choline chloride : A quaternary ammonium salt with choline cation and chloride anion. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 6209 |
| CHEMBL ID | 282468 |
| CHEBI ID | 133341 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 14957 |
| MeSH ID | M0004285 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride |
| ccris 3716 |
| nsc 402838 |
| cloruro de colina [inn-spanish] |
| chloride de choline [french] |
| ai3-18302 |
| cholini chloridum [inn-latin] |
| (beta-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| hsdb 984 |
| 2-hydroxy-n,n,n,-trimethylethanaminium chloride |
| ammonium, (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl-, chloride |
| choline chloride [inn] |
| colina cloruro [dcit] |
| 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium chloride |
| einecs 200-655-4 |
| chlorure de choline [inn-french] |
| choline chlorhydrate |
| hormocline |
| neocolina |
| choline (cl) |
| chloride de choline |
| 67-48-1 |
| biocolina |
| (.beta.-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| paresan |
| lipotril |
| trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride |
| nsc-402838 |
| bilineurin chloride |
| cholinium chloride |
| choline, chloride |
| hepacholine |
| choline chloride |
| luridin chloride |
| choline hydrochloride |
| (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium chloride |
| biocoline |
| wln: q2k1&1&1 &q &g |
| NCGC00095059-02 |
| NCGC00095059-01 |
| SPECTRUM1503428 |
| chloride, choline |
| CHEBI:133341 , |
| chlorure de choline |
| cholini chloridum |
| cloruro de colina |
| 1CDEFBD7-7905-4D2C-BEA8-44A54D9787D3 |
| HMS2093G05 |
| A16451 |
| CHEMBL282468 , |
| fema no. 4500 |
| HMS500F09 |
| FT-0665025 |
| HMS1922E20 |
| 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride |
| 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)ammonium chloride |
| A835769 |
| dtxsid4020325 , |
| cas-67-48-1 |
| tox21_200492 |
| dtxcid20325 |
| NCGC00258046-01 |
| pharmakon1600-01503428 |
| nsc758473 |
| nsc-758473 |
| S4171 |
| CCG-39465 |
| 45i14d8o27 , |
| unii-45i14d8o27 |
| colina cloruro |
| ethanaminium, 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethyl-, chloride (1:1) |
| ec 200-655-4 |
| FT-0612603 |
| choline chloride [who-dd] |
| choline chloride [fcc] |
| choline chloride [hsdb] |
| 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethanaminium chloride (1:1) |
| choline chloride [vandf] |
| choline chloride [mart.] |
| choline chloride [inci] |
| choline chloride [usp-rs] |
| choline chloride [mi] |
| AKOS015903458 |
| SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
| (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethylazanium chloride |
| SCHEMBL14957 |
| CS-4855 |
| 352438-97-2 |
| choline (chloride) |
| HY-B1337 |
| AB01568267_01 |
| mfcd00011721 |
| F8889-3032 |
| 2-hydroxy-n,n,n-trimethylethan-1-aminium chloride |
| choline-d13 chloride |
| sr-01000075745 |
| HMS3652D05 |
| D70213 |
| choline chloride (trimethyl-d9) |
| SR-01000075745-5 |
| SR-01000075745-3 |
| 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride |
| cholinechloride |
| SW219165-1 |
| Q2964153 |
| choline chloride,(s) |
| AMY13898 |
| FS-3795 |
| EN300-102823 |
| HMS3885F09 |
| choline chloride [hoetn1,1,1]cl |
| (2-hydroxyethyl)trimethyl ammonium chloride |
| choline chloride (usp-rs) |
| cholinii chloridum |
| choline chloride (mart.) |
| cholinium chloratum |
| cloruro de colina (inn-spanish) |
| chlorure de choline (inn-french) |
| Item | Process | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Plant-based foods | core-ingredient | 7 |
| Plant-based foods and beverages | core-ingredient | 7 |
| Vegetable fats | core-ingredient | 4 |
| Fats | core-ingredient | 4 |
| Cereals and their products | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Cereals and potatoes | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Dietary supplements | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Milks | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Dairies | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Baby milks | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Baby foods | core-ingredient | 2 |
| Breakfast cereals | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Breakfasts | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Snacks | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Protein shakes | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Bodybuilding supplements | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Ascorbic Acid | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Apple Purée Concentrate | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Apples | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Fruits | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Fruits based foods | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Fruits and vegetables based foods | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Third age baby milk powder | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Growing-up baby formula | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Baby milks in powder | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Infant formulas | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Dried products | core-ingredient | 1 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| animal growth promotant | Substances that are administered to farmed animals to improve productivity by promoting weight gain, increasing muscle mass, limiting fat deposition, reducing feed consumption, and reducing waste production. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| chloride salt | |
| quaternary ammonium salt | Derivatives of ammonium compounds, (NH4(+))Y(-), in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with univalent (usually organyl) groups. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 15.4334 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159521 |
| glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens] | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 49.2359 | 0.0002 | 14.3764 | 60.0339 | AID720692 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 46.5588 | 0.0008 | 17.5051 | 59.3239 | AID1159527; AID1159531 |
| aryl hydrocarbon receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.4603 | 0.0007 | 23.0674 | 1,258.9301 | AID743085 |
| cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 31.6228 | 0.0316 | 10.2792 | 39.8107 | AID884; AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| GABA theta subunit | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 31.6228 | 1.0000 | 12.2248 | 31.6228 | AID885 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choline O-acetyltransferase | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Ki | 4,000.0000 | 0.0002 | 0.0013 | 0.0030 | AID30247; AID30248 |
| High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) | IC50 (µMol) | 17.0000 | 0.0720 | 4.3580 | 17.0000 | AID1794811 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| in utero embryonic development | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| sodium ion transport | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| neurotransmitter transport | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| acetylcholine biosynthetic process | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| choline transport | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| transmembrane transport | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| neuromuscular synaptic transmission | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| synaptic transmission, cholinergic | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Process | via Protein(s) | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| choline:sodium symporter activity | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| choline transmembrane transporter activity | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| choline binding | High affinity choline transporter 1 | Homo sapiens (human) |
| [Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release] | ||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID30253 | Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as Km(app) apparent binding constant | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9 | Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase. |
| AID30247 | Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as KI(competitive) | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9 | Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase. |
| AID494749 | Inhibition of [3H]choline uptake at choline transporter 1 in mouse brain synaptosome | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 20, Issue:16 | 3-D-QSAR and docking studies on the neuronal choline transporter. |
| AID30248 | Compound was evaluated for reversible inhibition of hydrolysis acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase and represented as KI(noncompetitive) | 1985 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 28, Issue:9 | Effects of charge, volume, and surface on binding of inhibitor and substrate moieties to acetylcholinesterase. |
| AID977602 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID977599 | Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM | 2013 | Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6 | Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors. |
| AID588519 | A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities | 2011 | Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3 | High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors. |
| AID540299 | A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 2010 | Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21 | Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. |
| AID1159550 | Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening | 2015 | Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11 | 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (16.67) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 0 (0.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 5 (83.33) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (67.28) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 1 (16.67%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 5 (83.33%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||