruritic drug;
H1-receptor antagonist;
histamine antagonist;
serotonin uptake inhibitor
diclofenac
Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.		2.2110amino acid;
aromatic amine;
dichlorobenzene;
monocarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound		antipyretic;
drug allergen;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
non-narcotic analgesic;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic
furosemide
Furosemide: A benzoic-sulfonamide-furan. It is a diuretic with fast onset and short duration that is used for EDEMA and chronic RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.. furosemide : A chlorobenzoic acid that is 4-chlorobenzoic acid substituted by a (furan-2-ylmethyl)amino and a sulfamoyl group at position 2 and 5 respectively. It is a diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.		2.1510chlorobenzoic acid;
furans;
sulfonamide		environmental contaminant;
loop diuretic;
xenobiotic
oxybutynin
oxybutynin: RN given refers to parent cpd. oxybutynin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)-oxybutynin and esoxybutynin. An antispasmodic used for the treatment of overactive bladder.		2.1110acetylenic compound;
carboxylic ester;
racemate;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antispasmodic drug;
calcium channel blocker;
local anaesthetic;
muscarinic antagonist;
muscle relaxant;
parasympatholytic
tranexamic acid
Tranexamic Acid: Antifibrinolytic hemostatic used in severe hemorrhage.		6.632amino acid
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		5.0731glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.520amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
cytarabine
[no description available]		7.2110beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
dichloroacetic acid
[no description available]		2.1110monocarboxylic acid;
organochlorine compound		astringent;
marine metabolite
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
isomaltose
[no description available]		3.1210
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		3.1410organic molecular entity
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.3110sodium phosphate
ferrous sulfate
ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.		14.363117iron molecular entity;
metal sulfate		reducing agent
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states.		12.95267
glucaric acid
Glucaric Acid: A sugar acid derived from D-glucose in which both the aldehydic carbon atom and the carbon atom bearing the primary hydroxyl group are oxidized to carboxylic acid groups.. D-glucaric acid : The D-enantiomer of glucaric acid.. glucaric acid : A hexaric acid derived by oxidation of sugar such as glucose with nitric acid.		11.35345glucaric acidantineoplastic agent
valsartan
Valsartan: A tetrazole derivative and ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKER that is used to treat HYPERTENSION.. valsartan : A monocarboxylic acid amide consisting of L-valine in which the amino hydrogens have been replaced by a pentanoyl and a [2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl group. It exhibits antihypertensive activity.		4.220biphenylyltetrazole;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monocarboxylic acid		angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		3.8620D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
imatinib mesylate
imatinib methanesulfonate : A methanesulfonate (mesylate) salt that is the monomesylate salt of imatinib. Used for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumours.		2.1110methanesulfonate saltanticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
tamsulosin
[no description available]		2.11105-(2-{[2-(2-ethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino}propyl)-2-methoxybenzenesulfonamidealpha-adrenergic antagonist;
antineoplastic agent
ivabradine
Ivabradine: A benzazepine derivative and selective HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATED CHANNELS inhibitor that lowers the heart rate. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC STABLE ANGINA in patients unable to take BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKERS, and in the treatment of HEART FAILURE.. ivabradine : A member of the class of benzazepines that is 7,8-dimethoxy-1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-benzazepin-2-one in which the amide hydrogen is replaced by a [{[(7S)-3,4-dimethoxybicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-yl]methyl}(methyl)amino]propyl} group. Used (as its hydrochloride salt) to treat patients with angina who have intolerance to beta blockers and/or heart failure.		3.2310aromatic ether;
benzazepine;
carbobicyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		cardiotonic drug
ferric maltol
ferric maltol: potential use as an oral therapy for iron deficiency anemia		11.0331
3-nitrotyrosine
3-nitrotyrosine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation. 3-nitrotyrosine : A nitrotyrosine comprising tyrosine having a nitro group at the 3-position on the phenyl ring.		2.5202-nitrophenols;
C-nitro compound;
nitrotyrosine;
non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid
amylopectin
Amylopectin: A highly branched glucan in starch.. amylopectin : A polydisperse highly branched polysaccharide derivative composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage. The chains are joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some 6-phosphate ester groups also may occur. The branches in amylopectin typically contain 24 to 30 glucose residues.		2.1710
ferric hydroxide
ferric hydroxide: additional RNs for iron hydroxide oxide: 11115-92-7, 20344-49-4; RN for unspecified iron hydroxide: 11113-66-9		3.1810
glycosides
[no description available]		2.3110
ferlixit
ferlixit: used to induce siderosis in femal Wistar albino rats		9.17121polymer
calcitriol
dihydroxy-vitamin D3: as a major in vitro metabolite of 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, produced in primary cultures of neonatal human keratinocytes		6.0321D3 vitamins;
hydroxycalciol;
triol		antineoplastic agent;
antipsoriatic;
