Compounds > 5-fluorouridine
Page last updated: 2024-11-05

5-fluorouridine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

5-Fluorouridine (5-FUrd) is a nucleoside analog that acts as a potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. It is synthesized by replacing the hydrogen at the 5' position of uridine with a fluorine atom. This structural modification disrupts the enzyme's catalytic activity and prevents the synthesis of thymidine monophosphate (TMP), a crucial building block for DNA. As a result, 5-FUrd inhibits DNA replication and cell proliferation. This potent anti-cancer activity has made 5-FUrd a cornerstone in the treatment of various cancers, including colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers. The compound has been extensively studied to understand its mechanism of action, optimize its therapeutic efficacy, and explore new applications. Research continues to investigate its potential in combination therapies, overcoming drug resistance, and developing targeted delivery systems for enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID9427
CHEMBL ID54918
CHEBI ID40154
SCHEMBL ID53091
MeSH IDM0042354

Synonyms (67)

Synonym
BIDD:GT0496
beta-d-5fdu
5-fluoro-1-.beta.-d-ribofuranosyluracil
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-fluoro-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
nsc-146604
5-fluorouridine ,
uridine, 5-fluoro-
FUR ,
5-fur
316-46-1
5-fluorouridine, proapoptotic anitproliferative plant growth regulator
5-fluoro-uridine
5-fluorouracil 1beta-d-ribofuranoside
DB01629
18814-21-6
5UD ,
NCGC00142485-01
einecs 206-260-3
brn 0033662
nsc 146604
furd
1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4(1h,3h)-dione
1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione(5f-durd)
bdbm50132299
1-((2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
cid_1821
1-((2r,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-5-fluoro-1h-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
CHEMBL54918 ,
chebi:40154 ,
1-[(2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidine-2,4-dione
NCGC00142485-03
NCGC00142485-02
1-[(4s,2r,3r,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-5-fluoro-1,3-dihy dropyrimidine-2,4-dione
fluorouridine
5-fluoro-d-uridine
5-fluoro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)uracil
A820941
1-[(3r,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-5-fluoro-pyrimidine-2,4-dione;fluorouridine
AKOS015918304
c9h11fn2o6
4-24-00-01231 (beilstein handbook reference)
4k0m952561 ,
unii-4k0m952561
AKOS015852922
F58596
5-fluoro uridine
gtpl4614
5-fluorouracil-.beta.-d-ribofuranoside
5-fluorouracil-1.beta.-d-ribofuranoside
SCHEMBL53091
J-700089
1-.beta.-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluoro-(1h,3h)-pyrimidine-2,4-dione
5-fluorouracil 1-.beta.-d-arabinosyl
2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione, 1-.beta.-d-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluoro-
mfcd00036832
DTXSID4040397
4PB2
5-fluorouridine, >=99.0% (hplc)
Q27073979
AS-13467
AMY247
CS-0030739
HY-107856
EN300-221740
PD008907
Z1741958657
BP-58617

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" FdUrd, in particular, had a very minor effect on rRNA production even at very toxic drug concentrations."( Correlation between ribosomal RNA production and RNA-directed fluoropyrimidine cytotoxicity.
Armstrong, RD; Cadman, EC; Takimoto, CH; Tan, YY, 1987)		0.27
" Lidoflazine had fewer adverse effects."( Modulation of 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine toxicity by membrane transport inhibitors in normal tissues of rats with liver adenocarcinoma.
Christensson, PI; el Hag, IA; Erichsen, C; Jakobsson, B; Jönsson, PE; Stenram, U, )		0.41
" Our study suggests that liposome-encapsulated 5-FUR is not toxic to the retina even at doses of 1 mg."( Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of intravitreal liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouridine.
Casaroli, R; Corcostegui, B; Fonseca, MJ; García-Arumí, J; Isart, FR; Mateo, C; Pascual, R, 1997)		0.53

Pharmacokinetics

The current study evaluated the pharmacokinetic behavior of intravitreally injected 5-fluorouridine (5-FUR), free and encapsulated in liposomes, either conventionally or coated with collagen into 25 New Zealand rabbits.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Furthermore the differing levels of 5-FU metabolites in normal and malignant tissue could not be correlated with the pharmacokinetic parameters studied."( The relationship between plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue metabolites of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with colorectal cancer.
