Compounds > 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
Page last updated: 2024-12-04

2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID854
CHEBI ID143528
SCHEMBL ID10944

Synonyms (51)

Synonym
nsc122762
nsc1941 ,
wln: t6otj bq cq dq eq -l
arabinose (l)
nsc26213
nsc224430
citrus pectin
2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentanal
9000-69-5
D10C5F52-39AD-444C-B154-00E9820D8754
20235-19-2
FT-0695061
calcium pectinate
methoxy pectin
CHEBI:143528
A825486
2,3,4,5-tetrakis(oxidanyl)pentanal
AKOS006227855
dl-lyxose
FT-0624344
FT-0601177
FT-0625537
FT-0627593
FT-0627608
FT-0627947
FT-0625534
FT-0627693
amidated pectin
d-arabinose-1-13c
AKOS016370670
SCHEMBL10944
pentose #
FT-0698213
pectin from citrus
HMS3651O12
53106-52-8
methoxyl pectin
SY052562
butanoic acid,2-methyl-, hexyl ester
SY038268
SY037132
(+/-)-arabinose; dl-arabinose; dl-arabinose
STL509322
(+/-)-xylos
AS-56403
pectin (technical grade)
YA158357
SY056700
DTXSID101333192
EN300-81509
SY073917

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Nephrotoxicity is a major toxic effect in chemotherapy, which constitutes up to 60% of hospitalized acute kidney injury (AKI)."( Galectin 3 inhibition attenuates renal injury progression in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
Feng, JX; Li, HY; Li, JC; Yang, S, 2018)		0.48
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (18 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Herbs, Botanicals & Homeopathy8
Food & Beverages1
Vitamins & Supplements8
Active Lifestyle & Fitness1

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Cymbiotika Elderberry Immune Support -- 26 PouchesCymbiotikaHerbs, Botanicals & HomeopathyCitrus Pectin, Vitamin E, Vitamin E2024-11-29 10:47:42
KIND Gluten Free Healthy Grains Granola Clusters Vanilla Blueberry -- 11 ozKINDFood & Beveragescitrus pectin, amaranth, Vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin E, glycerine, Vitamin A, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Apple Cider Vinegar Gummies -- 750 mg - 60 GummiesMason NaturalVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Prenatal Multivitamin with DHA & Zinc Banana Orange -- 60 GummiesMason NaturalVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta carotene, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Vitamin E, Folate, Vitamin E, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, sodium citrate, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B62024-11-29 10:47:42
Mason Natural Sambucus Elderberry with Echinacea & Propolis Raspberry -- 60 GummiesMason NaturalHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mushroom Revival Cordyceps Energy Gummies -- 30 ServingsMushroom RevivalHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, trisodium citrate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mushroom Revival Mushroom Mix Daily 10 Gummies -- 30 ServingsMushroom RevivalHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, trisodium citrate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Mushroom Revival Reishi Calm Gummies -- 30 ServingsMushroom RevivalHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, trisodium citrate2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Biotin Hair Skin & Nails Gummies Natural Strawberry -- 10000 mcg - 60 Vegan GummiesNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, Biotin, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Elderberry Gummies Sambucus Immune Support Natural Berry -- 60 GummiesNutraChampsHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Turmeric & Ginger Gummies Natural Tropical Fruit -- 60 GummiesNutraChampsHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, citric acid, citric acid, sodium citrate, Cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin C 5-In-1 Antioxidant Immune Support Gummies Natural Orange & Cherry -- 60 Vegan GummiesNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, beta-carotene, citric acid, sodium citrate, cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
NutraChamps Vitamin D3 + B12 Gummies Raspberry -- 60 GummiesNutraChampsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin D3, citric acid, Folate, sodium citrate, Sugar, Vitamin B122024-11-29 10:47:42
Nutri Super Cranberry Gummies -- 60 GummiesNutriHerbs, Botanicals & Homeopathycitrus pectin, citric acid, adipic acid, citric acid, Cane sugar2024-11-29 10:47:42
Snap Supplements L-Carnitine Gummies Blueberry -- 60 GummiesSnap SupplementsActive Lifestyle & Fitnesscitrus pectin, adipic acid, maltitol2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Super Bio C Buffered -- 250 VegCapsSolarayVitamins & SupplementsCitrus Pectin, Vitamin C, cellulose, stearic acid2024-11-29 10:47:42
Solaray Super Bio Vitamin C -- 1000 mg - 360 VegCapsSolarayVitamins & SupplementsCitrus Pectin, Vitamin C, cellulose, calcium carbonate2024-11-29 10:47:42
Vitamin Friends Boost Appetite Vegetarian Gummies Orange -- 60 GummiesVitamin FriendsVitamins & Supplementscitrus pectin, citric acid, Vitamin C, citric acid2024-11-29 10:47:42

