4-Cymene, also known as p-cymene, is a monoterpene found in various essential oils, including thyme, oregano, and cumin. It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant, aromatic odor. Its synthesis can be achieved through various methods, including the reaction of p-xylene with propene in the presence of a catalyst. 4-Cymene exhibits antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. It has also been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. Research into 4-cymene focuses on its potential therapeutic applications, particularly its ability to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and reduce inflammation. The compound's presence in essential oils and its biological activities make it a subject of ongoing study.'
4-cymene: structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
p-cymene : A monoterpene that is toluene substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 7463 |
| CHEMBL ID | 442915 |
| CHEBI ID | 28768 |
| MeSH ID | M0050260 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 4939-75-7 |
| cymene |
| 4-isopropyl-1-methylbenzene |
| cymol |
| dolcymene |
| 1-methyl-4-isopropylbenzene |
| benzene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)- |
| 2-p-tolylpropane |
| nsc-4162 |
| 1-isopropyl-4-methylbenzene |
| p-methylisopropylbenzene |
| camphogen |
| wln: 1y1 & r d1 |
| benzene, 1-isopropyl-4-methyl- |
| nsc4162 |
| p-cymol |
| cumene, p-methyl- |
| 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene |
| p-isopropyltoluene |
| p-cimene |
| CHEBI:28768 , |
| para-cymene |
| 4-methyl-1-isopropylbenzene |
| 4-cymene |
| isopropyltoluene |
| p-methylcumene |
| 1-methyl-4-(propan-2-yl)benzene |
| 4-isopropyltoluene |
| 4-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)benzene |
| methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)benzene |
| 4-methyl isopropylbenzene |
| p-methyl cumene |
| ai3-02272 |
| cymene, p- |
| hsdb 5128 |
| 4-methylisopropylbenzene |
| nsc 4162 |
| paracymene |
| p-cymene [un2046] [flammable liquid] |
| einecs 202-796-7 |
| paracymol |
| fema no. 2356 |
| p-isopropylmethylbenzene |
| benzene,1-isopropyl,4-methyl p-cymene |
| inchi=1/c10h14/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4-8h,1-3h |
| p-cymene |
| C06575 |
| 99-87-6 |
| 1-isopropyl-4-methyl-benzene |
| p-cymene, >=97%, fg |
| p-cymene, 99% |
| LMPR0102090014 |
| p-cymene [un2046] [flammable liquid] |
| 4-isopropylbenzyl radical |
| 1-methyl-4-propan-2-ylbenzene |
| BMSE000503 |
| CHEMBL442915 |
| S0664 |
| AKOS000121521 |
| NCGC00247998-01 |
| NCGC00247998-02 |
| mml , |
| NCGC00254425-01 |
| NCGC00259481-01 |
| tox21_300338 |
| dtxcid006645 |
| dtxsid3026645 , |
| cas-99-87-6 |
| tox21_201932 |
| 4-isopropyltoluol |
| 4-cymol |
| unii-1g1c8t1n7q |
| 1g1c8t1n7q , |
| ec 202-796-7 |
| FT-0689324 |
| cymene [mart.] |
| p-cymene [mi] |
| p-cymene [hsdb] |
| p-cymene [who-dd] |
| p-cymene [fcc] |
| p-cymene [inci] |
| p-cymene [fhfi] |
| S5598 |
| para cymene |
| W-100013 |
| AC-34132 |
| 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene |
| benzene, 1-methyl-4-methylethyl- |
| benzene, 1-methyl-4(1-methylethyl)- |
| p-mentha-1,3,5-triene |
| 1-(1-methylethyl)-4-methylbenzene |
| 1-methyl-4-isopropyl benzene |
| mfcd00008893 |
| F8889-6466 |
| p-cymene, analytical standard |
| p-isopropyltoluene, analytical standard |
| p-cymene, certified reference material, tracecert(r) |
| p- isopropylmethylbenzene |
| p-methyl-cumene |
| carvacrol derivative, 8 |
| bdbm248165 |
| Q284072 |
| AS-11012 |
| CCG-266123 |
| ?4-isopropyltoluene |
| EN300-21455 |
| Z104497772 |
| usepa/opp pesticide code: 122103 |
| cymene (mart.) |
| p-methylisopropyl benzene |
| isopropyltoluol |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The LD50 was 90." | ( Effects of volatile oil constituents of Nigella sativa on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in mice: evidence for antioxidant effects of thymoquinone. Al-Sawaf, HA; Al-Shabanah, OA; El-Hadiyah, T; El-Khatib, AS; Ginawi, OT; Mansour, MA, 2001) | 0.31 |
| " The inhibitory effect of monoterpenes was comparatively smaller than of the crude essential oil and beta-myrcene was most toxic followed by p-cymene, whereas limonene was least toxic." | ( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP, ) | 0.13 |
| "9 µg cm(-3) ) was the most toxic compound, followed by citronellyl acetate (16." | ( Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. Ahn, YJ; Choi, BR; Han, J; Kim, SI; Lee, SG, 2011) | 0.37 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Following intragastric or inhalation dosage (100 mg/kg) urinary metabolite excretion was nearly complete within 48 h, amounting to 60-80% dose." | ( p-Cymene metabolism in rats and guinea-pigs. Monge, P; Scheline, RR; Ve, B; Walde, A, 1983) | 0.27 |
| " However, the irritant effect of the essential oil was linked to thymol in a dose-response fashion, up to 10 microg/pellet, where it was still showing irritation." | ( Investigation of the Origanum onites L. essential oil using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Başer, KH; Demirci, F; Franz, G; Paper, DH, 2004) | 0.32 |
| " The essential oil and the three monoterpenes exhibited phytotoxicity and reduced germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll content and percent respiration of Avena sativa and Triticum aestivum in a dose-response manner." | ( Phytotoxicity of major constituents of the volatile oil from leaves of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. Batish, DR; Kaur, S; Kohli, RK; Mittal, S; Singh, HP, ) | 0.13 |
| " All EOs were repellent, followed a dose-response relationship, and had bioactivity similar to or better than that of commercial compound IR3535." | ( Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. Caballero-Gallardo, K; Olivero-Verbel, J; Stashenko, EE, 2011) | 0.37 |
| "The Ru(ii) complex of an imidazole-mesalazine Schiff base is a unique example showing growth inhibition of 3D-colon cancer stem cell spheroids and bulk colon cancer cells at lower dosage than salinomycin or oxaliplatin." | ( Inhibition of 3D colon cancer stem cell spheroids by cytotoxic Ru Acharya, S; Ghosh, S; Maji, M; Mukherjee, A; Parambil, ARU; Singh, S, 2020) | 0.56 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| plant metabolite | Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms. |
| volatile oil component | Any plant metabolite that is found naturally as a component of a volatile oil. |
| human urinary metabolite | Any metabolite (endogenous or exogenous) found in human urine samples. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| toluenes | Any member of the class of benzenes that is a substituted benzene in which the substituents include one (and only one) methyl group. |
| monoterpene | A C10 terpene. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Pathway | Proteins | Compounds |
|---|---|---|
| p-cymene degradation | 14 | 21 |
| p-cymene degradation to p-cumate | 3 | 9 |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLI family zinc finger 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 15.4490 | 0.0007 | 14.5928 | 83.7951 | AID1259369 |
| retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.4851 | 0.0030 | 41.6115 | 22,387.1992 | AID1159555 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 77.4286 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Secreted chorismate mutase | Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv | IC50 (µMol) | 11.6000 | 0.9900 | 1.2725 | 1.9600 | AID1803444 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1173472 | Neurotoxicity in ip dosed CF1 albino mouse seizure model after 4 hr by rototod test | 2014 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23 | Seizure prevention by the naturally occurring phenols, carvacrol and thymol in a partial seizure-psychomotor model. |
| AID1081887 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.02 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1081885 | Lipophilicity, logP of the compound | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1775034 | Myorelaxant effect in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in endurance latency time at 0.000004 mg administered via inhalation by rota-rod test | |||
| AID1081894 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.0002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1775020 | Sleep-promoting activity in ddY mouse assessed as enhancement of pentobarbital-induced sleep resulting in prolonged sleeping time at 0.000004 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1775024 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.004 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1111943 | Insecticidal activity against pyridaben-resistant female Tetranychus urticae PRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay | 2011 | Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12 | Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. |
| AID1775023 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.0004 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1081895 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.00002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1081892 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.02 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1081893 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1775029 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in caffeine-induced spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.000004 mg administered via inhalation post caffeine stimulation (Rvb = 68 %) | |||
| AID1111946 | Insecticidal activity against acaricide-susceptible female Tetranychus urticae KST (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay | 2011 | Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12 | Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. |
| AID1775025 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.04 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1081890 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.00002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1112518 | Displacement of [3H]TBOB binding to GABA receptor in Musca domestica (house fly) heads homogenates assessed as [3H]TBOB binding at 500 uM incubated for 90 min by scintillation counting method | 2012 | Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8 | Quantitative structure-activity relationships of monoterpenoid binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor. |
| AID1081886 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.2 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1111619 | Contact toxicity against adult Sitophilus zeamais assessed as mortality applied to dorsal thorax of insect measured daily for 1 week | 2011 | Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6 | Composition of essential oil of Chinese Chenopodium ambrosioides and insecticidal activity against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. |
| AID1173470 | Anticonvulsant activity against ip dosed CF1 albino mouse seizure model after 4 hrs by 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test | 2014 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23 | Seizure prevention by the naturally occurring phenols, carvacrol and thymol in a partial seizure-psychomotor model. |
| AID360503 | Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH radical scavenging activity | 1995 | Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 58, Issue:11 | Santolindiacetylene, a polyacetylene derivative isolated from the essential oil of Santolina canescens. |
| AID1173471 | Neurotoxicity in CF1 albino mouse seizure model assessed as time to peak toxic effect at 100 mg/kg, ip after 4 hr by rototod test | 2014 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23 | Seizure prevention by the naturally occurring phenols, carvacrol and thymol in a partial seizure-psychomotor model. |
| AID1775022 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity when administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1081889 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.0002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1173473 | Protective index, ratio of TD50 for CF1 albino mouse neurotoxicity to ED50 for protection against 6 Hz electroshock-induced seizure in CF1 albino mouse | 2014 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23 | Seizure prevention by the naturally occurring phenols, carvacrol and thymol in a partial seizure-psychomotor model. |
| AID1081891 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 2 hr post compound exposure at 0.2 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1081540 | Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) larvae immersed in compound solution for 96 hr assessed as reduction in larval motility | 2010 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 58, Issue:13 | Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. |
| AID1111945 | Insecticidal activity against chlorfenapyr-resistant female Tetranychus urticae CRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay | 2011 | Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12 | Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. |
| AID1081538 | Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) larvae immersed in compound solution for 24 hr assessed as reduction in larval motility | 2010 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 58, Issue:13 | Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. |
| AID1112517 | Toxicity to Musca domestica (house fly) applied to pronotum assessed as compound level per fly causing insect mortality measured after 24 hr | 2012 | Pest management science, Aug, Volume: 68, Issue:8 | Quantitative structure-activity relationships of monoterpenoid binding activities to the housefly GABA receptor. |
| AID1081888 | Repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) assessed as induction of repellency measured 4 hr post compound exposure at 0.002 uL/cm2 using 15% compound formulation | 2011 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Mar-09, Volume: 59, Issue:5 | Repellent activity of essential oils and some of their individual constituents against Tribolium castaneum herbst. |
| AID1439487 | Nematocidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles up to 72 hrs | 2017 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-31, Volume: 129 | Medicinal plants used as anthelmintics: Ethnomedical, pharmacological, and phytochemical studies. |
| AID1775018 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.00004 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID1111944 | Insecticidal activity against fenpropathrin-resistant female Tetranychus urticae FRT-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay | 2011 | Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12 | Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. |
| AID1111942 | Insecticidal activity against abamectin-resistant female Tetranychus urticae ART-53 (two-spotted spider mite) in kidney bean assessed as mortality in 3 cm disks measured after 24 hr exposure by vapour-phase mortality bioassay | 2011 | Pest management science, Dec, Volume: 67, Issue:12 | Fumigant toxicity of lemon eucalyptus oil constituents to acaricide-susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus urticae. |
| AID1081539 | Nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) larvae immersed in compound solution for 48 hr assessed as reduction in larval motility | 2010 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Jul-14, Volume: 58, Issue:13 | Phytochemistry and nematicidal activity of the essential oils from 8 Greek Lamiaceae aromatic plants and 13 terpene components. |
| AID1775026 | Sedative activity in ddY mouse assessed as decrease in spontaneous locomotor activity at 0.4 mg administered via inhalation relative to control | |||
| AID603957 | Octanol-water partition coefficient, log P of the compound | 2008 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 43, Issue:4 | QSPR modeling of octanol/water partition coefficient for vitamins by optimal descriptors calculated with SMILES. |
| AID1775027 | Toxicity in mouse assessed as lethal dose | |||