Chisholm, EM; Finan, PJ; Giles, GR; Woodhouse, L, 1987)		0.27
"Described are some pharmacokinetic parameters for 5-fluorouridine, a potentially useful intermediate metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), following subconjunctival and intravitreal injection in the pigmented rabbit."( Uptake and clearance of 5-fluorouridine following subconjunctival and intravitreal injection.
Blumenkranz, MS; Hartzer, M; Hernandez, E; Huang, DS, 1988)		0.83
" Liposome encapsulation of these antiproliferative drugs may extend the intravitreal half-life and increase their efficacy."( Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of intravitreal liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouridine.
Casaroli, R; Corcostegui, B; Fonseca, MJ; García-Arumí, J; Isart, FR; Mateo, C; Pascual, R, 1997)		0.53
"The current study evaluated the pharmacokinetic behavior of intravitreally injected 5-fluorouridine (5-FUR), free and encapsulated in liposomes, either conventionally or coated with collagen into 25 New Zealand rabbits."( Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of intravitreal liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouridine.
Casaroli, R; Corcostegui, B; Fonseca, MJ; García-Arumí, J; Isart, FR; Mateo, C; Pascual, R, 1997)		0.75
"The half-life of free 5-FUR after liposome injection into the vitreous cavity was 18."( Pharmacokinetics and retinal toxicity of intravitreal liposome-encapsulated 5-fluorouridine.
Casaroli, R; Corcostegui, B; Fonseca, MJ; García-Arumí, J; Isart, FR; Mateo, C; Pascual, R, 1997)		0.53
" The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of doxifluridine and its two major metabolites, 5-FU, and 5-fluorouridine (5-FUrd), in beagle dogs following a single oral administration of 200 mg doxifluridine capsule (Furtulon(®))."( Pharmacokinetic analysis of doxifluridine and its metabolites, 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine, after oral administration in beagle dogs.
Baek, IH; Kim, MS; Kwon, KI; Lee, BY, 2013)		0.82

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Dose-response curves for each agent indicate the following absolute potency: FUDR greater than FUR greater than ARA-C greater than 5-FU = bleomycin greater than DFUR."( Evaluation of antiproliferative agents using a cell-culture model.
Senderoff, RI; Smith, DR; Sokoloski, TD; Weber, PA, 1990)		0.28
"FOLFIRINOX and FOLFOXIRI are combination chemotherapy treatments that incorporate the same drug cocktail (folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan) but exploit an altered dosing regimen when used in the management of pancreatic and colorectal cancer, respectively."( A single microbubble formulation carrying 5-fluorouridine, Irinotecan and oxaliplatin to enable FOLFIRINOX treatment of pancreatic and colon cancer using ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction.
Callan, B; Callan, JF; Gao, J; Griffith, DM; Logan, KA; Love, M; McHale, AP; McKaig, T; Nesbitt, H; Taylor, M, 2021)		0.89
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
mutagenAn agent that increases the frequency of mutations above the normal background level, usually by interacting directly with DNA and causing it damage, including base substitution.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
uridines
organofluorine compoundAn organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
ATAD5 protein, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency7.16510.004110.890331.5287AID624252; AID686934; AID720565
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.09780.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.00527.809829.0929AID588855
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency1.55870.00018.4406100.0000AID720579; AID720580
hemoglobin subunit betaHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.98110.31629.086131.6228AID1405
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform aHomo sapiens (human)Potency25.11890.316212.443531.6228AID902
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency2.23870.058010.694926.6086AID602310
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Thymidylate kinaseMycobacterium tuberculosis H37RvKi521.00004.50008.500010.0000AID210904
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (79)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID124969Weight loss of mice on the day of death when a dose of 50 mkdx5 was administered intraperitoneally1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID99611In vitro inhibitory growth activity against L1210 leukemic cells by incubating 5 x 10E4 cells/mL for 48 hour in 2 mL of media.1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID128230Antitumor activity was determined for average 7-day weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID393526Antitumor activity against human MCF7 cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID71905The percentage of increase in life span was determined1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Monophosphoric acid diesters of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and of pyrimidine nucleosides as potential antitumor agents: synthesis and preliminary evaluation of antitumor activity.
AID96643Cytostatic activity against proliferation of L1210/BdU cells (deoxythymidine kinase deficient L1210 cells)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Synthesis, structure, and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 5-halouridine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.