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
pentoseA five-carbon monosaccharide which in its linear form contains either an aldehyde group at position 1 (aldopentose) or a ketone group at position 2 (ketopentose).
polyolA compound that contains two or more hydroxy groups.
hydroxyaldehyde
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathways (1)

PathwayProteinsCompounds
glucose and glucose-1-phosphate degradation434

Research

Studies (90)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's51 (56.67)24.3611
2020's39 (43.33)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 25.94

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index25.94 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.51 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.66 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index31.58 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (25.94)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.22%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational1 (1.11%)0.25%
Other87 (96.67%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
adenine
[no description available]		2.11106-aminopurines;
purine nucleobase		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.610trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.66202-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
hydrogen
Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.		2.1710elemental hydrogen;
elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity		antioxidant;
electron donor;
food packaging gas;
fuel;
human metabolite
propionic acid
propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.		2.3110saturated fatty acid;
short-chain fatty acid		antifungal drug
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.3110aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
theophylline
[no description available]		2.1510dimethylxanthineadenosine receptor antagonist;
anti-asthmatic drug;
anti-inflammatory agent;
bronchodilator agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
fungal metabolite;
human blood serum metabolite;
immunomodulator;
muscle relaxant;
vasodilator agent
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		2.3110catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.610aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		3.9730D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cyclopentane
Cyclopentanes: A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.. cyclopentanes : Cyclopentane and its derivatives formed by substitution.		2.1310cycloalkane;
cyclopentanes;
volatile organic compound		non-polar solvent
cyclopentenone
2-cyclopenten-1-one : An enone that is cyclopentanone having a C=C double bond at position 2.		2.1310alicyclic ketone;
enone		Hsp70 inducer
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.610
fucose
Fucose: A six-member ring deoxysugar with the chemical formula C6H12O5. It lacks a hydroxyl group on the carbon at position 6 of the molecule.. L-fucopyranose : The pyranose form of L-fucose.. fucose : Any deoxygalactose that is deoxygenated at the 6-position.		2.4110fucopyranose;
L-fucose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
ponceau 4r
ponceau 4R: structure in first source		2.4110
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		2.4110copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
uranium
Uranium: A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol U, atomic number 92, and atomic weight 238.03. U-235 is used as the fissionable fuel in nuclear weapons and as fuel in nuclear power reactors.		2.2110actinoid atom;
f-block element atom;
monoatomic uranium
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		2.1310sodium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate
tricalcium phosphate: a form of tricalcium phosphate used as bioceramic bone replacement material; see also records for alpha-tricalcium phosphate, beta-tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate; apatitic tricalcium phosphate Ca9(HPO4)(PO4)5(OH) is the calcium orthophosphate leading to beta tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 (b-TCP). calcium phosphate : A calcium salt composed of calcium and phosphate/diphosphate ions; present in milk and used for the mineralisation of calcified tissues.		2.8220calcium phosphate
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.3110benzenes;
phenyl acetates
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.3110
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.2110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
glycyl-histidyl-lysine
glycyl-histidyl-lysine: found in human plasma; promotes proliferation of hepatoma cells, lymphocytes & mycoplsma; maintains viability of hepatocytes, eosinophils and macrophages; inhibits growth of glial cells; RN given refers to (L)-isomer. Gly-His-Lys : A tripeptide composed of glycine, L-histidine and L-lysine residues joined in sequence.		2.2510tripeptidechelator;
hepatoprotective agent;
metabolite;
vulnerary
thiodigalactoside
thiodigalactoside: RN given refers to beta-D-galactopyranoside (D-Gal)-isomer		3.2710
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.0710
paris saponin vii
Paris saponin VII: has antineoplastic activity; isolated from Trillium tschonoskii; structure in first source		2.3110
arabinose
[no description available]		2.4110L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
n-acetyllactosamine
N-acetyllactosamine: RN given refers to D-isomer. N-acetyllactosamine : A beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine having beta-configuration at the reducing end anomeric centre.		2.1710beta-D-Galp-(1->4)-D-GlcpNAc
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.610cyclodextrin
ferulic acid