bone density conservation agent;
calcium channel agonist;
calcium channel modulator;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunomodulator;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
cholecalciferol
Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone.		2.1310D3 vitamins;
hydroxy seco-steroid;
seco-cholestane;
secondary alcohol;
steroid hormone		geroprotector;
human metabolite
fumarates
Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-)		5.9821butenedioate;
C4-dicarboxylate		human metabolite;
metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		9.1730monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
ferrous fumarate
ferrous fumarate: used in treatment of iron deficiency anemia; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt		11.2632dicarboxylic acid
dutasteride
Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.. dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland.		2.1110(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
aza-steroid;
delta-lactam		antihyperplasia drug;
EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination
Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination: A fixed-ratio combination of amoxicillin trihydrate and potassium clavulanate.		2.1110
mirabegron
mirabegron: a beta3-adrenergic receptor agonist; structure in first source. mirabegron : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-ylacetic acid with the anilino group of (1R)-2-{[2-(4-aminophenyl)ethyl]amino}-1-phenylethanol. Used for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome.		2.11101,3-thiazoles;
aromatic amide;
ethanolamines;
monocarboxylic acid amide		beta-adrenergic agonist
acebutolol
alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.		23.26444139alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
omecamtiv mecarbil
[no description available]		3.8220ureas
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		11.94199
empagliflozin
[no description available]		7.610aromatic ether;
C-glycosyl compound;
monochlorobenzenes;
tetrahydrofuryl ether		hypoglycemic agent;
sodium-glucose transport protein subtype 2 inhibitor
ferryl iron
[no description available]		2.8220
perferryl iron
[no description available]		3.9911
ferrous gluconate
ferrous gluconate: iron important in this cpd; RN given refers to ferrous cpd		6.2431
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		3.6920
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.1310polypeptide
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.1110ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
vericiguat
vericiguat: a guanylate cyclase stimulator; FDA approved for the treatment of chronic heart failure.. vericiguat : A pyrazolopyridine that is 5-fluoro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine in which the amino hydrogen at position 1 has been substituted by a 2-fluorobenzyl group and the hydrogen at position 3 has been substituted by a 4,6-diamino-5-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]pyrimidin-2-yl group. It is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator which is used for treatment of chronic heart failure.		3.4110aminopyrimidine;
carbamate ester;
organofluorine compound;
pyrazolopyridine		antihypertensive agent;
soluble guanylate cyclase activator;
vasodilator agent
teferrol
[no description available]		6.4561
ferric oxide, saccharated
Ferric Oxide, Saccharated: A glucaric acid-iron conjugate that is used in the treatment of IRON-DEFICIENCY ANEMIA, including in patients with chronic kidney disease, when oral iron therapy is ineffective or impractical.		14.916613
epoetin alfa
Epoetin Alfa: A recombinant glycosylated form of erythropoietin which stimulates the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid precursors. It is used for the treatment of ANEMIA associated with CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE in dialysis and predialysis patients.		4.2131
vitamin b 12
Vitamin B 12: A cobalt-containing coordination compound produced by intestinal micro-organisms and found also in soil and water. Higher plants do not concentrate vitamin B 12 from the soil and so are a poor source of the substance as compared with animal tissues. INTRINSIC FACTOR is important for the assimilation of vitamin B 12.		6.2632
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		2.31105-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		7.6844folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
dinitrobenzenes
Dinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with two nitro groups in the ortho, meta or para positions.		2.0810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anemias, Iron-Deficiency
[description not available]		023.19391159
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		013.23211
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency
Anemia characterized by decreased or absent iron stores, low serum iron concentration, low transferrin saturation, and low hemoglobin concentration or hematocrit value. The erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and the iron binding capacity is increased.		023.19391159
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		013.23211
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
A progressive rare pulmonary disease characterized by high blood pressure in the PULMONARY ARTERY.		07.3110
Restless Leg Syndrome
[description not available]		08.98146
Excessive Periodic Sleep-Related Leg Movements
[description not available]		02.3110
Restless Legs Syndrome
A disorder characterized by aching or burning sensations in the lower and rarely the upper extremities that occur prior to sleep or may awaken the patient from sleep.		08.98146
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		020.2616686
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		020.2616686
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		08.46142
Anemia
A reduction in the number of circulating ERYTHROCYTES or in the quantity of HEMOGLOBIN.		016.299044
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		08.46142
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.4476