AID138862Antitumor activity was determined for 7-day average percent weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID96153In vitro antitumor activity in K-562 cell lines1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID138870Antitumor activity was determined for 7-day average percent weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID138748Antitumor activity was determined for 7-day average percent weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589769Antiviral activity against Human parainfluenza virus 3 infected in Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589883Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells in presence of 500 uM uracil2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589879Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells in presence of 500 uM uracil2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589991Antiviral activity against Human coxsackievirus B4 infected in HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID1132731Antitumor activity against mouse S180 cells allografted in mouse assessed as tumor growth inhibition at 5 mg/kg, ip qd for 8 days1977Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 20, Issue:3
Fluorinated Pyrimidine nucleosides. 1. Synthesis of a nitrogen analogue of the antitumor agent 2,2'-anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-5-fluorocytosine hydrochloride.
AID128243Antitumor activity was determined for average weight on day 1 against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID99619Inhibition of incorporation of [3H]deoxyuridine in L1210 cells at 1*10e-9 M compound concentration1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID124968Weight loss of mice on the day of death when a dose of 200 mkdx5 was administered intraperitoneally1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID589987Antiviral activity against Vesicular stomatitis virus infected in HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID20060Catalytical constant (app Km)of the compound was evaluated at pH 61996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID136481Antitumor activity was determined for median survival of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589872Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells after 2 days by coulter counting analysis2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID136514Antitumor activity was determined for survival range of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589878Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells in presence of 500 uM uridine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID132204Percent increase in life span against P-388 leukemia in mice was determined at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID94392Evaluated for median survival time against Kreb II murine sarcoma cells in female Swiss/OF1 mice after ip administration of 80 uM/kg per day1990Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 33, Issue:8
Monophosphoric acid diesters of 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol and of pyrimidine nucleosides as potential antitumor agents: synthesis and preliminary evaluation of antitumor activity.
AID19934Efficacy was determined as ratio of Vmax to that of Km1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID393532Antitumor activity against human Hs 578T cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID393527Antitumor activity against human MDA468 cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID43697Concentration required for the 50% inhibition of growth of CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells in culture1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8
Synthesis and biological activity of 5'-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides.
AID165908Cytostatic activity against proliferation of Raji/0 cells (human lymphoblast Raji cells)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Synthesis, structure, and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 5-halouridine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.
AID393538Antitumor activity against human SNB19 cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID589876Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells in presence of 20 uM thymidine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589768Antiviral activity against Reovirus 1 infected in Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID128222Antitumor activity was determined for average 7-day weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589990Antiviral activity against Human coxsackievirus B4 infected in Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID136503Antitumor activity was determined for survival range of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID99615Increase in inhibitory activity against L1210 cells in cultures, by addition of 1*10e-5 M exogenous thymidine to cultures1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID116987Percent increase in lifespan of mice after L1210 leukemic tumor cell inoculation at a dose of 5 mkdx3 was administered intraperitoneally1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID136488Antitumor activity was determined for median survival of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID91371In vitro antitumor activity in IM-9 cell lines1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID165909Cytostatic activity against proliferation of Raji/TK cells (deoxythymidine kinase deficient Raji cells)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Synthesis, structure, and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 5-halouridine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.
AID132211Percent increase in life span against P-388 leukemia in mice was determined at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589988Antiviral activity against Respiratory syncytial virus infected in HeLa cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589873Cytostatic activity against mouse FM3A cells after 2 days by coulter counting analysis2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID99612Inhibition of L1210 leukemic cell growth in mice 1 hr after exposure to 5*10e-8 M of compound1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID25344Catalytical constant was evaluated1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID214063In vitro antitumor activity in U-937 cell lines1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID589882Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells in presence of 500 uM uridine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID98673Evaluated for cytotoxicity against L1210 mouse leukemia cells1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID116986Percent increase in lifespan of mice after L1210 leukemic tumor cell inoculation at a dose of 25 mkdx3 was administered intraperitoneally1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID393534Antitumor activity against human T47D cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID210904Inhibitory activity against thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPK) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis2003Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Sep-15, Volume: 13, Issue:18
Thymidine and thymidine-5'-O-monophosphate analogues as inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidylate kinase.
