Compounds > choline chloride
Page last updated: 2024-09-20

choline chloride

Description

choline chloride : A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID6209
CHEMBL ID282468
CHEBI ID133341
SCHEMBL ID14957
MeSH IDM0004285

Synonyms (118)

Synonym
ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride
ccris 3716
nsc 402838
cloruro de colina [inn-spanish]
chloride de choline [french]
ai3-18302
cholini chloridum [inn-latin]
(beta-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
hsdb 984
2-hydroxy-n,n,n,-trimethylethanaminium chloride
ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride
choline chloride [inn]
colina cloruro [dcit]
2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium chloride
einecs 200-655-4
chlorure de choline [inn-french]
choline chlorhydrate
hormocline
neocolina
choline (cl)
chloride de choline
67-48-1
biocolina
(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
paresan
lipotril
trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride
nsc-402838
bilineurin chloride
cholinium chloride
choline, chloride
hepacholine
choline chloride
luridin chloride
choline hydrochloride
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride
biocoline
wln: q2k1&1&1 &q &g
NCGC00095059-02
NCGC00095059-01
SPECTRUM1503428
chloride, choline
CHEBI:133341 ,
chlorure de choline
cholini chloridum
cloruro de colina
1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3
HMS2093G05
A16451
CHEMBL282468 ,
fema no. 4500
HMS500F09
FT-0665025
HMS1922E20
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride
A835769
dtxsid4020325 ,
cas-67-48-1
tox21_200492
dtxcid20325
NCGC00258046-01
pharmakon1600-01503428
nsc758473
nsc-758473
S4171
CCG-39465
45i14d8o27 ,
unii-45i14d8o27
colina cloruro
ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1)
ec 200-655-4
FT-0612603
choline chloride [who-dd]
choline chloride [fcc]
choline chloride [hsdb]
2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1)
choline chloride [vandf]
choline chloride [mart.]
choline chloride [inci]
choline chloride [usp-rs]
choline chloride [mi]
AKOS015903458
SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride
SCHEMBL14957
CS-4855
352438-97-2
choline (chloride)
HY-B1337
AB01568267_01
mfcd00011721
F8889-3032
2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride
choline-d13 chloride
sr-01000075745
HMS3652D05
D70213
choline chloride (trimethyl-d9)
SR-01000075745-5
SR-01000075745-3
2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride
cholinechloride
SW219165-1
Q2964153
choline chloride,(s)
AMY13898
FS-3795
EN300-102823
HMS3885F09
choline chloride [hoetn1,1,1]cl
(2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride
choline chloride (usp-rs)
cholinii chloridum
choline chloride (mart.)
cholinium chloratum
cloruro de colina (inn-spanish)
chlorure de choline (inn-french)