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		07.4476
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		015.434821
Generalized Resistance To 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
[description not available]		03.6420
Adult Rickets
[description not available]		04.5870
Osteomalacia
Disorder caused by an interruption of the mineralization of organic bone matrix leading to bone softening, bone pain, and weakness. It is the adult form of rickets resulting from disruption of VITAMIN D; PHOSPHORUS; or CALCIUM homeostasis.		09.5870
Hypophosphatemia
A condition of an abnormally low level of PHOSPHATES in the blood.		014.75714
Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets
A hereditary disorder characterized by HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA; RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; renal defects in phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D metabolism; and growth retardation. Autosomal and X-linked dominant and recessive variants have been reported.		03.6420
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		015.965442
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory
[description not available]		011.46345
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		015.965442
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.		011.46345
Complications, Hematologic Pregnancy
[description not available]		08.44111
Right Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		03.811
Airflow Obstruction, Chronic
[description not available]		05.0132
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.		05.0132
Left Ventricular Dysfunction
[description not available]		018.834037
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
A condition in which the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart was functionally impaired. This condition usually leads to HEART FAILURE; MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; and other cardiovascular complications. Diagnosis is made by measuring the diminished ejection fraction and a depressed level of motility of the left ventricular wall.		013.834037
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
[description not available]		05.2752
Menorrhagia
Excessive uterine bleeding during MENSTRUATION.		010.2752
Ulcer
A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue.		02.6920
Cardiovascular Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.		09.2171
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.4110
Dysmyelopoietic Syndromes
[description not available]		02.4110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.4110
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.		02.4110
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		07.8444
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		07.8444
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Wide continuum of associated cognitive and neurobehavioral disorders, including, but not limited to, three core-defining features: impairments in socialization, impairments in verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviors. (from DSM-V)		07.4110
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.4110
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		011.292010
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.4110
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		011.292010
Anaphylactic Reaction
[description not available]		04.5440
Allergy, Drug
[description not available]		06.0951
Anaphylaxis
An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.		04.5440
Drug Hypersensitivity
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.		06.0951
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		04.21110
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		04.21110
Long Sleeper Syndrome
[description not available]		05.3431
Sleep Wake Disorders
Abnormal sleep-wake schedule or pattern associated with the CIRCADIAN RHYTHM which affect the length, timing, and/or rigidity of the sleep-wake cycle relative to the day-night cycle.		05.3431
Acantholysis Bullosa
[description not available]		02.610
Epidermolysis Bullosa
Group of genetically determined disorders characterized by the blistering of skin and mucosae. There are four major forms: acquired, simple, junctional, and dystrophic. Each of the latter three has several varieties.		07.610
Methemoglobinemia
The presence of methemoglobin in the blood, resulting in cyanosis. A small amount of methemoglobin is present in the blood normally, but injury or toxic agents convert a larger proportion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin, which does not function reversibly as an oxygen carrier. Methemoglobinemia may be due to a defect in the enzyme NADH methemoglobin reductase (an autosomal recessive trait) or to an abnormality in hemoglobin M (an autosomal dominant trait). (Dorland, 27th ed)		08.1410
Hematochezia
The passage of bright red blood from the rectum. The blood may or may not be mixed with formed stool in the form of blood, blood clots, bloody stool or diarrhea.		05.6251
Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.		05.6251
Birth Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		03.9911
Infections, Plasmodium
[description not available]		04.2431
Malaria
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.		09.2431
Kidney Failure
A severe irreversible decline in the ability of kidneys to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism.		04.7732
Renal Insufficiency
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.		04.7732
Hypocalcemia
Reduction of the blood calcium below normal. Manifestations include hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, Chvostek's sign, muscle and abdominal cramps, and carpopedal spasm. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.5920
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		03.9911
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		03.9821
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		03.9821
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
[description not available]		02.610
Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary
Abnormally elevated PARATHYROID HORMONE secretion as a response to HYPOCALCEMIA. It is caused by chronic KIDNEY FAILURE or other abnormalities in the controls of bone and mineral metabolism, leading to various BONE DISEASES, such as RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY.		02.610
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		06.0952
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.610
Gastritis, Atrophic
GASTRITIS with atrophy of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS, and the mucosal glands leading to ACHLORHYDRIA. Atrophic gastritis usually progresses from chronic gastritis.		02.610
Diffuse Myofascial Pain Syndrome
[description not available]		02.610
Ache
[description not available]		02.610
Fibromyalgia
A common nonarticular rheumatic syndrome characterized by myalgia and multiple points of focal muscle tenderness to palpation (trigger points). Muscle pain is typically aggravated by inactivity or exposure to cold. This condition is often associated with general symptoms, such as sleep disturbances, fatigue, stiffness, HEADACHES, and occasionally DEPRESSION. There is significant overlap between fibromyalgia and the chronic fatigue syndrome (FATIGUE SYNDROME, CHRONIC). Fibromyalgia may arise as a primary or secondary disease process. It is most frequent in females aged 20 to 50 years. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1494-95)		07.610
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		07.610
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		04.4720
Adverse Effects, Long Term
[description not available]		03.1710
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		04.4720
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		06.4680
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		011.4680
Blood Loss, Postoperative
[description not available]		08.7864
Blood Loss, Surgical
Loss of blood during a surgical procedure.		011.02139
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		06.9742
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		05.5580
Anemia, Cooley's
[description not available]		02.2110
beta-Thalassemia
A disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of the beta chains of hemoglobin. There is retardation of hemoglobin A synthesis in the heterozygous form (thalassemia minor), which is asymptomatic, while in the homozygous form (thalassemia major, Cooley's anemia, Mediterranean anemia, erythroblastic anemia), which can result in severe complications and even death, hemoglobin A synthesis is absent.		02.2110
Bilateral Headache
[description not available]		09.8799
Headache
The symptom of PAIN in the cranial region. It may be an isolated benign occurrence or manifestation of a wide variety of HEADACHE DISORDERS.		09.8799
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		010.96119
Extravasation of Contrast Media
[description not available]		02.9330
Allergic Reaction
[description not available]		02.5320
Hypersensitivity
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.		02.5320
Morbid Obesity
[description not available]		03.7730
Obesity, Morbid
The condition of weighing two, three, or more times the ideal weight, so called because it is associated with many serious and life-threatening disorders. In the BODY MASS INDEX, morbid obesity is defined as having a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2.		03.7730
Acute Generalised Exanthematous Pustulosis
[description not available]		02.2510
Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome
[description not available]		04.5511
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic
A syndrome characterized by persistent or recurrent fatigue, diffuse musculoskeletal pain, sleep disturbances, and subjective cognitive impairment of 6 months duration or longer. Symptoms are not caused by ongoing exertion; are not relieved by rest; and result in a substantial reduction of previous levels of occupational, educational, social, or personal activities. Minor alterations of immune, neuroendocrine, and autonomic function may be associated with this syndrome. There is also considerable overlap between this condition and FIBROMYALGIA. (From Semin Neurol 1998;18(2):237-42; Ann Intern Med 1994 Dec 15;121(12): 953-9)		04.5511
Hospital-Acquired Condition
[description not available]		02.2510
Siderosis
A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of iron in the mining dust or welding fumes.		02.2510
Dermatoses
[description not available]		02.2510
Skin Diseases
Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.		02.2510
Deficiency, Vitamin D
[description not available]		02.5820
Vitamin D Deficiency
A nutritional condition produced by a deficiency of VITAMIN D in the diet, insufficient production of vitamin D in the skin, inadequate absorption of vitamin D from the diet, or abnormal conversion of vitamin D to its bioactive metabolites. It is manifested clinically as RICKETS in children and OSTEOMALACIA in adults. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1406)		02.5820
Cancer of Endometrium
[description not available]		02.2510
Endometrial Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.		02.2510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		08.0192
Colitis, Granulomatous
[description not available]		07.62111
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		08.0192
Crohn Disease
A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.		07.62111
Breathlessness
[description not available]		03.6411
Dyspnea
Difficult or labored breathing.		03.6411
Iron Metabolism Disorders
Disorders in the processing of iron in the body: its absorption, transport, storage, and utilization. (From Mosby's Medical, Nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 4th ed)		06.1752
Deficiency of GP 2b 3a Complex
[description not available]		02.3110
Lassitude
[description not available]		06.0433
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		011.0433
Infant, Small for Gestational Age
An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.		02.3110