AID589989Antiviral activity against Sindbis virus infected in Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589863Antiviral activity against Vesicular stomatitis virus infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID132197Percent increase in life span against P-388 leukemia in mice was determined at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID589881Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells in presence of 20 uM 2'-deoxyuridine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID105087In vitro antitumor activity in MOLT-3 cell lines1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID98552Concentration required for the 50% inhibition of growth of L1210 mouse leukemia cells in culture1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Aug, Volume: 25, Issue:8
Synthesis and biological activity of 5'-substituted 5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides.
AID128083Antitumor activity was determined for average 7-day weight change against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID393530Cytotoxicity against human CCD-967 cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID589880Cytostatic activity against human HeLa cells in presence of 20 uM thymidine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID124967Weight loss of mice on the day of death when a dose of 100 mkdx5 was administered intraperitoneally1989Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 32, Issue:4
2'-Fluorinated isonucleosides. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of some methyl 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-2'-pyrimidinyl-D-arabinopyranosides.
AID589986Antiviral activity against Punta Toro virus infected in Vero cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589865Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type-2 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID128256Antitumor activity was determined for average weight on day 1 against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 8 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID136496Antitumor activity was determined for survival range of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID681616TP_TRANSPORTER: drug resistance in MDR1-expressing MCF7 cells2003Pharmaceutical research, Jan, Volume: 20, Issue:1
Enhanced drug-induced apoptosis associated with P-glycoprotein overexpression is specific to antimicrotubule agents.
AID589866Antiviral activity against Herpes simplex virus type-1 infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID589877Cytostatic activity against mouse L1210 cells in presence of 20 uM 2'-deoxyuridine2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID96642Cytostatic activity against proliferation of L1210/0 cells (murine leukemia L1210 cells)1986Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 29, Issue:4
Synthesis, structure, and antitumor and antiviral activities of a series of 5-halouridine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphates.
AID589864Antiviral activity against Vaccinia virus infected in HEL cells assessed as inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effect2011European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 46, Issue:4
Synthesis and biological evaluation of unsaturated keto and exomethylene D-arabinopyranonucleoside analogs: novel 5-fluorouracil analogs that target thymidylate synthase.
AID393536Antitumor activity against human PC3 cells up to 50 uM after 3 days by WST1 assay2009Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-26, Volume: 52, Issue:6
Structure-activity relationships of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors as anticancer agents.
AID22588Catalytical constant (Vmax) was evaluated1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID128249Antitumor activity was determined for average weight on day 1 against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 4 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID136342Antitumor activity was determined for median survival of mice against P-388 leukemia in mice at a dose of 2 mg/kg1982Journal of medicinal chemistry, Sep, Volume: 25, Issue:9
Synthesis and in vivo antitumor activity of potential 5-fluorouracil prodrugs.
AID718193Competitive inhibition of bovine pancreatic RNase A type 12-A assessed as degradation of yeast tRNA preincubated for 10 mins before addition of the enzyme by double reciprocal plot analysis2012Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24
Triazole pyrimidine nucleosides as inhibitors of Ribonuclease A. Synthesis, biochemical, and structural evaluation.
AID155541IIn vitro antitumor activity in PHA-Ly cell lines1996Journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr-12, Volume: 39, Issue:8
6-Substituted and 5,6-disubstituted derivatives of uridine: stereoselective synthesis, interaction with uridine phosphorylase, and in vitro antitumor activity.