| AID1173469 | Anticonvulsant activity against CF1 albino mouse seizure model assessed as time to peak effect at 100 mg/kg, ip by 6 Hz psychomotor seizure test | 2014 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Dec-01, Volume: 24, Issue:23 | Seizure prevention by the naturally occurring phenols, carvacrol and thymol in a partial seizure-psychomotor model. |
| AID1111620 | Insecticidal activity against adult Sitophilus zeamais assessed as mortality measured daily for 1 week by fumigation assay | 2011 | Pest management science, Jun, Volume: 67, Issue:6 | Composition of essential oil of Chinese Chenopodium ambrosioides and insecticidal activity against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais. |
| AID1803444 | CM Assay from Article 10.3109/14756366.2013.823958: \\Identification and structure-activity relationship study of carvacrol derivatives as Mycobacterium tuberculosis chorismate mutase inhibitors.\\ | 2014 | Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 29, Issue:4 | Identification and structure-activity relationship study of carvacrol derivatives as Mycobacterium tuberculosis chorismate mutase inhibitors. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 30 (7.94) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 13 (3.44) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 49 (12.96) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 219 (57.94) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 67 (17.72) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (50.22) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.26%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 6 (1.55%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 379 (98.19%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene dichloride ethylene dichloride: RN given refers to 1,2-isomer; structure given in first source. 1,2-dichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes substituted by two chloro groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | hepatotoxic agent; mutagen; non-polar solvent |
| 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene with chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| protocatechuic acid protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | catechols; dihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.. gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid | human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule |
| acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent |
| acetoin [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | methyl ketone; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone | metabolite |
| benzene [no description available] | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | aromatic annulene; benzenes; volatile organic compound | carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; non-polar solvent |
| hydrobromic acid Hydrobromic Acid: Hydrobromic acid (HBr). A solution of hydrogen bromide gas in water.. hydrobromide : Salts formally resulting from the reaction of hydrobromic acid with an organic base.. hydrogen bromide : A diatomic molecule containing covalently bonded hydrogen and bromine atoms. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | gas molecular entity; hydrogen halide; mononuclear parent hydride | mouse metabolite |
| formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid | antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent |
| methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC). | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound | bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas |
| chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion. | 3.27 | 6 | 0 | halide anion; monoatomic chlorine | cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite |
| cuminaldehyde cuminaldehyde : A member of the class of benzaldehydes that is benzaldehyde substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. It is a component of essential oils from Cumin and exhibits insecticidal activities. | 2.97 | 4 | 0 | benzaldehydes | insecticide; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 2-cresol 2-cresol: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-cresol : A cresol that is phenol substituted by a methyl group at position 2. It is a minor urinary metabolite of toluene. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | cresol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| octane Octanes: Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. octane : A straight chain alkane composed of 8 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | xenobiotic |
| gallic acid gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | trihydroxybenzoic acid | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; astringent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; geroprotector; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 4-aminophenol 4-aminophenol: RN given refers to parent cpd. 4-aminophenol : An amino phenol (one of the three possible isomers) which has the single amino substituent located para to the phenolic -OH group. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aminophenol | allergen; metabolite |
| caprylic aldehyde caprylic aldehyde: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #1765. octanal : A saturated fatty aldehyde formally arising from reduction of the carboxy group of caprylic acid (octanoic acid). | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | plant metabolite |
| guaiacol Guaiacol: An agent thought to have disinfectant properties and used as an expectorant. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p747). methylcatechol : Any member of the class of catechols carrying one or more methyl substituents.. guaiacol : A monomethoxybenzene that consists of phenol with a methoxy substituent at the ortho position. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | guaiacols | disinfectant; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; expectorant; plant metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | sulfoxide; volatile organic compound | alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger |
| hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond. | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity | antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite |
| indoleacetic acid indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | indole-3-acetic acids; monocarboxylic acid | auxin; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant hormone; plant metabolite |
| methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group. | 2.99 | 4 | 0 | alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound | amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite |
| naphthalene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes; ortho-fused bicyclic arene | apoptosis inhibitor; carcinogenic agent; environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| niacinamide nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyridine alkaloid; pyridinecarboxamide; vitamin B3 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; neuroprotective agent; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; Sir2 inhibitor |
| nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical. | 2 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species | |
| orotic acid Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid | Escherichia coli metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion | allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite |
| palmitic acid Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| phenanthrene phenanthrene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon composed of three fused benzene rings which takes its name from the two terms 'phenyl' and 'anthracene.' | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon; phenanthrenes | environmental contaminant; mouse metabolite |
| phenol [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | phenols | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| pyrazole 1H-pyrazole : The 1H-tautomer of pyrazole. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | pyrazole | |
| pyridine azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | azaarene; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene; pyridines | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| pyrogallol benzenetriol : A triol in which three hydroxy groups are substituted onto a benzene ring. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | benzenetriol; phenolic donor | plant metabolite |
| dimethyl sulfide dimethyl sulfide: structure. dimethyl sulfide : A methyl sulfide in which the sulfur atom is substituted by two methyl groups. It is produced naturally by some marine algae.. methyl sulfide : Any aliphatic sulfide in which at least one of the organyl groups attached to the sulfur is a methyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aliphatic sulfide | algal metabolite; bacterial xenobiotic metabolite; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; marine metabolite |
| succinic acid Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid; C4-dicarboxylic acid | anti-ulcer drug; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical; radiation protective agent |
| thiamine thiamine(1+) : A primary alcohol that is 1,3-thiazol-3-ium substituted by (4-amino-2-methylpyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, methyl and 2-hydroxyethyl groups at positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | primary alcohol; vitamin B1 | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups. | 3.25 | 6 | 0 | methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound | cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| urea pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | isourea; monocarboxylic acid amide; one-carbon compound | Daphnia magna metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; fertilizer; flour treatment agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| vanillin Vanilla: A plant genus of the family ORCHIDACEAE that is the source of the familiar flavoring used in foods and medicines (FLAVORING AGENTS). | 2.8 | 3 | 0 | benzaldehydes; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antioxidant; flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| menthol Menthol: A monoterpene cyclohexanol produced from mint oils. | 4.51 | 7 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid; secondary alcohol | volatile oil component |
| perillic acid perillic acid: d-limonene metabolite; structure given in first source | 2 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; cyclohexenecarboxylic acid | antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 1,10-phenanthroline 1,10-phenanthroline: RN given refers to parent cpd; inhibits Zn-dependent metalloproteinases | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | phenanthroline | EC 2.7.1.1 (hexokinase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.19.3 (pyroglutamyl-peptidase I) inhibitor |
| 2,2'-dipyridyl 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron.. 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide: inhibits ADP-ribosylation; sometimes abreviated as 4-AN; | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | benzoisoquinoline; dicarboximide | |
| 4-aminopyridine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aminopyridine; aromatic amine | avicide; orphan drug; potassium channel blocker |
| oxyquinoline Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics.. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| acetazolamide Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide; sulfonamide; thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant; diuretic; EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
| acetohydroxamic acid acetohydroxamic acid: urease inhibitor. oxime : Compounds of structure R2C=NOH derived from condensation of aldehydes or ketones with hydroxylamine. Oximes from aldehydes may be called aldoximes; those from ketones may be called ketoximes.. N-hydroxyacetimidic acid : A carbohydroximic acid consisting of acetimidic acid having a hydroxy group attached to the imide nitrogen.. acetohydroxamic acid : A member of the class of acetohydroxamic acids that is acetamide in which one of the amino hydrogens has been replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | acetohydroxamic acids; carbohydroximic acid | algal metabolite; EC 3.5.1.5 (urease) inhibitor |
| aspirin Aspirin: The prototypical analgesic used in the treatment of mild to moderate pain. It has anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties and acts as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase which results in the inhibition of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins. Aspirin also inhibits platelet aggregation and is used in the prevention of arterial and venous thrombosis. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p5). acetylsalicylate : A benzoate that is the conjugate base of acetylsalicylic acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. acetylsalicylic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is salicylic acid in which the hydrogen that is attached to the phenolic hydroxy group has been replaced by an acetoxy group. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with cyclooxygenase inhibitor activity. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | benzoic acids; phenyl acetates; salicylates | anticoagulant; antipyretic; cyclooxygenase 1 inhibitor; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.188 (prostaglandin-F synthase) inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant activator; platelet aggregation inhibitor; prostaglandin antagonist; teratogenic agent |
| barbital 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by two ethyl groups. Formerly used as a hypnotic (sleeping aid). | 1.92 | 1 | 0 | barbiturates | drug allergen |
| benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(a)pyrene: A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.. benzo[a]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mouse metabolite |
| benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; benzyl ester | acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide |
| camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available] | 2.84 | 3 | 0 | bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone | plant metabolite |
| carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dibenzoazepine; ureas | analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic |
| chlorambucil Chlorambucil: A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed). chlorambucil : A monocarboxylic acid that is butanoic acid substituted at position 4 by a 4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl group. A chemotherapy drug that can be used in combination with the antibody obinutuzumab for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; nitrogen mustard; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound | alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; immunosuppressive agent |
| eucalyptol [no description available] | 6.46 | 31 | 0 | ||
| ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion | antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| clioquinol Clioquinol: A potentially neurotoxic 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative long used as a topical anti-infective, intestinal antiamebic, and vaginal trichomonacide. The oral preparation has been shown to cause subacute myelo-optic neuropathy and has been banned worldwide.. 5-chloro-7-iodoquinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinolin-8-ol in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are replaced by chlorine and iodine, respectively. It has antibacterial and atifungal properties, and is used in creams for the treatment of skin infections. It has also been investigated as a chelator of copper and zinc ions for the possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; organochlorine compound; organoiodine compound | antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; antiprotozoal drug; chelator; copper chelator |
