| Compound | Description |
|---|
| phosphorylcholine | Calcium and magnesium salts used therapeutically in hepatobiliary dysfunction. |
| taurine | A conditionally essential nutrient, important during mammalian development. It is present in milk but is isolated mostly from ox bile and strongly conjugates bile acids. |
| Glutathione | A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides. |
| 5-methyltetrahydrofolate | |
| folic acid | A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. |
| cytidine diphosphate choline | Donor of choline in biosynthesis of choline-containing phosphoglycerides. |
| betaine | A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) |
| choline | A basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs. It is important as a precursor of acetylcholine, as a methyl donor in various metabolic processes, and in lipid metabolism. |
| s-adenosylmethionine | Physiologic methyl radical donor involved in enzymatic transmethylation reactions and present in all living organisms. It possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has been used in treatment of chronic liver disease. (From Merck, 11th ed) |
| cysteine | A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE. |
| methionine | A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions. |
| glutathione disulfide | A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized. |
| pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid | A cyclized derivative of L-GLUTAMIC ACID. Elevated blood levels may be associated with problems of GLUTAMINE or GLUTATHIONE metabolism. |
| glycine | A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter. |
| 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid | RN given refers to (DL)-isomer |
| 10-formyldihydrofolate | methotrexate metabolite; inhibits thymidylate synthetase and glycinamide ribotide transformylase |
| phosphorylethanolamine | RN given refers to parent cpd; structure |
| sarcosine | An amino acid intermediate in the metabolism of choline. |
| cdp ethanolamine | |
| gamma-glutamylcysteine | |
| d-glutamate | |
| 2-ketobutyrate | |
| Cystathionine | Sulfur-containing amino acid formed as an intermediate in the conversion of METHIONINE to CYSTEINE. |
| serine | A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids. |
| dimethylglycine | metabolic product of calcium pangamate; mutagen when mixed with nitrite; RN given refers to parent cpd |
| ethanolamine | A viscous, hygroscopic amino alcohol with an ammoniacal odor. It is widely distributed in biological tissue and is a component of lecithin. It is used as a surfactant, fluorimetric reagent, and to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas and other gases. |
| gamma-glutamyl-alpha-aminobutyrate | natural substrate of glutathione synthetase |
| ophthalmic acid | glutathione analog in which cysteine moiety is replaced by L-aminobutyrate |
| Homocysteine | A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE. |
| alpha-aminobutyric acid, (S)-isomer | |
| hypotaurine | intermediate in production of taurine in the liver; structure |
| cysteine sulfinic acid | metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids |
| taurochenodeoxycholic acid | A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilize fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. |
| s-adenosylhomocysteine | 5'-S-(3-Amino-3-carboxypropyl)-5'-thioadenosine. Formed from S-adenosylmethionine after transmethylation reactions. |
| creolin | from refined coal tar oils |