AID977611Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Kd) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB2014eLife, Jul-31, Volume: 3Structural basis of nucleoside and nucleoside drug selectivity by concentrative nucleoside transporters.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (231)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199093 (40.26)18.7374
1990's60 (25.97)18.2507
2000's37 (16.02)29.6817
2010's35 (15.15)24.3611
2020's6 (2.60)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.07

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index28.07 (24.57)
Research Supply Index5.49 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.41 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index33.89 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (28.07)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials3 (1.26%)5.53%
Reviews4 (1.67%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other232 (97.07%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
ammonium hydroxide
azane : Saturated acyclic nitrogen hydrides having the general formula NnHn+2.		1.9610azane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotoxin;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
nucleophilic reagent;
refrigerant
phosphonoacetic acid
Phosphonoacetic Acid: A simple organophosphorus compound that inhibits DNA polymerase, especially in viruses and is used as an antiviral agent.. phosphonoacetic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorous is replaced by a carboxymethyl group.		2.3620monocarboxylic acid;
phosphonic acids		antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
cytosine
[no description available]		1.9610aminopyrimidine;
pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		1.9910alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
lipoamide
Lipozyme: lipase from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on anion exchange resin		2.0310dithiolanes;
monocarboxylic acid amide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thioctic acid
Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.		1.9710dithiolanes;
heterocyclic fatty acid;
thia fatty acid		fundamental metabolite;
geroprotector
orotic acid
Orotic Acid: An intermediate product in PYRIMIDINE synthesis which plays a role in chemical conversions between DIHYDROFOLATE and TETRAHYDROFOLATE.. orotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acid that is uracil bearing a carboxy substituent at position C-6.		2.6730pyrimidinemonocarboxylic acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
thymine
[no description available]		2.3620pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uracil
2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine: a urinary biomarker for bipolar disorder		3.3770pyrimidine nucleobase;
pyrimidone		allergen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prodrug;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.		2.4120aminonaphthalene;
naphthalenesulfonic acid		fluorescent probe
alendronate
alendronic acid : A 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid) that is methanebis(phosphonic acid) in which the two methylene hydrogens are replaced by hydroxy and 3-aminopropyl groups.		2.06101,1-bis(phosphonic acid);
primary amino compound		bone density conservation agent;
EC 2.5.1.1 (dimethylallyltranstransferase) inhibitor
chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.. chlorpromazine : A substituted phenothiazine in which the ring nitrogen at position 10 is attached to C-3 of an N,N-dimethylpropanamine moiety.		1.9610organochlorine compound;
phenothiazines;
tertiary amine		anticoronaviral agent;
antiemetic;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
clotrimazole
[no description available]		1.9610conazole antifungal drug;
imidazole antifungal drug;
imidazoles;
monochlorobenzenes		antiinfective agent;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
flucytosine
Flucytosine: A fluorinated cytosine analog that is used as an antifungal agent.. flucytosine : An organofluorine compound that is cytosine that is substituted at position 5 by a fluorine. A prodrug for the antifungal 5-fluorouracil, it is used for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.		3.4980aminopyrimidine;
nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine antifungal drug;
pyrimidone		prodrug
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.		10.86912nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
guanidine
Guanidine: A strong organic base existing primarily as guanidium ions at physiological pH. It is found in the urine as a normal product of protein metabolism. It is also used in laboratory research as a protein denaturant. (From Martindale, the Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed and Merck Index, 12th ed) It is also used in the treatment of myasthenia and as a fluorescent probe in HPLC.. guanidine : An aminocarboxamidine, the parent compound of the guanidines.		2.0810carboxamidine;
guanidines;
one-carbon compound
ethidium
Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.		1.9710phenanthridinesfluorochrome;
intercalator
isoproterenol
Isoproterenol: Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.. isoprenaline : A secondary amino compound that is noradrenaline in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is replaced by an isopropyl group. A sympathomimetic acting almost exclusively on beta-adrenergic receptors, it is used (mainly as the hydrochloride salt) as a bronghodilator and heart stimulant for the management of a variety of cardiac disorders.		2.0810catechols;
secondary alcohol;
secondary amino compound		beta-adrenergic agonist;
bronchodilator agent;
cardiotonic drug;
sympathomimetic agent
miconazole
Miconazole: An imidazole antifungal agent that is used topically and by intravenous infusion.. 1-[2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]imidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles that is 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(imidazol-1-yl)ethanol in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a 2,4-dichlorobenzyl group.. miconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-miconazole. Used (as its nitrate salt) to treat skin infections such as athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm and other fungal skin infections. It inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a critical component of fungal cell membranes.		1.9610dichlorobenzene;
ether;
imidazoles