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
animal growth promotantSubstances that are administered to farmed animals to improve productivity by promoting weight gain, increasing muscle mass, limiting fat deposition, reducing feed consumption, and reducing waste production.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
chloride salt
quaternary ammonium saltDerivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (23)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency15.43340.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]Homo sapiens (human)Potency49.23590.000214.376460.0339AID720692
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency46.55880.000817.505159.3239AID1159527; AID1159531
aryl hydrocarbon receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.46030.000723.06741,258.9301AID743085
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency31.62280.031610.279239.8107AID884; AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit piRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit deltaRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
GABA theta subunitRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilonRattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency31.62281.000012.224831.6228AID885
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Ki4,000.00000.00020.00130.0030AID30247; AID30248
High affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)17.00000.07204.358017.0000AID1794811
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (8)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
in utero embryonic developmentHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
sodium ion transportHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
neurotransmitter transportHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine biosynthetic processHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
choline transportHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transportHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular synaptic transmissionHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic transmission, cholinergicHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (3)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
choline:sodium symporter activityHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
choline transmembrane transporter activityHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
choline bindingHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
presynaptic membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
dendriteHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
perikaryonHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
axonHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
synapseHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneHigh affinity choline transporter 1Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (9)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID30253Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as Km(app) apparent binding constant1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9
Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase.
AID30247Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as KI(competitive)1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9
Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase.
AID494749Inhibition of [3H]choline uptake at choline transporter 1 in mouse brain synaptosome2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 20, Issue:16
3-D-QSAR and docking studies on the neuronal choline transporter.
AID30248Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as KI(noncompetitive)1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9
Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (16.67)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's5 (83.33)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (16.67%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other5 (83.33%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceDescriptionRelationhip StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
1-butanol[no description available]medium10alkyl alcohol;
primary alcohol;
short-chain primary fatty alcohol		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
protic solvent
dimethyl sulfoxide[no description available]medium10sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
dimethyl sulfone[no description available]medium10sulfone
3,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol[no description available]medium10
methylthioethanol[no description available]medium10aliphatic sulfide;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite;
xenobiotic metabolite
dimethylamine[no description available]medium10methylamines;
secondary aliphatic amine		metabolite
ethanolamine[no description available]medium10ethanolamines;
primary alcohol;
primary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
3-(1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl)pyridine[no description available]medium10N-alkylpyrrolidine;
pyridine alkaloid;
pyrrolidine alkaloid
trimethylamine[no description available]medium10methylamines;
tertiary amine		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite
4-aminopyridine[no description available]medium10aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker
tetraethylammonium[no description available]medium10quaternary ammonium ion
amifampridine[no description available]medium10aminopyridine
methylamine[no description available]medium10methylamines;
one-carbon compound;
primary aliphatic amine		mouse metabolite
tetramethylammonium chloride[no description available]medium10organic molecular entity
quinuclidines[no description available]medium10quinuclidines;
saturated organic heterobicyclic parent
deanol[no description available]medium10ethanolamines;
tertiary amine		curing agent;
radical scavenger
gamma-collidine[no description available]medium10methylpyridines
n-methylaminoethanol[no description available]medium10ethanolamines
3-quinuclidinol[no description available]medium10quinuclidines;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amine
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous[no description available]medium10chloride salt;
organic chloride salt		antiseptic drug;
surfactant
tetrabutylammonium chloride[no description available]medium10organic chloride salt;
tetrabutylammonium salt
dimethylaminopropanol[no description available]medium10
roxarsone[no description available]low002-nitrophenols;
organoarsonic acid		agrochemical;
animal growth promotant;
antibacterial drug;
coccidiostat
salinomycin[no description available]low00polyketide;
spiroketal		animal growth promotant;
potassium ionophore
edrophonium chloride[no description available]low00chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antidote;
diagnostic agent;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
benzethonium chloride[no description available]low00aromatic ether;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
antiseptic drug;
antiviral agent;
disinfectant
bethanechol chloride[no description available]low00carbamate ester;
chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscarinic agonist
suxamethonium chloride[no description available]low00chloride saltmuscle relaxant
hexafluorenium[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
hexamethonium[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide[no description available]low00N-arylpiperazine;
organic iodide salt;
piperazinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
tetraethylammonium chloride[no description available]low00organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		potassium channel blocker
cetrimonium bromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		detergent;
surfactant
acetylcholine chloride[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
bretylium tosylate[no description available]low00organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		adrenergic antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent
methacholine chloride[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
diphemanil methylsulfate[no description available]low00piperidines;
quaternary ammonium salt		bronchodilator agent;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
ambenonium chloride[no description available]low00organic chloride salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
neurotransmitter agent
echothiophate iodide[no description available]low00iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antiglaucoma drug;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
miotic
glycopyrrolate[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide[no description available]low00bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		surfactant
didecyldimethylammonium[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
surfactant
vecuronium bromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent;
nicotinic antagonist
atracurium besylate[no description available]low00organosulfonate salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
nicotinic antagonist
dioctyldimethyl ammonium chloride[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
acetylcholine bromide[no description available]low00bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt
propyromazine[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
diponium bromide[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
tiquizium bromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		anti-ulcer drug;
antispasmodic drug;
muscarinic antagonist
decamethoxine[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
rocuronium bromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		muscle relaxant;
neuromuscular agent
Betaine Aldehyde Chloride[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium salt
4-diphenylacetoxy-n-methylpiperidine methiodide[no description available]low00iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		cholinergic antagonist;
muscarinic antagonist
yo-pro 1[no description available]low00cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		fluorochrome
fm1 43[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
pyridinium salt;
quaternary ammonium salt;
tertiary amine		fluorochrome
aclidinium bromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		bronchodilator agent;
muscarinic antagonist
octotropine methylbromide[no description available]low00organic bromide salt;
quaternary ammonium salt		anti-ulcer drug;
muscarinic antagonist;
parasympatholytic
clomipramine[no description available]low00quaternary ammonium saltfluorochrome
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms0low10
Cancer0low10
Encephalitis, Polio0low10
Epidemic Acute Poliomyelitis0low10
Infantile Paralysis0low10
Malignancy0low10
Malignant Neoplasms0low10
Neoplasia0low10
Neoplasm0low10
Neoplasms0low10
Neoplasms, Benign0low10
Polio0low10
Polio Encephalitis0low10
Poliomyelitis0low10
Poliomyelitis Infection0low10
Poliomyelitis, Acute0low10
Poliomyelitis, Nonpoliovirus0low10
Poliomyelitis, Preparalytic0low10
Tumors0low10