ferulate : A monocarboxylic acid anion obtained by the deprotonation of the carboxy group of ferulic acid.		2.1510ferulic acidsanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		7.62880D-galactopyranuronic acid
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		2.6104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		2.4110
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.3110stilbene
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.2110aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)		2.1710
laccase
Laccase: A copper-containing oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 4-benzenediol to 4-benzosemiquinone. It also has activity towards a variety of O-quinols and P-quinols. It primarily found in FUNGI and is involved in LIGNIN degradation, pigment biosynthesis and detoxification of lignin-derived products.		2.1510
calixarenes
Calixarenes: Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.. calixarenes : Originally macrocyclic compounds capable of assuming a basket (or "calix") shaped conformation. They are formed from p-hydrocarbyl phenols and formaldehyde. The term now applies to a variety of derivatives by substitution of the hydrocarbon cyclo{oligo[(1,3-phenylene)methylene]}.. calixarene : A macrocycle composed of 1,3-phenylene groups linked by methylene groups. The number of 1,3-phenylene units in the macrocycle is denoted by the "n" in calix[n]arene name.		3.2710
galactomannan
galactomannan: a galectin inhibitor. galactomannan : A heteroglycan consisting of a mannan backbone with galactose side groups.		3.9730oligosaccharide
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.6920carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
cryptoxanthins
Cryptoxanthins: Mono-hydroxylated xanthophylls formed from the hydroxylation of BETA-CAROTENE. Isomers include: beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha-cryptoxanthin, and zeinoxanthin. The alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin are provitamin A precursors.. beta-cryptoxanthin : A carotenol that exhibits antioxidant activity. It has been isolated from fruits such as papaya and oranges.		2.1710carotenolantioxidant;
biomarker;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
pterostilbene
[no description available]		2.3110diether;
methoxybenzenes;
stilbenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
hypoglycemic agent;
neuroprotective agent;
neurotransmitter;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
bafilomycin a
[no description available]		2.1110
cefotaxime
Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.		2.15101,3-thiazoles;
cephalosporin;
oxime O-ether		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.3110
atrial natriuretic factor
Atrial Natriuretic Factor: A potent natriuretic and vasodilatory peptide or mixture of different-sized low molecular weight PEPTIDES derived from a common precursor and secreted mainly by the HEART ATRIUM. All these peptides share a sequence of about 20 AMINO ACIDS.		2.3110polypeptide
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		3.1140glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		2.17101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
chitosan
[no description available]		2.7220
cardiovascular agents
Cardiovascular Agents: Agents that affect the rate or intensity of cardiac contraction, blood vessel diameter, or blood volume.		2.3110
mannans
[no description available]		3.9730
peptones
Peptones: Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)		2.1310
natriuretic peptide, brain
Natriuretic Peptide, Brain: A PEPTIDE that is secreted by the BRAIN and the HEART ATRIA, stored mainly in cardiac ventricular MYOCARDIUM. It can cause NATRIURESIS; DIURESIS; VASODILATION; and inhibits secretion of RENIN and ALDOSTERONE. It improves heart function. It contains 32 AMINO ACIDS.		2.3110polypeptide
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.1710
rhamnogalacturonan i
rhamnogalacturonan I: pectic polysaccharide from sycamore cell walls; composed of galactosyluronic acid, rhamnosyl, galactosyl, arabinosyl & fucosyl residues. rhamnogalacturonan I : A family of polysaccharides that all contain a linear backbone composed of repeating units of the disaccharide alpha-D-GalpA-(l->2)-alpha-L-Rhap joined by alpha-(1->4) linkages.		2.7220
3-methyladenine
N3-methyladenine: structure in first source		2.1110
araban
araban: contains arabinose & galactose		2.2510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Anoxemia
[description not available]		02.4110
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.7220
Hypoxia
Sub-optimal OXYGEN levels in the ambient air of living organisms.		02.4110
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.7220
Cardiac Remodeling, Ventricular
[description not available]		02.6320
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		04.05120
Cardiac Hypertrophy
Enlargement of the HEART due to chamber HYPERTROPHY, an increase in wall thickness without an increase in the number of cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). It is the result of increase in myocyte size, mitochondrial and myofibrillar mass, as well as changes in extracellular matrix.		02.3110
Cardiomegaly
Enlargement of the HEART, usually indicated by a cardiothoracic ratio above 0.50. Heart enlargement may involve the right, the left, or both HEART VENTRICLES or HEART ATRIA. Cardiomegaly is a nonspecific symptom seen in patients with chronic systolic heart failure (HEART FAILURE) or several forms of CARDIOMYOPATHIES.		02.3110
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.9430
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.9430
Candida Infection
[description not available]		02.610
Candidiasis
Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)		02.610
Allergy, Nut
[description not available]		02.610
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		02.610