pamidronate
[no description available]		2.0610phosphonoacetic acid
pyrimethamine
Maloprim: contains above 2 cpds		1.9710aminopyrimidine;
monochlorobenzenes		antimalarial;
antiprotozoal drug;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor
sulfisoxazole
Sulfisoxazole: A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.. sulfisoxazole : A sulfonamide antibacterial with an oxazole substituent. It has antibiotic activity against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.		1.9810isoxazoles;
sulfonamide antibiotic;
sulfonamide		antibacterial drug;
drug allergen
tegafur
[no description available]		3.7630organohalogen compound;
pyrimidines
thymidine
[no description available]		5.38110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
floxuridine
Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.. floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.		9.28562nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
radiosensitizing agent
bromouracil
Bromouracil: 5-Bromo-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Brominated derivative of uracil that acts as an antimetabolite, substituting for thymine in DNA. It is used mainly as an experimental mutagen, but its deoxyriboside (BROMODEOXYURIDINE) is used to treat neoplasms.. 5-bromouracil : A pyrimidine having keto groups at the 2- and 4-positions and a bromo group at the 5-position. Used mainly as an experimental mutagen.		2.940nucleobase analogue;
pyrimidines		mutagen
azauridine
Azauridine: A triazine nucleoside used as an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with pyrimidine biosynthesis thereby preventing formation of cellular nucleic acids. As the triacetate, it is also effective as an antipsoriatic.		3.0650N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazineantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
drug metabolite
idoxuridine
[no description available]		1.9610organoiodine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.		2.6730aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
vincristine
[no description available]		2.0110acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
uridine
[no description available]		12.12193uridinesdrug metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite
uridine monophosphate
Uridine Monophosphate: 5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2', 3' or 5' position.. uridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having uracil as the nucleobase.		2.6930pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
uridine diphosphate
Uridine Diphosphate: A uracil nucleotide containing a pyrophosphate group esterified to C5 of the sugar moiety.		2.3920pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
bromodeoxyuridine
Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.		2.0310pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideantimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
galactose
galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.		7.8940D-galactose;
galactopyranose		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		2.110amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
uridine triphosphate
Uridine Triphosphate: Uridine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A uracil nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		3.4780pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate;
uridine 5'-phosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
phenylalanine
Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
phenylalanine;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine
[no description available]		3.5890cytidinesEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
cytidine triphosphate
Cytidine Triphosphate: Cytidine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A cytosine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9610cytidine 5'-phosphate;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
cycloheximide
Cycloheximide: Antibiotic substance isolated from streptomycin-producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. It acts by inhibiting elongation during protein synthesis.. cycloheximide : A dicarboximide that is 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine-2,6-dione in which one of the hydrogens attached to the carbon bearing the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3,5-dimethyl-2-oxocyclohexyl group. It is an antibiotic produced by the bacterium Streptomyces griseus.		1.9610antibiotic fungicide;
cyclic ketone;
dicarboximide;
piperidine antibiotic;
piperidones;
secondary alcohol		anticoronaviral agent;
bacterial metabolite;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
protein synthesis inhibitor
tubercidin
Tubercidin: An antibiotic purine ribonucleoside that readily substitutes for adenosine in the biological system, but its incorporation into DNA and RNA has an inhibitory effect on the metabolism of these nucleic acids.. tubercidin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is adenosine in which the in the 5-membered ring that is not attached to the ribose moiety is replaced by a carbon. Tubercidin is produced in the culture broth of Streptomyces tubericidus.		1.9710antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
cytarabine
[no description available]		4.4570beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
trifluridine
Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557). trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis.		2.7230nucleoside analogue;
organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.3110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arginine
Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.		2.110arginine;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		biomarker;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical
phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate: The key substance in the biosynthesis of histidine, tryptophan, and purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.. 5-phosphoribosyl diphosphate : A ribose diphosphate carrying an additional phosphate group at position 5.. 5-O-phosphono-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphate : A derivative of alpha-D-ribose having a phosphate group at the 5-position and a diphosphate at the 1-position.		1.99105-O-phosphono-D-ribofuranosyl diphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
phenylhydrazine
[no description available]		1.9610phenylhydrazinesxenobiotic
uridine diphosphate glucose