| deferoxamine Deferoxamine: Natural product isolated from Streptomyces pilosus. It forms iron complexes and is used as a chelating agent, particularly in the mesylate form.. desferrioxamine B : An acyclic desferrioxamine that is butanedioic acid in which one of the carboxy groups undergoes formal condensation with the primary amino group of N-(5-aminopentyl)-N-hydroxyacetamide and the second carboxy group undergoes formal condensation with the hydroxyamino group of N(1)-(5-aminopentyl)-N(1)-hydroxy-N(4)-[5-(hydroxyamino)pentyl]butanediamide. It is a siderophore native to Streptomyces pilosus biosynthesised by the DesABCD enzyme cluster as a high affinity Fe(III) chelator. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | acyclic desferrioxamine | bacterial metabolite; ferroptosis inhibitor; iron chelator; siderophore |
| valproic acid Valproic Acid: A fatty acid with anticonvulsant and anti-manic properties that is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY and BIPOLAR DISORDER. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS.. valproic acid : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid that comprises of a propyl substituent on a pentanoic acid stem. | 2.83 | 3 | 0 | branched-chain fatty acid; branched-chain saturated fatty acid | anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; GABA agent; neuroprotective agent; psychotropic drug; teratogenic agent |
| emodin Emodin: Purgative anthraquinone found in several plants, especially RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. It was formerly used as a laxative, but is now used mainly as a tool in toxicity studies.. emodin : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, and 8 and by a methyl group at position 6. It is present in the roots and barks of numerous plants (particularly rhubarb and buckthorn), moulds, and lichens. It is an active ingredient of various Chinese herbs. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; laxative; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| ethosuximide Ethosuximide: An anticonvulsant especially useful in the treatment of absence seizures unaccompanied by other types of seizures.. ethosuximide : A dicarboximide that is pyrrolidine-2,5-dione in which the hydrogens at position 3 are substituted by one methyl and one ethyl group. An antiepileptic, it is used in the treatment of absence seizures and may be used for myoclonic seizures, but is ineffective against tonic-clonic seizures. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | dicarboximide; pyrrolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector; T-type calcium channel blocker |
| ethylenediamine ethylenediamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; edamine is the recommended contraction for the ethylenediamine radical. ethylenediamine : An alkane-alpha,omega-diamine in which the alkane is ethane. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | alkane-alpha,omega-diamine | GABA agonist |
| fluoxetine Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.. fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | (trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound | |
| glyburide Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea | anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent |
| guanidine Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | carboxamidine; guanidines; one-carbon compound | |
| ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | phenanthridines | fluorochrome; intercalator |
| juglone juglone: structure. juglone : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogen at position 5 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. A plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone with confirmed antibacterial and antitumor activities. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone | geroprotector; herbicide; reactive oxygen species generator |
| vitamin k 3 Vitamin K 3: A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 1,4-naphthoquinones; vitamin K | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; human urinary metabolite; nutraceutical |
| metformin Metformin: A biguanide hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. Metformin improves glycemic control by improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p289). metformin : A member of the class of guanidines that is biguanide the carrying two methyl substituents at position 1. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | guanidines | environmental contaminant; geroprotector; hypoglycemic agent; xenobiotic |
| methyl salicylate methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester; salicylates | flavouring agent; insect attractant; metabolite |
| myristicin myristicin: asaricin is an isomer; structure; a methylene dioxy version of elemicin; | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | organic molecular entity | metabolite |
| deet N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide : A monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of m-toluic acid with the nitrogen of diethylamine. First developed by the U.S. Army in 1946 for use by military personnel in insect-infested areas, it is the most widely used insect repellent worldwide. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | benzamides; monocarboxylic acid amide | environmental contaminant; insect repellent; xenobiotic |
| nifedipine Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | C-nitro compound; dihydropyridine; methyl ester | calcium channel blocker; human metabolite; tocolytic agent; vasodilator agent |
| 4-dichlorobenzene dichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying two chloro groups at unspecified positions.. 1,4-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | insecticide |
| procaine Procaine: A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).. procaine : A benzoate ester, formally the result of esterification of 4-aminobenzoic acid with 2-diethylaminoethanol but formed experimentally by reaction of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate with 2-diethylaminoethanol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound | central nervous system depressant; drug allergen; local anaesthetic; peripheral nervous system drug |
| propofol Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.. propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | phenols | anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative |
| safrole Safrole: A member of the BENZODIOXOLES that is a constituent of several VOLATILE OILS, notably SASSAFRAS oil. It is a precursor in the synthesis of the insecticide PIPERONYL BUTOXIDE and the drug N-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA).. safrole : A member of the class of benzodioxoles that is 1,3-benzodioxole which is substituted by an allyl group at position 5. It is found in several plants, including black pepper, cinnamon and nutmeg, and is present in several essential oils, notably that of sassafras. It has insecticidal properties and has been used as a topical antiseptic. Although not thought to pose a significant carcinogenic risk to humans, findings of weak carcinogenicity in rats have resulted in the banning of its (previously widespread) use in perfumes and soaps, and as a food additive. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | benzodioxoles | flavouring agent; insecticide; metabolite; plant metabolite |
| stearic acid octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | long-chain fatty acid; saturated fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| tetraethylammonium Tetraethylammonium: A potassium-selective ion channel blocker. (From J Gen Phys 1994;104(1):173-90) | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
| trimethadione Trimethadione: An anticonvulsant effective in absence seizures, but generally reserved for refractory cases because of its toxicity. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p378). trimethadione : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine-2,4-dione substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 5 and 5. It is an antiepileptic agent. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | oxazolidinone | anticonvulsant; geroprotector |
| tyramine [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | monoamine molecular messenger; primary amino compound; tyramines | EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter |
| 2-aminophenol [no description available] | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | aminophenol | bacterial metabolite |
| 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene 1,2,5,6-dibenzanthracene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| carbon tetrachloride Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloromethanes | hepatotoxic agent; refrigerant |
| benz(a)anthracene benz(a)anthracene: 4 fused rings of which one is angular in contrast to the linear NAPHTHACENES. tetraphene : An angular ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes | |
| lysine Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; lysine; organic molecular entity; proteinogenic amino acid | algal metabolite; anticonvulsant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aminopyrine Aminopyrine: A pyrazolone with analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties but has risk of AGRANULOCYTOSIS. A breath test with 13C-labeled aminopyrine has been used as a non-invasive measure of CYTOCHROME P-450 metabolic activity in LIVER FUNCTION TESTS.. aminophenazone : A pyrazolone that is 1,2-dihydro-3H-pyrazol-3-one substituted by a dimethylamino group at position 4, methyl groups at positions 1 and 5 and a phenyl group at position 2. It exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | pyrazolone; tertiary amino compound | antipyretic; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic |
| carbostyril Quinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.. quinolin-2(1H)-one : A quinolone that is 1,2-dihydroquinoline substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | monohydroxyquinoline; quinolone | bacterial xenobiotic metabolite |
| phenylephrine Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.. phenylephrine : A member of the class of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1R)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol carrying an additional hydroxy substituent at position 3 on the phenyl ring. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | phenols; phenylethanolamines; secondary amino compound | alpha-adrenergic agonist; cardiotonic drug; mydriatic agent; nasal decongestant; protective agent; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent |
| adenosine monophosphate Adenosine Monophosphate: Adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 5'-phosphate; purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate | adenosine A1 receptor agonist; cofactor; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; micronutrient; nutraceutical |
| methionine Methionine: A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.. methionine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a methylthio substituent at position 4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; methionine zwitterion; methionine; proteinogenic amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| n-hexanal [no description available] | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | medium-chain fatty aldehyde; n-alkanal; saturated fatty aldehyde | human urinary metabolite |
| ficusin Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | psoralens | plant metabolite |
| ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin | antibacterial drug |
| n-pentanol n-pentanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. pentan-1-ol : A short-chain primary fatty alcohol that is pentane in which a hydrogen of one of the methyl groups is substituted by a hydroxy group. It has been isolated from Melicope ptelefolia. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pentanol; short-chain primary fatty alcohol | human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane Trichloroethanes: Chlorinated ethanes which are used extensively as industrial solvents. They have been utilized in numerous home-use products including spot remover preparations and inhalant decongestant sprays. These compounds cause central nervous system and cardiovascular depression and are hepatotoxic. Include 1,1,1- and 1,1,2-isomers.. 1,1,1-trichloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes carrying three chloro substituents at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | polar solvent |
| alizarin [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | chromophore; dye; plant metabolite |
| arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid | biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical |
| methyl bromide methyl bromide: used in ionization chambers, degreasing wool, extracting oils; insect fumigant; high concentrations can produce pulmonary edema,narcosis; chronic exposure can cause CNS depression,kidney injury; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. bromomethane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to three hydrogen atoms and one bromine atom. It is produced naturally by marine algae. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | bromohydrocarbon; bromomethanes; methyl halides | algal metabolite; fumigant insecticide; marine metabolite |
| ethyl chloride Ethyl Chloride: A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.. chloroethane : The simplest and least toxic member of the class of chloroethanes, that is ethane in which a single hydrogen is substituted by a chlorine. A colourless gas at room temperature and pressure (boiling point 12degreeC), it is used as a mild topical anaesthetic to numb the skin prior to ear piercing, skin biopsies, etc., and is also used in the treatment of sports injuries. It was formerly used in the production of tetraethyllead. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | antipruritic drug; inhalation anaesthetic; local anaesthetic |
| tert-butyl alcohol tert-Butyl Alcohol: An isomer of butanol that contains a tertiary butyl group that consists of three methyl groups, each separately attached to a central (tertiary) carbon.. tert-butanol : A tertiary alcohol alcohol that is isobutane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | tertiary alcohol | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| trichlorofluoromethane trichlorofluoromethane: refrigerant, aerosol propellant; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. trichlorofluoromethane : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which the hydrogens have been replaced by three chlorine and one fluorine atom. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorofluorocarbon; halomethane | environmental contaminant; NMR chemical shift reference compound; NMR solvent; refrigerant |
| pentachloroethane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | non-polar solvent |
| phencyclidine Phencyclidine: A hallucinogen formerly used as a veterinary anesthetic, and briefly as a general anesthetic for humans. Phencyclidine is similar to KETAMINE in structure and in many of its effects. Like ketamine, it can produce a dissociative state. It exerts its pharmacological action through inhibition of NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). As a drug of abuse, it is known as PCP and Angel Dust.. phencyclidine : A member of the class of piperidines that is piperidine in which the nitrogen is substituted with a 1-phenylcyclohexyl group. Formerly used as an anaesthetic agent, it exhibits both hallucinogenic and neurotoxic effects. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; piperidines | anaesthetic; neurotoxin; NMDA receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug |
| azobis(isobutyronitrile) azobis(isobutyronitrile): blowing agent for elastomers & plastics; initiator for free radical reactions; structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| linalool linalool: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. linalool : A monoterpenoid that is octa-1,6-diene substituted by methyl groups at positions 3 and 7 and a hydroxy group at position 3. It has been isolated from plants like Ocimum canum. | 4.64 | 25 | 0 | monoterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | antimicrobial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| isopentane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | refrigerant |