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in the lower part of the RECTUM or ANUS. Hemorrhoids can be inside the anus (internal), under the skin around the anus (external), or protruding from inside to outside of the anus. People with hemorrhoids may or may not exhibit symptoms which include bleeding, itching, and pain.		02.3110
Anemia, Hypochromic
Anemia characterized by a decrease in the ratio of the weight of hemoglobin to the volume of the erythrocyte, i.e., the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration is less than normal. The individual cells contain less hemoglobin than they could have under optimal conditions. Hypochromic anemia may be caused by iron deficiency from a low iron intake, diminished iron absorption, or excessive iron loss. It can also be caused by infections or other diseases, therapeutic drugs, lead poisoning, and other conditions. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Miale, Laboratory Medicine: Hematology, 6th ed, p393)		03.2310
Malabsorption Syndromes
General term for a group of MALNUTRITION syndromes caused by failure of normal INTESTINAL ABSORPTION of nutrients.		03.4720
Systolic Heart Failure
[description not available]		02.3110
Heart Failure, Systolic
Heart failure caused by abnormal myocardial contraction during SYSTOLE leading to defective cardiac emptying.		02.3110
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
[description not available]		02.3110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.3110
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.3110
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		07.3110
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Enlargement of the LEFT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is attributed to sustained abnormal pressure or volume loads and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.3110
Auricular Fibrillation
[description not available]		03.711
Atrial Fibrillation
Abnormal cardiac rhythm that is characterized by rapid, uncoordinated firing of electrical impulses in the upper chambers of the heart (HEART ATRIA). In such case, blood cannot be effectively pumped into the lower chambers of the heart (HEART VENTRICLES). It is caused by abnormal impulse generation.		08.711
Chronic Kidney Failure
[description not available]		08.7392
Kidney Failure, Chronic
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.		08.7392
Femur Neck Fractures
[description not available]		02.1510
Diabetes, Phosphate
[description not available]		02.1510
Femoral Neck Fractures
Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.		02.1510
Hypophosphatemia, Familial
An inherited condition of abnormally low serum levels of PHOSPHATES (below 1 mg/liter) which can occur in a number of genetic diseases with defective reabsorption of inorganic phosphorus by the PROXIMAL RENAL TUBULES. This leads to phosphaturia, HYPOPHOSPHATEMIA, and disturbances of cellular and organ functions such as those in X-LINKED HYPOPHOSPHATEMIC RICKETS; OSTEOMALACIA; and FANCONI SYNDROME.		02.1510
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.5820
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.5820
Hypophosphatasia
A genetic metabolic disorder resulting from serum and bone alkaline phosphatase deficiency leading to hypercalcemia, ethanolamine phosphatemia, and ethanolamine phosphaturia. Clinical manifestations include severe skeletal defects resembling vitamin D-resistant rickets, failure of the calvarium to calcify, dyspnea, cyanosis, vomiting, constipation, renal calcinosis, failure to thrive, disorders of movement, beading of the costochondral junction, and rachitic bone changes. (From Dorland, 27th ed)		03.5611
Complications, Pregnancy
[description not available]		04.832
Malnourishment
[description not available]		02.5320
Malnutrition
An imbalanced nutritional status resulting from insufficient intake of nutrients to meet normal physiological requirement.		02.5320
Exanthem
[description not available]		02.1710
Exanthema
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.		02.1710
Hemorrhage, Uterine
[description not available]		08.9665
Uterine Hemorrhage
Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.		08.9665
Abnormality, Heart
[description not available]		02.1710
Pulmonary Hypertension
[description not available]		02.8130
Erythrocytosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Heart Defects, Congenital
Developmental abnormalities involving structures of the heart. These defects are present at birth but may be discovered later in life.		02.1710
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.		02.8130
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		05.3343
Metabolic Acidosis
[description not available]		02.1710
Acidosis
A pathologic condition of acid accumulation or depletion of base in the body. The two main types are RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS and metabolic acidosis, due to metabolic acid build up.		02.1710
Hyperparathyroidism
A condition of abnormally elevated output of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH) triggering responses that increase blood CALCIUM. It is characterized by HYPERCALCEMIA and BONE RESORPTION, eventually leading to bone diseases. PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is caused by parathyroid HYPERPLASIA or PARATHYROID NEOPLASMS. SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM is increased PTH secretion in response to HYPOCALCEMIA, usually caused by chronic KIDNEY DISEASES.		04.4811
Incontinentia Pigmenti Achromians
[description not available]		02.2110
Colonic Diseases
Pathological processes in the COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).		02.2110
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		08.1165
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		08.1165
Thrombocythemia
[description not available]		05.7121
Apoplexy
[description not available]		03.4811
Stroke
A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)		03.4811
Deficiency Diseases
