Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Acquired Agraphia

Some authorities use this term interchangeably with Agraphia and some do not.

Synonyms(8)

Synonym
Dysgraphia
Developmental Agraphia
Constructional Agraphia
Acquired Agraphia
Pure Agraphia
Acquired Dysgraphia
Developmental Dysgraphia
Agraphia

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Dysgraphia is a possible adverse drug reaction to sertraline, and we suggest that inhibition of extrapyramidal dopaminergic activity might be the pharmacological mechanism."( Antoniazzi, S; Carnovale, C; Clementi, E; Galimberti, C; Gentili, M; Marinaccio, PM; Pozzi, M; Radice, S; ViganĂ², C, 2016)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"A basilar migraine with alexia without agraphia and episodes of dysmnesia was treated with naloxone."( Antoine, JC; Laurent, B; Michel, D; Montagnon, D, 1984)

Research

Studies (41)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199013 (31.71)23.3326
1990's7 (17.07)12.5806
2000's5 (12.20)18.1394
2010's14 (34.15)28.8240
2020's2 (4.88)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
carbon monoxide0low10
choline0low20
salicylic acid0low10
antipyrine0low10
carbamazepine0low20
clonazepam0low10
flumazenil0low10
fluorouracil0low10
iofetamine0low20
edaravone0low10
methylphenidate0low10
pyrimethamine0low10
sulfadiazine0low10
aspartic acid0low10
levodopa0low10
thiazoles0low10
technetium0low10
fomesafen0low20
capecitabine0low10
n-acetylaspartic acid0low10
xenon radioisotopes0low20
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low20
sertraline0low10
homocysteine0low10
deoxyglucose0low10
2-(4'-(methylamino)phenyl)-6-hydroxybenzothiazole0low10
thiopental0low10
naloxone0low10
cysteine0low20
ro 16-01540low10
technetium tc 99m exametazime0low10
warfarin0low10
vitamin b 120low10
acyclovir0low10
levoleucovorin0low10
folic acid0low10
technetium tc 99m bicisate0low20

Protein Targets (459)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Amyloid-beta precursor protein1203
Chain E, Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
Thymidine kinase 0101
thioredoxin reductase6006
phosphopantetheinyl transferase5005
GLS protein2002
TDP1 protein7007
Smad33003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor7007
EWS/FLI fusion protein6006
arylsulfatase A6006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 28008
activating transcription factor 62002
Histone H2A.x5005
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
hemoglobin subunit beta2002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor3003
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
lamin isoform A-delta107007
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0103
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30808
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40809
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Bile salt export pump0404
Bile salt export pump013013
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0001
POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 20001
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0707
Cytochrome P450 2J20505
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60102
Thymidine kinase 0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 80102
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10808
Thymidine kinase0101
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
USP1 protein, partial5005
GLI family zinc finger 36006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]7007
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 16006
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha120012
67.9K protein5005
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta4004
chromobox protein homolog 15005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a3003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 27007
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 15005
geminin110011
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0202
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE7007
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE5005
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A18008
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 60011
Excitatory amino acid transporter 40101
Glutamate transporter homolog0011
Carbonic anhydrase 10305
Carbonic anhydrase 20305
N(4)-(beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl)-L-asparaginase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0102
Excitatory amino acid transporter 10101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 20101
Excitatory amino acid transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0102
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 10011
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 20011
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0102
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0102
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma7007
Liver carboxylesterase 10001
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
acetylcholinesterase3003
AR protein6006
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha7007
pregnane X nuclear receptor7007
IDH15005
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 11001
Vpr2002
Albumin0022
Major prion protein0011
Cellular tumor antigen p535005
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70002
Cytochrome P450 2B60011
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0102
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20303
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0202
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40101
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Acetylcholinesterase0011
Chain A, Putative Glycine Betaine-binding Abc Transporter Protein0011
Chain A, PUTATIVE GLYCINE BETAINE-BINDING ABC TRANSPORTER PROTEIN0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Choline-binding protein0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Solute carrier family 22 member 10203
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20303
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-30101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-40101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-50101
Acetylcholinesterase0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent creatine transporter 10101
Choline O-acetyltransferase 0001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-60101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-90101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70202
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
High affinity choline transporter 10101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-100101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase4004
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi2406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-12406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta2406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-22406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-52406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-32406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20304
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-12406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-22406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-42406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-32406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-62406
Translocator protein0101
Translocator protein0101
Cholecystokinin receptor type A0101
Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-12406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-32406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-22406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10303
GABA theta subunit2406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30303
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon2406
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0303
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase5005
SMAD family member 22002
SMAD family member 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau2002
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
G2002
cytochrome P450 2D63003
glucocerebrosidase2002
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma5005
caspase-31001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
flap endonuclease 15005
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor2002
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 12002
replicative DNA helicase0001
recombinase A0011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90002
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B170001
Interferon beta5005
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-60001
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0001
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A70001
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
endonuclease IV2002
progesterone receptor5005
regulator of G-protein signaling 42002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
TAR DNA-binding protein 431001
Chain A, Uracil Phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Luciferase3003
interleukin 81001
glp-1 receptor, partial5005
Skn7p0001
pregnane X receptor2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit2002
Thrombopoietin1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)2002
nonstructural protein 12002
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
huntingtin isoform 21001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
peripheral myelin protein 225005
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit2002
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0202
Thymidylate synthase0202
Aromatase0101
Glutamate receptor 22002
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 52002
Ataxin-24004
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]0001
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
acid sphingomyelinase1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor3003
alpha-galactosidase1001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
DNA polymerase beta1001
Thymidylate synthase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0225
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Alpha-synuclein1001
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Multidrug resistance associated protein0001
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10101
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A1001
dopamine D1 receptor1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
WRN1001
integrase, partial0101
lens epithelium-derived growth factor p750101
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
pyruvate kinase1001
hexokinase-4 isoform 11001
glucokinase regulatory protein1001
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
Polyphenol oxidase 20103
Carbonic anhydrase 120102
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30102
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Tyrosinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40102
Carbonic anhydrase 60203
Adenosine receptor A10001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0102
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 150102
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Carbonic anhydrase 140102
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0102
phosphoglycerate kinase1001
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0415
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0415
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0415
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
Solute carrier family 22 member 200202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Histidine decarboxylase0011
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A10101
Delta-type opioid receptor0214
Delta-type opioid receptor0224
Kappa-type opioid receptor0102
Mu-type opioid receptor0224
Kappa-type opioid receptor0123
Mu-type opioid receptor0214
Delta-type opioid receptor0214
Kappa-type opioid receptor0213
Kappa-type opioid receptor0225
Mu-type opioid receptor0102
Mu-type opioid receptor0213
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10303
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Fumarate hydratase2002
GALC protein1001
polyprotein2002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
dual specificity protein phosphatase 30101
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform c0101
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 isoform 10101
streptokinase A precursor0011
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Integrin beta-31001
Estrogen receptor0011
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit alpha0102
Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta0101
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Substance-K receptor0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Spike glycoprotein2002
Pteridine reductase 10101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 50011
Estrogen receptor beta0011
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 12002
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Albumin0112
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Stromelysin-10011
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
High mobility group protein B10011
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
PPM1D protein2002
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Cytochrome P450 3A40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Transcriptional activator protein LuxR0101
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
D0101
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 20101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Sigma intracellular receptor 20101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 0202
Transporter0101
Aurora kinase A0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 10101
Protease 0101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]