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		02.610
Nut Hypersensitivity
Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.		02.610
Aortic Stenosis
[description not available]		03.9840
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		04.6180
Cirrhosis, Liver
[description not available]		03.1210
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.4940
Aortic Valve Stenosis
A pathological constriction that can occur above (supravalvular stenosis), below (subvalvular stenosis), or at the AORTIC VALVE. It is characterized by restricted outflow from the LEFT VENTRICLE into the AORTA.		03.9840
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		04.6180
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		03.5120
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.		03.1210
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		04.4940
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.2110
Diathesis
[description not available]		02.2510
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.6620
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		02.6120
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.6620
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		02.6120
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.8830
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.3110
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.3110
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.3110
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		02.4110
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		02.4110
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.1510
Atheroma
[description not available]		02.1510
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.1510
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.8330
Calcification, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.5420
Calcinosis
Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.		02.5420
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.8530
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		02.1710
Albuminuria
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.		02.1710
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		02.1710
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.8530
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.1510
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
[description not available]		02.1510
Dilatation, Pathologic
The condition of an anatomical structure's being dilated beyond normal dimensions.		02.1510
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal
An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.		02.1510
Genetic Predisposition
[description not available]		02.1710
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.1710
Angiogenesis, Pathologic
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.1710
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.1710
Fatty Liver, Nonalcoholic
[description not available]		02.1710
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Fatty liver finding without excessive ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION.		02.1710
Hemorrhage, Subarachnoid
[description not available]		02.8930
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.		02.8930
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.1710
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.1710
Cardiomyopathy, Congestive
[description not available]		02.6120
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease that is characterized by ventricular dilation, VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, and HEART FAILURE. Risk factors include SMOKING; ALCOHOL DRINKING; HYPERTENSION; INFECTION; PREGNANCY; and mutations in the LMNA gene encoding LAMIN TYPE A, a NUCLEAR LAMINA protein.		02.6120
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.2110
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.2110
Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous
A malignant cystic or semicystic neoplasm. It often occurs in the ovary and usually bilaterally. The external surface is usually covered with papillary excrescences. Microscopically, the papillary patterns are predominantly epithelial overgrowths with differentiated and undifferentiated papillary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells. Psammoma bodies may be present. The tumor generally adheres to surrounding structures and produces ascites. (From Hughes, Obstetric-Gynecologic Terminology, 1972, p185)		02.2110
Heavy Metal Poisoning
Poisoning that results from chronic or acute ingestion, injection, inhalation, or skin absorption of HEAVY METALS. Acute and chronic exposures can cause ANEMIA; KIDNEY and LIVER damage; PULMONARY EDEMA; MEMORY LOSS and behavioral changes; bone deformities in children; and MISCARRIAGE or PREMATURE LABOR in pregnant women.		02.2110
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.2110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.2110
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.2110
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		02.2110
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.2110
Peripheral Nerve Injury
[description not available]		02.1310
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.1310
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.1310
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.1310
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.		02.1310
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.1310
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.1310
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.1310
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.1310
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.1310
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