A condition produced by dietary or metabolic deficiency. The term includes all diseases caused by an insufficient supply of essential nutrients, i.e., protein (or amino acids), vitamins, and minerals. It also includes an inadequacy of calories. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Stedman, 25th ed)		05.131
Chronic Hepatitis C
[description not available]		02.110
Hepatitis C, Chronic
INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans that is caused by HEPATITIS C VIRUS lasting six months or more. Chronic hepatitis C can lead to LIVER CIRRHOSIS.		02.110
Binge Eating
[description not available]		02.110
Weight Reduction
[description not available]		02.110
Anorexia
The lack or loss of APPETITE accompanied by an aversion to food and the inability to eat. It is the defining characteristic of the disorder ANOREXIA NERVOSA.		02.110
Bulimia
Eating an excess amount of food in a short period of time, as seen in the disorder of BULIMIA NERVOSA. It is caused by an abnormal craving for food, or insatiable hunger also known as ox hunger.		02.110
Weight Loss
Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.		02.110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		04.411
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		04.411
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		04.4722
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		04.4722
Affective Disorders
[description not available]		03.4811
Mood Disorders
Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.		03.4811
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma
[description not available]		03.4811
Kahler Disease
[description not available]		03.4811
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.4811
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.		03.4811
Multiple Myeloma
A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.		03.4811
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.		03.4811
Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular
Enlargement of the RIGHT VENTRICLE of the heart. This increase in ventricular mass is often attributed to PULMONARY HYPERTENSION and is a contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.		02.1110
Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling
[description not available]		02.1110
E coli Infections
[description not available]		02.1110
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.1110
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder that is characterized by the lack or loss of APPETITE, known as ANOREXIA. Other features include excess fear of becoming OVERWEIGHT; BODY IMAGE disturbance; significant WEIGHT LOSS; refusal to maintain minimal normal weight; and AMENORRHEA. This disorder occurs most frequently in adolescent females. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)		02.1110
Escherichia coli Infections
Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.		02.1110
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		02.1110
Hematologic Malignancies
[description not available]		02.5420
Hematologic Neoplasms
Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.		02.5420
Hyperlipoproteinemia
[description not available]		02.1110
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Conditions with abnormally elevated levels of LIPOPROTEINS in the blood. They may be inherited, acquired, primary, or secondary. Hyperlipoproteinemias are classified according to the pattern of lipoproteins on electrophoresis or ultracentrifugation.		02.1110
Urinary Tract Diseases
[description not available]		02.1110
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		05.3750
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		05.3750
Hemorrhagic Shock
[description not available]		02.1110
Intertrochanteric Fractures
[description not available]		09.3888
Hip Fractures
Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).		09.3888
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		03.8921
Critical Illness
A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.		04.4311
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		03.0410
Puerperal Disorders
Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.		05.2741
Iron Overload
An excessive accumulation of iron in the body due to a greater than normal absorption of iron from the gastrointestinal tract or from parenteral injection. This may arise from idiopathic hemochromatosis, excessive iron intake, chronic alcoholism, certain types of refractory anemia, or transfusional hemosiderosis. (From Churchill's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 1989)		02.0510
Kidney, Polycystic
[description not available]		02.0510
Polycystic Kidney Diseases
Hereditary diseases that are characterized by the progressive expansion of a large number of tightly packed CYSTS within the KIDNEYS. They include diseases with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive inheritance.		02.0510
Bleeding
[description not available]		04.3120
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		04.3120
Proteinuria
The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.0610
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.0710
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.0710
Osteoporotic Fractures
Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.		07.544
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		04.9340
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		04.9340
Cystic Fibrosis of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.0710
Disease, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.0710
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.		02.0710
Lung Diseases
Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.		02.0710
Thromboembolism
Obstruction of a blood vessel (embolism) by a blood clot (THROMBUS) in the blood stream.		03.9210
Dyslipidemia
[description not available]		03.4711
Dyslipidemias
Abnormalities in the serum levels of LIPIDS, including overproduction or deficiency. Abnormal serum lipid profiles may include high total CHOLESTEROL, high TRIGLYCERIDES, low HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, and elevated LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL.		03.4711