| isoprene isoprene: used in manufacture of ''synthetic'' rubber, butyl rubber; copolymer in production of elastomers; structure. isoprene : A hemiterpene with the formula CH2=C(CH3)CH=CH2; the monomer of natural rubber and a common structure motif to the isoprenoids, a large class of other naturally occurring compounds. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | alkadiene; hemiterpene; volatile organic compound | plant metabolite |
| trichloroethylene Trichloroethylene: A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.. triol : A chemical compound containing three hydroxy groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethenes | inhalation anaesthetic; mouse metabolite |
| acrylic acid acrylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. acrylic acid : A alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid that is ethene substituted by a carboxy group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid | metabolite |
| peracetic acid Peracetic Acid: A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.. peracetic acid : A peroxy acid that is acetic acid in which the OH group is substituted by a hydroperoxy group. It is a versatile oxidising agent that is used as a disinfectant. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | a peroxy acid | disinfectant; oxidising agent |
| 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane: see also record for tetrachloroethane. 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane : A member of the class of chloroethanes that is ethane substituted by chloro groups at positions 1, 1, 2 and 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chloroethanes | |
| pantothenic acid Pantothenic Acid: A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.. pantothenic acid : A member of the class of pantothenic acids that is an amide formed from pantoic acid and beta-alanine.. vitamin B5 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called pantothenic acids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B5 deficiency. Deficiency of vitamin B5 is rare due to its widespread distribution in whole grain cereals, legumes and meat. Symptoms associated with vitamin B5 deficiency are difficult to asses since they are subtle and resemble those of other B vitamin deficiencies. The vitamers include (R)-pantothenic acid and its ionized and salt forms.. (R)-pantothenate : A pantothenate that is the conjugate base of (R)-pantothenic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. (R)-pantothenic acid : A pantothenic acid having R-configuration. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pantothenic acid; vitamin B5 | antidote to curare poisoning; geroprotector; human blood serum metabolite |
| camphene camphene : A monoterpene with a bicyclic skeleton that is bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane substituted by geminal methyl groups at position 2 and a methylidene group at position 3. It is a widespread natural product found in many essential oils. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| alpha-pinene [no description available] | 6.33 | 28 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
| acenaphthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acenaphthenes | |
| 7,8-dimethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | flavin | |
| fluorene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene trichlorobenzene: commercial grade of trichlorobenzene containing 70% 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene & 30% 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene; see also record for 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. trichlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying three chloro substituents at unspecified positions.. 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| hexamethylbenzene hexamethylbenzene : A methylbenzene that is benzene in which all six hydrogens have been replaced by methyl groups. | 2.78 | 3 | 0 | methylbenzene | |
| n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | |
| 2-isopropylphenol 2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source. 2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | phenols | |
| piperitone piperitone: from Mentha longifolia var. chorodictya Rech F; structure in first source. piperitone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is cyclohex-2-en-1-one substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and an isopropyl group at position 6. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | cyclic terpene ketone; p-menthane monoterpenoid | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| thymol Thymol: A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent.. thymol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. | 8.27 | 82 | 1 | monoterpenoid; phenols | volatile oil component |
| 1-methylnaphthalene 1-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | carcinogenic agent; plant metabolite |
| 1-chloronaphthalene 1-chloronaphthalene: word preservative; in xylamon the active ingredient is 60% 1-chloronaphthalene; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2126 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| quinoxalines quinoxaline : A naphthyridine in which the nitrogens are at positions 1 and 4. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | mancude organic heterobicyclic parent; naphthyridine; ortho-fused heteroarene | |
| uvitex swn Uvitex SWN: optical brightner from Ciba; structure | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-aminocoumarins | fluorochrome |
| 2-methylnaphthalene 2-methylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2-methylnaphthalene : A methylnaphthalene carrying a methyl substituent at position 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalene | |
| 2-chloronaphthalene 2-chloronaphthalene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthacene tetracene : An acene that consists of four ortho-fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene; tetracenes | |
| diphenyl diphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; benzenes; biphenyls | antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial food preservative |
| methyleugenol methyleugenol: structure | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | phenylpropanoid | |
| methyl benzoate methyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by condensation of benzoic acid and methanol. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; methyl ester | insect attractant; metabolite |
| 2-xylene 2-xylene: RN given refers to parent cpd. o-xylene : A xylene substituted by methyl groups at positions 1 and 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | xylene | |
| 2-chlorotoluene 2-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-dichlorobenzene 2-dichlorobenzene: structure. 1,2-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 2. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | hepatotoxic agent; metabolite |
| pseudocumene 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin |
| durene durene: structure. durene : A tetramethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetramethylbenzene | |
| 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 4 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 4-butyrolactone 4-Butyrolactone: One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent.. tetrahydrofuranone : Any oxolane having an oxo- substituent at any position on the tetrahydrofuran ring.. gamma-butyrolactone : A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2. | 2 | 1 | 0 | butan-4-olide | metabolite; neurotoxin |
| tert-butylbenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cumene cumene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene carrying an isopropyl group. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| acetophenone acetophenone : A methyl ketone that is acetone in which one of the methyl groups has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | acetophenones | animal metabolite; photosensitizing agent; xenobiotic |
| carvone carvone: an oxidized derivative of limonene; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; L-carvone has spearmint flavor, D-carvone has dill/caraway flavor. carvone : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that consists of cyclohex-2-enone having methyl and isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 5, respectively. | 2.39 | 2 | 0 | botanical anti-fungal agent; carvones | allergen |
| alpha phellandrene alpha phellandrene: can be irritating to, & absorbed by the skin; ingestion can cause vomiting, diarrhea; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. alpha-phellandrene : One of a pair of phellandrene cyclic monoterpene double-bond isomers in which both double bonds are endocyclic (cf. alpha-phellandrene, where one of them is exocyclic). | 3.91 | 3 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; phellandrene | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| gamma-terpinene gamma-terpinene: RN given refers to gamma-terpinene; structure. gamma-terpinene : One of three isomeric monoterpenes differing in the positions of their two double bonds (alpha- and beta-terpinene being the others). In gamma-terpinene the double bonds are at the 1- and 4-positions of the p-menthane skeleton. | 7.28 | 72 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; monoterpene | antioxidant; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| alpha-terpinene [no description available] | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | cyclohexadiene; monoterpene | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| terephthalic acid terephthalic acid: RN given refers to 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid. terephthalic acid : A benzenedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 1 and 4. One of three possible isomers of benzenedicarboxylic acid, the others being phthalic and isophthalic acids. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | benzenedicarboxylic acid | |
| ethylbenzene [no description available] | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| styrene Styrene: A colorless, toxic liquid with a strong aromatic odor. It is used to make rubbers, polymers and copolymers, and polystyrene plastics.. styrene : A vinylarene that is benzene carrying a vinyl group. It has been isolated from the benzoin resin produced by Styrax species. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | styrenes; vinylarene; volatile organic compound | mouse metabolite; mutagen; plant metabolite |
| 4-cyanopyridine 4-cyanopyridine: spectroscopic probe for cytochrome P450 BM3 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| boric acid [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | boric acids | astringent |
| 1,2-dihydrostilbene 1,2-dihydrostilbene: intermdiate in biosynthesis of dihydrophenanthrenes from phenylalanine. 1,2-dihydrostilbene : A diphenylethane that is the 1,2-dihydro derivative of stilbene. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | diphenylethane | |
| n-propylbenzene n-propylbenzene: RN given refers to parent cpd. propylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene having one of its aromatic hydrogens substituted by a propyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| n-butylbenzene butylbenzene : An alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted by a butyl group at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkylbenzene | |
| citronellal citronellal: aldehyde of citronellol; found in citronella oil. citronellal : A monoterpenoid, the main component of citronella oil which gives it its distinctive lemon aroma. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | aldehyde; monoterpenoid | antifungal agent; metabolite |
| 1,4-dibromobenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| 4-xylene p-xylene : A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | xylene | |
| 4-chlorotoluene 4-chlorotoluene: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | |
| ethylene dibromide Ethylene Dibromide: An effective soil fumigant, insecticide, and nematocide. In humans, it causes severe burning of skin and irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract. Prolonged inhalation may cause liver necrosis. It is also used in gasoline. Members of this group have caused liver and lung cancers in rodents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), 1,2-dibromoethane may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen.. 1,2-dibromoethane : A bromoalkane that is ethane carrying bromo substituents at positions 1 and 2. It is produced by marine algae. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | bromoalkane; bromohydrocarbon | algal metabolite; carcinogenic agent; fumigant; marine metabolite; mouse metabolite; mutagen |
| butane butane : A straight chain alkane composed of 4 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane; gas molecular entity | food propellant; refrigerant |
| 1-butene but-1-ene : A butene with unsaturation at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | butene | |
| acrolein [no description available] | 3.07 | 4 | 0 | enal | herbicide; human xenobiotic metabolite; toxin |
| 2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning. | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | alkane | |
| 3-xylene m-xylene : A xylene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 3. | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | xylene | |
| mesitylene mesitylene: structure. 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | |
| 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene: structure in first source. 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene : A trichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1, 3 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trichlorobenzene | |
| bromobenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | bromoarene; bromobenzenes; volatile organic compound | hepatotoxic agent; mouse metabolite; non-polar solvent |
| chlorobenzene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobenzenes | solvent |
| cyclohexanol Cyclohexanols: Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.. cyclohexanols : An alcohol in which one or more hydroxy groups are attached to a cyclohexane skeleton. | 6.06 | 21 | 0 | cyclohexanols; secondary alcohol | solvent |
| pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms. | 2.96 | 4 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; refrigerant |
| 1-pentene 1-pentene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| butyl chloride butyl chloride: structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-heptanone heptan-2-one : A dialkyl ketone with methyl and pentyl as the alkyl groups. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | dialkyl ketone; methyl ketone | mouse metabolite; pheromone |
| n-hexane hexane : An unbranched alkane containing six carbon atoms. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | neurotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexane Cyclohexane: C6H12. cyclohexane : An alicyclic hydrocarbon comprising a ring of six carbon atoms; the cyclic form of hexane, used as a raw material in the manufacture of nylon. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| cyclohexene cyclohexene : A cycloalkene that is cylohexane with a single double bond. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | cycloalkene | |
| 1-hexanol 1-hexanol: RN given refers to parent cpd. hexanol : A fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at any position of an unbranched saturated chain of six carbon atoms.. hexan-1-ol : A primary alcohol that is hexane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | hexanol; primary alcohol | alarm pheromone; antibacterial agent; fragrance; plant metabolite |
| nonane iotrochotin: toxin from the Caribbean sponge Iotrochota birotulata, which selectively permeabilizes synaptosomes. nonane : A straight chain alkane composed of 9 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| desaspidin desaspidin: structure | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| linalyl acetate linalyl acetate: structure in first source; RN refers to cpd without isomeric designation. linalyl acetate : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender.. 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of linalool. It forms a principal component of the essential oils from bergamot and lavender. | 2.79 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| benzyl salicylate benzyl salicylate: structure given in Merck | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | benzoate ester; phenols | |
| hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene: An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.. hexachlorobenzene : A member of the class of chlorobenzenes that is benzene in which all of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. An agricultural fungicide introduced in the mid-1940s and formerly used as a seed treatment, its use has been banned since 1984 under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic fungicide; chlorobenzenes | antifungal agrochemical; carcinogenic agent; persistent organic pollutant |
| anthracene acene : A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement.. acenes : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of fused benzene rings in a rectilinear arrangement and their substitution derivatives. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | acene; anthracenes; ortho-fused tricyclic hydrocarbon | |
| piperonal piperonal: has been used as a pediculicide; structure. piperonal : An arenecarbaldehyde that is 1,3-benzodioxole substituted by a formyl substituent at position 5. It has been isolated from Piper nigrum. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | arenecarbaldehyde; benzodioxoles | fragrance; insect repellent; plant metabolite |
| vanillic acid Vanillic Acid: A flavoring agent. It is the intermediate product in the two-step bioconversion of ferulic acid to vanillin. (J Biotechnol 1996;50(2-3):107-13).. vanillic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is 4-hydroxybenzoic acid substituted by a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | methoxybenzoic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid | plant metabolite |
| 1-naphthylamine 1-Naphthylamine: A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic.. naphthylamine : A primary arylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at unspecified position.. 1-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine that is naphthalene substituted by an amino group at position 1. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | naphthylamine | human xenobiotic metabolite |
| estragole estragole : A phenylpropanoid that is chavicol in which the hydroxy group is replaced by a methoxy group. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | alkenylbenzene; monomethoxybenzene; phenylpropanoid | carcinogenic agent; flavouring agent; genotoxin; insect attractant; plant metabolite |
| citronellol citronellol: alcohol form of citronellal; found in rose oil; RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure. citronellol : A monoterpenoid that is oct-6-ene substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 3 and 7.. insect repellent : An insecticide that acts as a repellent to insects. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| n-butyl acrylate butyl acrylate : An acrylate ester obtained by the formal condensation of the hydroxy group of butan-1-ol with the carboxy group of acrylic acid. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | acrylate ester | |
| n-heptane Heptanes: Seven-carbon alkanes with the formula C7H16.. heptane : A straight-chain alkane with seven carbon atoms. It has been found in Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi). | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent; plant metabolite |
| citronellyl acetate citronellyl acetate: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. citronellol acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester of citronellol. It has been isolated from Citrus hystrix. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| 1,12-benzoperylene 1,12-benzoperylene: structure; see also record for benzoperylene | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(e)pyrene benzo(e)pyrene: RN given refers to parent cpd. benzo[e]pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of five fused benzene rings. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by the IARC. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | carcinogenic agent; mutagen |
| perylene Perylene: A 20-carbon dibenz(de,kl)anthracene that can be viewed as a naphthalene fused to a phenalene or as dinaphthalene. It is used as fluorescent lipid probe in the cytochemistry of membranes and is a polycyclic hydrocarbon pollutant in soil and water. Derivatives may be carcinogenic.. perylene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene comprising of five benzene rings that is anthracene in which the d,e and k,l sides are fused to benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene; perylenes | |
| benzo(j)fluoranthene benzo(j)fluoranthene: dihydrodiol metabolites identified as mutagens; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| benzo(b)fluoranthene benzo[b]fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene that consists of a benzene ring fused with a acephenanthrylene ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | mutagen |
| fluoranthene fluoranthene: structure. fluoranthene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of a naphthalene and benzene unit connected by a five-membered ring. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | |
| benzo(k)fluoranthene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | naphthalenes | |
| triphenylene triphenylene: structure. triphenylene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | |
| chrysene chrysene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #2252. chrysene : An ortho-fused polycyclic arene found commonly in the coal tar. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho-fused polycyclic arene | plant metabolite |
| dibenzo(aj)anthracene dibenzo(aj)anthracene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phenanthrenes | |
| benzo(a)fluorene benzo(a)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| benzo(b)fluorene benzo(b)fluorene: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbotetracyclic compound | |
| indazoles Indazoles: A group of heterocyclic aromatic organic compounds consisting of the fusion of BENZENE and PYRAZOLES. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | indazole | |
| adamantane Adamantane: A tricyclo bridged hydrocarbon. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | adamantanes; polycyclic alkane | |
| cyclopentane Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | cycloalkane; cyclopentanes; volatile organic compound | non-polar solvent |
| thiazoles [no description available] | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | 1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene | |
| pyridazine pyridazine: structure given in first source | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyridazines | |
| pyrazines Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | diazine; pyrazines | Daphnia magna metabolite |
| cyclooctane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| diethyl sulfide ethyl sulfide : An aliphatic sulfide in which the sulfur atom is bonded to at least one ethyl group.. diethyl sulfide : An ethyl sulfide compound having two ethyl groups attached to a sulfur atom. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ethyl sulfide | |
| fluorobenzenes Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monofluorobenzenes | NMR chemical shift reference compound |
| 1,4-cineole 1,4-cineole: monoterpene; flavor component of lime Citrus medica L. var acida; structure given in first source. 1,4-cineole : An oxabicycloalkane consisting of p-menthane with an epoxy bridge across positions 1 and 4. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | ||
| pinane pinane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. pinane : A monoterpene that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 2, 6 and 6. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | plant metabolite |
| isocorydine isocorydine: from root tubers of Stephania Kwangsiensis H.S. Lo; RN given refers to (+-)-isomer; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5017 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| boldine [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | aporphine alkaloid | |
| rhein [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | |
| cholanthrene cholanthrene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| plumbagin plumbagin: a superoxide anion generator. plumbagin : A hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone that is 1,4-naphthoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are substituted by methyl and hydroxy groups, respectively. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone; phenols | anticoagulant; antineoplastic agent; immunological adjuvant; metabolite |
| aloe emodin aloe emodin: structure distinct from emodin; this does not mean emodin from aloe. Aloe emodin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin carrying a hydroxymethyl group at position 3. It has been isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; dihydroxyanthraquinone | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| chrysophanic acid chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antiviral agent; plant metabolite |
| menadiol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | methylnaphthalenes; naphthalenediols; naphthohydroquinone | |
| thymoquinone thymoquinone: constituent of cedarwood; can cause dermatitis; structure. thymoquinone : A member of the class of 1,4-benzoquinones that is 1,4-bezoquinone in which the hydrogens at positions 2 and 5 are replaced by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. It is a natural compound isolated from Nigella sativa which has demonstrated promising chemotherapeutic activity. | 3.68 | 9 | 0 | 1,4-benzoquinones | adjuvant; anti-inflammatory agent; antidepressant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| carvacrol carvacrol : A phenol that is a natural monoterpene derivative of cymene. An inhibitor of bacterial growth, it is used as a food additive. Potent activator of the human ion channels transient receptor potential V3 (TRPV3) and A1 (TRPA1). | 7.09 | 75 | 1 | botanical anti-fungal agent; p-menthane monoterpenoid; phenols | agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; flavouring agent; TRPA1 channel agonist; volatile oil component |
| citronellic acid citronellic acid: structure in first source. citronellic acid : A monounsaturated fatty acid that is oct-6-enoic acid carrying methyl groups at positions 3 and 7. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | medium-chain fatty acid; monoterpenoid; monounsaturated fatty acid | flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| orcinol orcinol: used as reagent for pentoses, lignin, beet sugar, saccharoses, arabinose & diastase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. orcinol : A 5-alkylresorcinol in which the alkyl group is specified as methyl. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | 5-alkylresorcinol; dihydroxytoluene | Aspergillus metabolite |
| oleanolic acid [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| ascaridole ascaridole: monoterpene endoperoxide with anthelmintic properties; structure given in first source. ascaridole : A p-menthane monoterpenoid that is p-menth-2-ene with a peroxy group across position 1 to 4. | 4.29 | 5 | 0 | organic heterobicyclic compound; organic peroxide; p-menthane monoterpenoid | antileishmanial agent; antinematodal drug; plant metabolite |
| myrtenol myrtenol: fragrance ingredient; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| physcione physcione: structure. physcion : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 9,10-anthraquinone bearing hydroxy substituents at positions 1 and 8, a methoxy group at position 3, and a methyl group at position 6. It has been widely isolated and characterised from both terrestrial and marine sources. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxyanthraquinone | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; hepatoprotective agent; metabolite |
| hemimellitene hemimellitene: structure. 1,2,3-trimethylbenzene : A trimethylbenzene carrying methyl groups at positions 1, 2 and 3. It has been found in Centaurium erythraea. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | trimethylbenzene | neurotoxin; plant metabolite |
| cumic acid cumic acid : A member of the class of benzoic acids that is cumene substituted by at least one carboxy group.. p-cumic acid : A cumic acid that consists of benzoic acid substituted by an isopropyl group at position 4. | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | cumic acid | plant metabolite |
| 1-chloropropane 1-chloropropane: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,2,4-trimethylpentane 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: nephrotoxic. isooctane : An alkane that consists of pentane bearing two methyl substituents at position 2 and a single methyl substituent at position 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane; volatile organic compound | fuel additive; nephrotoxin; non-polar solvent |
| 1,3-dichlorobenzene 1,3-dichlorobenzene : A dichlorobenzene carrying chloro substituents at positions 1 and 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene | |
| malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | dialdehyde | biomarker |
| 1-chlorohexane [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-phellandrene [no description available] | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | phellandrene | plant metabolite |
| 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol 4-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-cyclohexen-1-ol: structure in first source. 4-terpineol : A terpineol that is 1-menthene carrying a hydroxy substituent at position 4. | 5.06 | 7 | 0 | terpineol; tertiary alcohol | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 1 and 4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | |
| 3-hydroxyflavone 3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | flavonols; monohydroxyflavone | |
| 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene: RN given refers to parent cpd. 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene : A dimethylnaphthalene carrying methyl groups at positions 2 and 6. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dimethylnaphthalene | environmental contaminant |
| 1,2-dibromobenzene dibromobenzene : Any member of the class of bromobenzenes that consists of a benzene or a substituted benzene ring carrying two bromo groups at unspecified positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dibromobenzene | |
| terpinolene [no description available] | 4.96 | 6 | 0 | p-menthadiene | insect repellent; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component |
| iodobenzene iodobenzene: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-hexene 1-hexene: structure in first source. 1-hexene : An alkene that is hexane carrying a double bond at position 1. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkene | |
| pentachlorobenzene pentachlorobenzene: structure. pentachlorobenzene : A member of the class of pentachlorobenzenes that is benzene in which five of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines. Now classed as a persistent organic pollutant under the Stockholm Convention. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | pentachlorobenzenes | persistent organic pollutant |
| 2-methylanthracene 2-methylanthracene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid | antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary |
| 3-isopropylphenol 3-isopropylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2 , 3 and 4.. tetrachlorobenzene : Any member of the class of chlorobenzenes carrying four chloro groups at unspecified positions. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene : A tetrachlorobenzene carrying chloro groups at positions 1, 2, 3 and 5. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene | |
| 9-methylanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 9,10-dimethylanthracene 9,10-dimethylanthracene: RN given refers to parent ion | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| undecane undecane : A straight-chain alkane with 11 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| 2,2'-dipyridylamine dipyridin-2-ylamine: structure in first source | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | ||
| carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| beta-pinene beta-pinene: alpha-pinene is also available. beta-pinene : An isomer of pinene with an exocyclic double bond. It is a component of essential oils from many plants. | 4.17 | 16 | 0 | pinene | plant metabolite |
| d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alpha-tocopherol | algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite |
| 6-methylchrysene 6-methylchrysene: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| decane decane : A straight-chain alkane with 10 carbon atoms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | alkane | |
| dronabinol Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.. Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide | cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic |
| carvone, (s)-isomer (+)-carvone : A carvone having (S) configuration. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | carvone | |
| 12-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-terpineol terpineol : A family of monoterpenols that have a p-menthane skeleton containing one double bond and bearing a single hydroxy substituent. | 5.68 | 13 | 0 | terpineol | plant metabolite |
| 2-methylphenanthrene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-methylbenzanthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| alpha-thujene alpha-thujene: volatile oil constituent of Monodora myristica (Gaertn) Dunal; structure in first source. alpha-thujene : A thujene that has a bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene skeleton which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by methyl and isopropyl groups, respectively. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | thujene | |
| sabinene sabinene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. sabinene : A thujene that is a bicyclic monoterpene isolated from the essential oils of various plant species. | 4.23 | 5 | 0 | thujene | plant metabolite |
| 5-methylchrysene 5-methylchrysene: methylchrysenes in tobacco smoke are suspected to contribute to tumorigenicity of this inhalant; RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | carbopolycyclic compound | |
| 5,6-dimethylchrysene 5,6-dimethylchrysene: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-ethylbenz(a)anthracene [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2-pentylfuran 2-pentylfuran: structure in first source. 2-pentylfuran : A member of the class of furans that is furan in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a pentyl group. It is found in many heat-processed foods and drinks. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | furans | Aspergillus metabolite; bacterial metabolite; flavouring agent; human urinary metabolite; insect repellent; plant growth stimulator; volatile oil component |
| streptomycin [no description available] | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | antibiotic antifungal drug; antibiotic fungicide; streptomycins | antibacterial drug; antifungal agrochemical; antimicrobial agent; antimicrobial drug; bacterial metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor |
| limonene Limonene: A naturally-occurring class of MONOTERPENES which occur as a clear colorless liquid at room temperature. Limonene is the major component in the oil of oranges which has many uses, including as flavor and fragrance. It is recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).. limonene : A monoterpene that is cyclohex-1-ene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4 respectively. | 6.43 | 30 | 0 | cycloalkene; p-menthadiene | human metabolite |
| iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | elemental manganese; manganese group element atom | Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient |
| osmium Osmium: A very hard, gray, toxic, and nearly infusible metal element, atomic number 76, atomic weight 190.2, symbol Os. | 3.04 | 4 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae. | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| rhodium Rhodium: A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh.. rhodium atom : A cobalt group element atom of atomic number 45. | 2.54 | 2 | 0 | cobalt group element atom | |
| ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM. | 5.95 | 89 | 0 | iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom | |
| gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts. | 2.5 | 2 | 0 | copper group element atom; elemental gold | |
| helium Helium: A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | monoatomic helium; noble gas atom; s-block element atom | food packaging gas |
| cesium chloride cesium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. caesium chloride : The inorganic chloride salt of caesium; each caesium ion is coordinated by eight chlorine ions. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | inorganic caesium salt; inorganic chloride | phase-transfer catalyst; vasoconstrictor agent |
| phosphine phosphane : The simplest phosphine, consisting of a single phosphorus atom with three hydrogens attached.. phosphine : Phosphane (PH3) and compounds derived from it by substituting one, two or three hydrogen atoms by hydrocarbyl groups: RPH2, R2PH, R3P (R =/= H) are called primary, secondary and tertiary phosphines, respectively. A specific phosphine is preferably named as a substituted phosphane. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | mononuclear parent hydride; phosphanes; phosphine | carcinogenic agent; fumigant insecticide |
| bromic acid [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | bromine oxoacid | |
| deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus. | 2.57 | 2 | 0 | dihydrogen | |
| ozone Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | elemental molecule; gas molecular entity; reactive oxygen species; triatomic oxygen | antiseptic drug; disinfectant; electrophilic reagent; greenhouse gas; mutagen; oxidising agent; tracer |
| 3-carene 3-carene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation | 2.4 | 2 | 0 | monoterpene | |
| 2,3-dihydroxypyridine 2,3-dihydroxypyridine: affects thyroid function. pyridine-2,3-diol : A dihydroxypyridine in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 2 and 3. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | dihydroxypyridine | |
| beta-selinene beta-selinene: isolated from aerial parts of Ligusticum chuanxiong; RN given for (4aR-(4aalpha,7alpha,8abeta))-isomer. (-)-beta-selinene : The (4aS,7S,8aR)-stereoisomer of beta-selinene. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | beta-selinene | |
| verbenone verbenone: platelet aggregation inhibitor; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[3.1.1]heptane which is substituted by an oxo group at position 2 and by methyl groups at positions 4, 6 and 6, and which contains a double bond between positions 3 and 4.. (S)-(-)-verbenone : A 4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one in which both chiral centres have S configuration. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; cyclic ketone; enone | |
| phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 2.36 | 2 | 0 | benzenes; phenyl acetates | |
| dodecylbenzene [no description available] | 1.93 | 1 | 0 | ||
| myrcene myrcene: structure in first source. beta-myrcene : A monoterpene that is octa-1,6-diene bearing methylene and methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 respectively. | 3.98 | 13 | 0 | monoterpene | anabolic agent; anti-inflammatory agent; flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| ethyl hexanoate ethyl hexanoate : A fatty acid ethyl ester obtained by the formal condensation of hexanoic acid with ethanol. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | fatty acid ethyl ester; hexanoate ester | metabolite |
| isoamyl acetate isoamyl acetate: structure in Merck, 9th ed, #4958. isoamyl acetate : The acetate ester of isoamylol. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tetrachloroethylene Tetrachloroethylene: A chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent and cooling liquid in electrical transformers. It is a potential carcinogen. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | chlorocarbon; chloroethenes | nephrotoxic agent |
| laurotetanine laurotetanine: isolated from Tetranthera & Lindera benzoin L. from family Lauraceae; structure | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | isoquinoline alkaloid | |
| pyrene pyrene: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7746. pyrene : An ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene consisting of four fused benzene rings, resulting in a flat aromatic system. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ortho- and peri-fused polycyclic arene | fluorescent probe; persistent organic pollutant |
| alkenes [no description available] | 3.69 | 9 | 0 | ||
| sodium azide Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent; explosive; mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor; mutagen |
| 4-ethynylbiphenyl 4-ethynylbiphenyl: structure given in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl tetrachlorobiphenyl : Any polychlorobiphenyl with molecular formula C12H6Cl4. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | tetrachlorobenzene; tetrachlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is p-dichlorobenzene in which one of the hydrogens has been replaced by a phenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobenzene; dichlorobiphenyl | |
| 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. 2,4'-dichlorobiphenyl : A dichlorobiphenyl that is chlorobenzene in which the hydrogen at position 2 has been replaced by a 4-chlorophenyl group. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | dichlorobiphenyl; monochlorobenzenes | |
| 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl: structure given in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ng-nitroarginine methyl ester NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | alpha-amino acid ester; L-arginine derivative; methyl ester; N-nitro compound | EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor |
| nitrogen trioxide [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen oxide | |
| ruthenium chloride (rucl3) ruthenium chloride: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd | 2.77 | 3 | 0 | ||
| trifluoromethanesulfonic acid trifluoromethanesulfonic acid: deblocking reagent for peptide synthesis; RN given refers to parent cpd. triflic acid : A one-carbon compound that is methanesulfonic acid in which the hydrogens attached to the methyl carbon have been replaced by fluorines. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | one-carbon compound; perfluoroalkanesulfonic acid | |
| rubidium chloride rubidium chloride : An inorganic chloride composed of rubidium and chloride ions in a 1:1 ratio. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | inorganic chloride; rubidium molecular entity | antidepressant; biomarker |
| glucose, (beta-d)-isomer beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope; mouse metabolite |
| ursolic acid [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | geroprotector; plant metabolite |
| betulinic acid [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; pentacyclic triterpenoid | anti-HIV agent; anti-inflammatory agent; antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; plant metabolite |
| naphthalimides Naphthalimides: Compounds with three fused rings that appear like a naphthalene fused to piperidone or like a benz(de)isoquinoline-1,3-dione (not to be confused with BENZYLISOQUINOLINES which have a methyl separating the naphthyl from the benzyl rings). Members are CYTOTOXINS. | 2.63 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 1,2-dianilinoethane 1,2-dianilinoethane: structure | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,7-phenanthroline [no description available] | 3.05 | 4 | 0 | phenanthroline | |
| triazoles Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | 1,2,3-triazole | |
| pinocembrin pinocembrin : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. A natural product found in Piper sarmentosum and Cryptocarya chartacea. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | (2S)-flavan-4-one; dihydroxyflavanone | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; vasodilator agent |
| magnolol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | biphenyls | |
| bathophenanthroline 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline : A member of the class of phenanthrolines that is 1,10-phenanthroline bearing two phenyl substituents at positions 4 and 7. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; phenanthrolines | chelator |
| citronellal, (r)-isomer (R)-(+)-citronellal : The (3R)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enal (citronellal). | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | citronellal | |
| carane carane: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. carane : A carbobicyclic compound that is bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane substituted by methyl groups at positions 3, 7 and 7. | 1.96 | 1 | 0 | carbobicyclic compound; monoterpene; terpenoid fundamental parent | |
| clotiazepam 2-carene: a monoterpene; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monoterpenoid | |
| nitrosonium ion nitrosonium ion: a nitric oxide congener. oxidonitrogen(1+) : A monovalent inorganic cation resulting from the removal of the unpaired electron from nitric oxide. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | monovalent inorganic cation; nitrogen oxide | |
| coenzyme a [no description available] | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate | coenzyme; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| beta-thujone [no description available] | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | beta-thujone | |
| elemol elemol: monocyclic sespuiterpenoid tertiary alcohol; RN given refers to (1R-(1alpha,3alpha,4beta))-isomer; structure in first source. elemol : A sesquiterpenoid that is isopropanol which is substituted at position 2 by a (3S,4S)-3-isopropenyl-4-methyl-4-vinylcyclohexyl group. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; sesquiterpenoid; tertiary alcohol | fragrance; plant metabolite |
| ledol ledol: from Renealmia chrysotrycha; structure in first source | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ethyl-3-(n-n-butyl-n-acetyl)aminopropionate ethyl-3-(N-n-butyl-N-acetyl)aminopropionate: an insect repellent; structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | acetamides; ethyl ester; tertiary carboxamide | |
| 1,4-dihydropyridine [no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| terpinyl acetate terpinyl acetate: ingredient in perfume of spray starch causing contact urticaria | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid | |
| aspidin bb [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| carbene carbene: electrically neutral species H2C: and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons; carbene is the name of the parent hydride :CH2 ; hence, the name dichlorocarbene for :CCl2. However, names for acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons containing one or more divalent carbon atoms are derived from the name of the corresponding all-4-hydrocarbon using the suffix -ylidene; methylene carbene also available. carbene : The electrically neutral species H2C(2.) and its derivatives, in which the carbon is covalently bonded to two univalent groups of any kind or a divalent group and bears two nonbonding electrons, which may be spin-paired (singlet state) or spin-non-paired (triplet state). | 2.85 | 3 | 0 | carbene; methanediyl | |
| hydronium ion [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | onium cation; oxygen hydride | |
| 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane: structure in first source | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| hydroxyl radical Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent. | 3 | 4 | 0 | oxygen hydride; oxygen radical; reactive oxygen species | |
| camphora camphora: a component of Guanxingao, a kind of traditional Chinese rubber electuary medicine which is able to either cure or guard against coronary heart disease and angina pectoris. (R)-camphor : The (R)- enantiomer of camphor. | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | camphor | |
| singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| cyclocolorenone cyclocolorenone: sesquiterpenoid isolated from the liverwort, Plagiochila acanthophylla subsp. japonica; structure | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | ||
| methylinositol methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 10-gingerol [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| isopulegol isopulegol: isolated from Mentha cardiaca structure in first source | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | p-menthane monoterpenoid | metabolite |
| biotin vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | biotins; vitamin B7 | coenzyme; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; prosthetic group; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone | carcinogenic agent; human metabolite |
| 2-chlorobiphenyl 2-chlorobiphenyl: RN from Toxlit. 2-chlorobiphenyl : A monochlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at position 2.. monochlorobiphenyl : A chlorobiphenyl carrying a single chloro substituent at unspecified position.. chlorobiphenyl : A chloroarene that consists of a biphenyl skeleton substituted by one or more chloro groups. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | monochlorobiphenyl | |
| lupeol [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | pentacyclic triterpenoid; secondary alcohol | anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite |
| piperitenone piperitenone: structure given in first source | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | p-menthadien-3-one | |
| pomolic acid pomolic acid: from Rosa woodsii & Hyptis capitata; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | triterpenoid | metabolite |
| dihydropyridines Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 7-dehydrocholesterol [no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; cholestanoid; Delta(5),Delta(7)-sterol | human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| salicin [no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | aromatic primary alcohol; aryl beta-D-glucoside; benzyl alcohols | antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug |
| (+)-limonene (4R)-limonene : An optically active form of limonene having (4R)-configuration. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | limonene | plant metabolite |
| limonene-1,2-epoxide limonene-1,2-epoxide: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. (4R)-limonene 1,2-epoxide : The (R)-enantiomer of limonene 1,2-epoxide. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | limonene 1,2-epoxide | |
| bakkenolide a bakkenolide A: structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | sesquiterpenoid | |
| pulegone pulegone: component of peppermint oil; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure in Merck. (+)-pulegone : The (5R)-enantiomer of p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | p-menth-4(8)-en-3-one | |
| gingerol gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | beta-hydroxy ketone; guaiacols | antineoplastic agent; plant metabolite |
| lignans Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed) | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1-alpha-terpineol (S)-(-)-alpha-terpineol : The (S)-enantiomer of alpha-terpineol. | 2.72 | 3 | 0 | alpha-terpineol | plant metabolite |
| betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds. | 2.58 | 2 | 0 | cyclodextrin | |
| e-z cinnamic acid cinnamic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that consists of acrylic acid bearing a phenyl substituent at the 3-position. It is found in Cinnamomum cassia.. trans-cinnamic acid : The E (trans) isomer of cinnamic acid | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | cinnamic acid | plant metabolite |
| ergosterol [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; ergostanoid; phytosterols | fungal metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified). | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinol; vitamin A | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| pectins Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid. | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | D-galactopyranuronic acid | |
| gamma-sitosterol clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid; 3beta-sterol; phytosterols | marine metabolite; plant metabolite |
| riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms). | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | flavin; vitamin B2 | anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite |
| sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | organic sodium salt | algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite |
| davanone davanone: antifungal and antispasmodic isolated from natural Davana oil and Artemisia pallens; structure in first source | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | oxolanes | |
| spathulenol spathulenol: sesquiterpene alcohol isolated from essential oils of Artemisia vulgaris L. & Artemisia dracunculus L.. spathulenol : A tricyclic sesquiterpenoid that is 4-methylidenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulene carrying three methyl substituents at positions 1, 1 and 7 as well as a hydroxy substituent at position 7. | 2.48 | 2 | 0 | ||
| vulgarone b vulgarone B: sesquiterpene ketone antifungal constituent in the steam-distilled fraction of Artemisia douglasiana; structure in first source | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cinnamaldehyde 3-phenylprop-2-enal : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is prop-2-enal in which a hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a phenyl group. The configuration of the double bond is not specified; the name "cinnamaldehyde" is widely used to refer to the E (trans) isomer.. (E)-cinnamaldehyde : The E (trans) stereoisomer of cinnamaldehyde, the parent of the class of cinnamaldehydes. | 4.17 | 4 | 0 | 3-phenylprop-2-enal; cinnamaldehydes | antifungal agent; EC 4.3.1.24 (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite; sensitiser; vasodilator agent |
| anethole anethole: an isomer of estragole; structurally similar to CAPSAICIN; has some neurological and insecticidal and skin absorption effects; RN given refers to unspecified stereoisomer. anethole : A monomethoxybenzene that is methoxybenzene substituted by a prop-1-en-1-yl group at position 4.. trans-anethole : The trans-stereoisomer of anethole. | 3.59 | 2 | 0 | anethole | flavouring agent |
| geraniol [no description available] | 3.58 | 8 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol; monoterpenoid; primary alcohol | allergen; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| citral citral: Xref geranial: geraniol is also available; Xref neral: nerol is also available; vitamin A antagonist; oxygenated monoterpene; inhibits cytosolic dehydrogenases; structure. citral : An enal that consists of octa-2,6-dienal bearing methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7. A mixture of the two geometric isomers geranial and neral, it is the major constituent (75-85%) of oil of lemon grass, the volatile oil of Cymbopogon citratus, or of C. flexuosus. It also occurs in oils of verbena, lemon, and orange. | 3.18 | 5 | 0 | enal; monoterpenoid; polyprenal | plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| nerol nerol : The (2Z)-stereoisomer of 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol. It has been isolated from the essential oils from plants like lemon grass. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol | fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| cannabidiol Cannabidiol: Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.. cannabidiol : An cannabinoid that is cyclohexene which is substituted by a methyl group at position 1, a 2,6-dihydroxy-4-pentylphenyl group at position 3, and a prop-1-en-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | olefinic compound; phytocannabinoid; resorcinols | antimicrobial agent; plant metabolite |
| sesquiterpenes [no description available] | 4.63 | 25 | 0 | ||
| isoeugenol trans-isoeugenol : The trans-stereoisomer of isoeugenol. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | isoeugenol | plant metabolite |
| curcumin Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. | 3.98 | 3 | 0 | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| geranyl acetate geranyl acetate: constituted about 90% of the palmarosa oil. geranyl acetate : A monoterpenoid that is the acetate ester derivative of geraniol. | 2.76 | 3 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | plant metabolite |
| geranylacetone geranyl acetone : A monoterpene ketone in which an (E)-geranyl group is bonded to one of the alpha-methyls of acetone. It is a component of essential oils from various plants including Nelumbo nucifera. | 2.21 | 1 | 0 | monoterpene ketone | flavouring agent; fragrance; plant metabolite; volatile oil component |
| caryophyllene oxide caryophyllene oxide: has butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory activity; structure in first source. epoxide : Any cyclic ether in which the oxygen atom forms part of a 3-membered ring. | 3.16 | 5 | 0 | epoxide | metabolite |
| thiourea Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur. | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | one-carbon compound; thioureas; ureas | antioxidant; chromophore |
| nadp [no description available] | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | ||
| 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974) | 3.43 | 7 | 0 | ||
| cytellin cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | ||
| naphthoquinones Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups. | 2.52 | 2 | 0 | ||
| quercetin [no description available] | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone | antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| linoleic acid Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | octadecadienoic acid; omega-6 fatty acid | algal metabolite; Daphnia galeata metabolite; plant metabolite |
| beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues. | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene | antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A |
| coniferaldehyde coniferaldehyde: from aqueous extract of Senra incana. coniferyl aldehyde : A member of the class of cinnamaldehydes that is cinnamaldehyde substituted by a hydroxy group at position 4 and a methoxy group at position 3. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | cinnamaldehydes; guaiacols; phenylpropanoid | antifungal agent; plant metabolite |
| vitamin d 2 Ergocalciferols: Derivatives of ERGOSTEROL formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. They differ from CHOLECALCIFEROL in having a double bond between C22 and C23 and a methyl group at C24.. vitamin D2 : A vitamin D supplement and has been isolated from alfalfa. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-ergostane; vitamin D | bone density conservation agent; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; rodenticide |
| cholecalciferol Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.. calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone | geroprotector; human metabolite |
| rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone | antioxidant; metabolite |
| genistein [no description available] | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyisoflavones | antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| 2-hexenal, z-isomer 2-hexenal: product of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver; a green odor chemical; do not confuse with the hexabarbital synonym, hexenal; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 2-hexenal : A hexenal having the double bond at the 2-position.. (2E)-hexenal : A 2-hexenal in which the olefinic double bond has E configuration. It occurs naturally in a wide range of fruits, vegetables, and spices. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | 2-hexenal | antibacterial agent; flavouring agent; plant metabolite |
| caryophyllene (-)-beta-caryophyllene : A beta-caryophyllene in which the stereocentre adjacent to the exocyclic double bond has S configuration while the remaining stereocentre has R configuration. It is the most commonly occurring form of beta-caryophyllene, occurring in many essential oils, particularly oil of cloves.. beta-caryophyllene : A sesquiterpene with a [7.2.0]-bicyclic structure comprising fused 9- and 4-membered rings, with a trans-ring junction, a trans-double bond between the 4- and 5-positions of the 9-membered ring, a methylidene group at position 9, and methyl groups at positions 3, 11, and 11. The most commonly occurring form is the (1R,9S)-(-)-enantiomer, which is found in many essential oils, particularly clove oil.. cannabinoid : A diverse group of pharmacologically active secondary metabolite characteristic to Cannabis plant as well as produced naturally in the body by humans and animals. Cannabinoids contain oxygen as a part of the heterocyclic ring or in the form of various functional groups. They are subdivided on the basis of their origin. | 2.46 | 2 | 0 | beta-caryophyllene | fragrance; insect attractant; metabolite; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| humulene humulene: structure given in first source. (1E,4E,8E)-alpha-humulene : The (1E,4E,8E)-isomer of alpha-humulene. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | alpha-humulene | |
| chrysin chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7. | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | 7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone | anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| diosmetin [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | 3'-hydroxyflavonoid; monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone | angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; bone density conservation agent; cardioprotective agent; plant metabolite; tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor agonist; vasodilator agent |
| gingerenone a gingerenone A: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Zingiber officinale; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | diarylheptanoid | |
| shogaol shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| cinnamyl acetate cinnamyl acetate: structure in first source. cinnamyl acetate : An acetate ester resulting from the formal condensation of cinnamyl alcohol with acetic acid. Found in cinnamon leaf oil. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester | plant metabolite |
| levetiracetam Levetiracetam: A pyrrolidinone and acetamide derivative that is used primarily for the treatment of SEIZURES and some movement disorders, and as a nootropic agent.. levetiracetam : A pyrrolidinone and carboxamide that is N-methylpyrrolidin-2-one in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by an aminocarbonyl group, while another is replaced by an ethyl group (the S enantiomer). An anticonvulsant, it is used for the treatment of epilepsy in both human and veterinary medicine. | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | pyrrolidin-2-ones | anticonvulsant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic |
| vitamin k 1 Vitamin K 1: A family of phylloquinones that contains a ring of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and an isoprenoid side chain. Members of this group of vitamin K 1 have only one double bond on the proximal isoprene unit. Rich sources of vitamin K 1 include green plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria. Vitamin K1 has antihemorrhagic and prothrombogenic activity.. phylloquinone : A member of the class of phylloquinones that consists of 1,4-naphthoquinone having methyl and phytyl groups at positions 2 and 3 respectively. The parent of the class of phylloquinones. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | phylloquinones; vitamin K | cofactor; human metabolite; plant metabolite |
| beta-ocimene beta-ocimene : The trans-stereoisomer of ocimene.. (Z)-beta-ocimene : A beta-ocimene that consists of octa-1,3,6-triene bearing two methyl substituents at positions 3 and 7 (the 3Z-isomer). | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | beta-ocimene | plant metabolite |
| caryophyllene caryophyllene: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure given in first source | 4.02 | 13 | 0 | ||
| cesium Cesium: A member of the alkali metals. It has an atomic symbol Cs, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 132.91. Cesium has many industrial applications, including the construction of atomic clocks based on its atomic vibrational frequency. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| rubidium Rubidium: An element that is an alkali metal. It has an atomic symbol Rb, atomic number 37, and atomic weight 85.47. It is used as a chemical reagent and in the manufacture of photoelectric cells. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | alkali metal atom | |
| sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | chalcogen; nonmetal atom | macronutrient |
| germacrene d germacrene D: RN in 9th CI Form Index for unspecified stereoisomer: 37839-63-7 | 3 | 4 | 0 | ||
| fumarates Fumarates: Compounds based on fumaric acid.. fumarate(2-) : A C4-dicarboxylate that is the E-isomer of but-2-enedioate(2-) | 2.1 | 1 | 0 | butenedioate; C4-dicarboxylate | human metabolite; metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| cysteine Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3. | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | cysteinium | fundamental metabolite |
| c.i. fluorescent brightening agent 28 4,4'-bis({4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino)stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid : An organosulfonic acid comprising stilbene having 4-anilino-6-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl}amino groups at the 4 and 4'-positions and sulfo groups at the 2- and 2'-positions. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| selenourea [no description available] | 2.31 | 1 | 0 | ||
| cedrene cedrene: major constituent of cedarwood oil. cedr-8-ene : A sesquiterpene that is cedrane which has a double bond between positions 8 and 9. | 2.08 | 1 | 0 | bridged compound; carbotricyclic compound; polycyclic olefin; sesquiterpene | human urinary metabolite; volatile oil component |
| gamma-eudesmol gamma-eudesmol: isomer of beta-eudesmol; found in plants and fungi. gamma-eudesmol : A eudesmane sesquiterpenoid in which the eudesmane skeleton carries a hydroxy substituent at C-11 and has a double bond between C-4 and C-5. | 2.25 | 1 | 0 | eudesmane sesquiterpenoid | volatile oil component |
| vitamin a2 vitamin A2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol : A retinoid derived from 3,4-desaturation of the beta-ionone ring of all-trans-retinol. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | retinoid; vitamin A | human xenobiotic metabolite; marine xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| (10)-shogaol (10)-shogaol: isolated from ginger; structure in first source | 3.25 | 1 | 0 | enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| borneol [no description available] | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | borneol | |
| beta-elemene beta-elemene: increases tumor cell immunogenicity by inducing, at least in part, elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 on tumor cell surface. beta-elemene : A sesquiterpene that consists of cyclohexane bearing methyl and vinyl substituents at position 1 as well as two isopropenyl substituents at positions 2 and 4.. (-)-beta-elemene : The (-)-enantiomer of beta-elemene that has (1S,2S,4R)-configuration. | 2.47 | 2 | 0 | beta-elemene | antineoplastic agent |
| bornyl acetate [no description available] | 2.07 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester; monoterpenoid | |
| isoborneol isoborneol: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure | 2.73 | 3 | 0 | borneol | |
| mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). | 2.49 | 2 | 0 | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| beta-bisabolene (S)-beta-bisabolene : A beta-bisabolene which has (1S)-configuration.. beta-bisabolene : A bisabolene that is cyclohexene substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and a 6-methylhepta-1,5-dien-2-yl group at position 4. | 2.06 | 1 | 0 | beta-bisabolene | |
| nystatin a1 Nystatin: Macrolide antifungal antibiotic complex produced by Streptomyces noursei, S. aureus, and other Streptomyces species. The biologically active components of the complex are nystatin A1, A2, and A3.. nystatin : A heterogeneous mixture of polyene compounds produced by cultures of Streptomyces noursei. It mainly consists of three biologically active components designated nystatin A1, nystatin A2, and nystatin A3. It is used to treat oral and dermal fungal infections.. nystatin A1 : A polyene macrolide antibiotic; part of the nystatin complex produced by several Streptomyces species. It is an antifungal antibiotic used for the treatment of topical fungal infections caused by a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens comprising yeast-like and filamentous species. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | nystatins | |
| nad NAD(1-) : An anionic form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide arising from deprotonation of the two OH groups of the diphosphate moiety. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | organophosphate oxoanion | cofactor; human metabolite; hydrogen acceptor; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| tannins Tannins: Polyphenolic compounds with molecular weights of around 500-3000 daltons and containing enough hydroxyl groups (1-2 per 100 MW) for effective cross linking of other compounds (ASTRINGENTS). The two main types are HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS and CONDENSED TANNINS. Historically, the term has applied to many compounds and plant extracts able to render skin COLLAGEN impervious to degradation. The word tannin derives from the Celtic word for OAK TREE which was used for leather processing. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| oligonucleotides [no description available] | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | ||
| chitosan [no description available] | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | ||
| sodium hypochlorite Sodium Hypochlorite: It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). sodium hypochlorite : An inorganic sodium salt in which hypochlorite is the counterion. It is used as a bleaching and disinfecting agent and is commonly found in household bleach. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | bleaching agent; disinfectant |
| interleukin-8 Interleukin-8: A member of the CXC chemokine family that plays a role in the regulation of the acute inflammatory response. It is secreted by variety of cell types and induces CHEMOTAXIS of NEUTROPHILS and other inflammatory cells. | 2.17 | 1 | 0 | ||
| ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms. | 3.13 | 5 | 0 | ascorbic acid; vitamin C | coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent |
| novobiocin Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus. | 2.6 | 1 | 0 | carbamate ester; ether; hexoside; hydroxycoumarin; monocarboxylic acid amide; monosaccharide derivative; phenols | antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; hepatoprotective agent |
| tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group. | 2.41 | 1 | 0 | benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone | |
| guanine [no description available] | 3.1 | 4 | 0 | 2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| folic acid folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | folic acids; N-acyl-amino acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient |
| 9-methylguanine 9-methylguanine: structure in first source | 2.59 | 2 | 0 | ||
| 9-ethylguanine [no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | ||
| phenanthrenes Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof. | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Condition | Indicated | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced [description not available] | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Carbon Tetrachloride Poisoning Poisoning that results from ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment. | 0 | 2.4 | 2 | 0 |
| Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases. | 0 | 3.39 | 6 | 0 |
| Absence Seizure [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alloxan Diabetes [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer. | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Malignant Melanoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445) | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available] | 0 | 3.06 | 4 | 0 |
| Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function. | 0 | 3.06 | 4 | 0 |
| Benign Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 4.7 | 9 | 0 |
| Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms. | 0 | 4.7 | 9 | 0 |
| Non-communicable Chronic Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.41 | 1 | 0 |
| Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Breast Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.98 | 3 | 0 |
| Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST. | 0 | 2.98 | 3 | 0 |
| Cancer-Associated Pain [description not available] | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Ache [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer Pain Pain that may be caused by or related to cellular, tissue, and systemic changes that occur during NEOPLASM growth, tissue invasion, and METASTASIS. | 0 | 2.72 | 2 | 0 |
| Pain An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS. | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.6 | 1 | 0 |
| Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available] | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Eczema, Atopic [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Hay Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Atopic Hypersensitivity [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Airway Hyper-Responsiveness [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal Allergic rhinitis that occurs at the same time every year. It is characterized by acute CONJUNCTIVITIS with lacrimation and ITCHING, and regarded as an allergic condition triggered by specific ALLERGENS. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Liver [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherogenesis [description not available] | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA. | 0 | 2.25 | 1 | 0 |
| Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Disease [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Fungal Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Mycoses Diseases caused by FUNGI. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Gastric Ulcer [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Hyperlipemia [description not available] | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Cancer [description not available] | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Hyperlipidemias Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood. | 0 | 2.31 | 1 | 0 |
| Colorectal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI. | 0 | 2.83 | 3 | 0 |
| Caries, Dental [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Dental Caries Localized destruction of the tooth surface initiated by decalcification of the enamel followed by enzymatic lysis of organic structures and leading to cavity formation. If left unchecked, the cavity may penetrate the enamel and dentin and reach the pulp. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Infections, Respiratory [description not available] | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases. | 0 | 2.58 | 2 | 0 |
| Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available] | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS. | 0 | 2.59 | 2 | 0 |
| Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51) | 0 | 2.17 | 1 | 0 |
| Nociceptive Pain Dull or sharp aching pain caused by stimulated NOCICEPTORS due to tissue injury, inflammation or diseases. It can be divided into somatic or tissue pain and VISCERAL PAIN. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Allodynia [description not available] | 0 | 2.55 | 2 | 0 |
| Sarcoma 180 An experimental sarcoma of mice. | 0 | 2.21 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Ovary [description not available] | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS. | 0 | 3.03 | 4 | 0 |
| Lung Injury, Acute [description not available] | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Edema, Pulmonary [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pulmonary Edema Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Acute Lung Injury A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological). | 0 | 2.49 | 2 | 0 |
| Cancer of Cervix [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Colon [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Uterine Cervical Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERINE CERVIX. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cancer of Lung [description not available] | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG. | 0 | 2.1 | 1 | 0 |
| Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available] | 0 | 2.11 | 1 | 0 |
| Experimental Neoplasms [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure. | 0 | 3.04 | 1 | 0 |
| Fibrosarcoma A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed) | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Acariasis [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available] | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Emphysema A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs. | 0 | 2.13 | 1 | 0 |
| Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Blood Pressure, High [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more. | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Aphthae [description not available] | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Stomatitis, Aphthous A recurrent disease of the oral mucosa of unknown etiology. It is characterized by small white ulcerative lesions, single or multiple, round or oval. Two to eight crops of lesions occur per year, lasting for 7 to 14 days and then heal without scarring. (From Jablonski's Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p742) | 0 | 2.15 | 1 | 0 |
| Allergic Reaction [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatoses [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Enteric Fever [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Typhoid Fever An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Vibrio cholerae Infection [description not available] | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Cholera An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated. | 0 | 2.05 | 1 | 0 |
| Respiratory Tract Diseases Diseases involving the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. | 0 | 2.07 | 1 | 0 |
| Anasarca [description not available] | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Edema Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE. | 0 | 2.08 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatomycoses Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Ovine Diseases [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Dermatophytoses [description not available] | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Tinea Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON. | 0 | 3.47 | 1 | 1 |
| Insect Bites [description not available] | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Insect Bites and Stings Bites and stings inflicted by insects. | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Sick Building Syndrome A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) | 0 | 2.01 | 1 | 0 |
| Bertielliasis [description not available] | 0 | 1.92 | 1 | 0 |
| Athlete's Foot [description not available] | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Burns Injuries to tissues caused by contact with heat, steam, chemicals (BURNS, CHEMICAL), electricity (BURNS, ELECTRIC), or the like. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Tinea Pedis Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum. | 0 | 1.99 | 1 | 0 |
| Contact Dermatitis [description not available] | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |
| Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms. | 0 | 1.97 | 1 | 0 |