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.. UDP-alpha-D-glucose : The alpha-anomer of UDP-alpha-D-glucose. It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism.		2.3720UDP-D-glucosefundamental metabolite
fluorodeoxyuridylate
Fluorodeoxyuridylate: 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. An inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. Formed from 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine.		5.01130pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate
2-fluoroadenosine
[no description available]		1.9610adenosines;
organofluorine compound
thiazoles
[no description available]		1.97101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
pyrimidine
pyrimidine : The parent compound of the pyrimidines; a diazine having the two nitrogens at the 1- and 3-positions.		1.9610diazine;
pyrimidines		Daphnia magna metabolite
pyrazines
Pyrazines: A heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2.. pyrazine : A diazine that is benzene in which the carbon atoms at positions 1 and 4 have been replaced by nitrogen atoms.		2.0510diazine;
pyrazines		Daphnia magna metabolite
azacitidine
Azacitidine: A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.. 5-azacytidine : An N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine that is 4-amino-1,3,5-triazin-2(1H)-one substituted by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl residue via an N-glycosidic linkage. An antineoplastic agent, it is used in the treatment of myeloid leukaemia.		2.4420N-glycosyl-1,3,5-triazine;
nucleoside analogue		antineoplastic agent
thymidine monophosphate
Thymidine Monophosphate: 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety.. dTMP : The neutral species of thymidine 5'-monophosphate (2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate).		2.4320thymidine 5'-monophosphatefundamental metabolite
levulinic acid
levulinic acid: inhibits 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5316. 4-oxopentanoic acid : An oxopentanoic acid with the oxo group in the 4-position.		2.0810oxopentanoic acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		plant metabolite
toyocamycin
Toyocamycin: 4-Amino-5-cyano-7-(D-ribofuranosyl)-7H- pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine. Antibiotic antimetabolite isolated from Streptomyces toyocaensis cultures. It is an analog of adenosine, blocks RNA synthesis and ribosome function, and is used mainly as a tool in biochemistry.. toyocamycin : An N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine that is tubercidin in which the hydrogen at position 5 of the pyrrolopyrimidine moiety has been replaced by a cyano group.		7.6530antibiotic antifungal agent;
N-glycosylpyrrolopyrimidine;
nitrile;
ribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
bacterial metabolite
deoxycytidine
[no description available]		3.4311pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
deoxyuridine
[no description available]		3.260pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleosideEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
durapatite
Durapatite: The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.. hydroxylapatite : A phosphate mineral with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH).		2.0610
pseudouridine
[no description available]		3.5180pseudouridinesfundamental metabolite
5-chlorouracil
5-chlorouracil : An organochlorine compound consisting of uracil having an chloro substituent at the 5-position.		1.9610organochlorine compound
5-fluorocytidine
5-fluorocytidine: isolated from DNA of Escherichia coli grown in presence of 5-fluorouracil; structure; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.2160cytidines;
organofluorine compound
doxifluridine
doxifluridine : A pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside that is 5-fluorouridine in which the hydroxy group at the 5' position is replaced by a hydrogen. It is an oral prodrug of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil. Designed to circumvent the rapid degradation of 5-fluorouracil by dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in the gut wall, it is converted into 5-fluorouracil in the presence of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase.		8.99140organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 5'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
prodrug
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		3.0550D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
phosphoric acid, trisodium salt
[no description available]		210sodium phosphate
camptothecin
NSC 100880: carboxylate (opened lactone) form of camptothecin; RN refers to (S)-isomer; structure given in first source		2.9340delta-lactone;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
quinoline alkaloid;
tertiary alcohol		antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
genotoxin;
plant metabolite
fluorine
Fluorine: A nonmetallic, diatomic gas that is a trace element and member of the halogen family. It is used in dentistry as fluoride (FLUORIDES) to prevent dental caries.		3.5890diatomic fluorine;
gas molecular entity		NMR chemical shift reference compound
arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate
Arabinofuranosylcytosine Triphosphate: A triphosphate nucleotide analog which is the biologically active form of CYTARABINE. It inhibits nuclear DNA synthesis.		1.9610
triamcinolone
Triamcinolone: A glucocorticoid given, as the free alcohol or in esterified form, orally, intramuscularly, by local injection, by inhalation, or applied topically in the management of various disorders in which corticosteroids are indicated. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p739). triamcinolone : A C21-steroid hormone that is 1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione carrying four hydroxy substituents at positions 11beta, 16alpha, 17alpha and 21 as well as a fluoro substituent at position 9. Used in the form of its 16,17-acetonide to treat various skin infections.		1.991011beta-hydroxy steroid;
16alpha-hydroxy steroid;
17alpha-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(4) steroid;
C21-steroid hormone;
fluorinated steroid;
glucocorticoid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		anti-allergic agent;
anti-inflammatory drug
alovudine
[no description available]		2.0110pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside
zidovudine
Zidovudine: A dideoxynucleoside compound in which the 3'-hydroxy group on the sugar moiety has been replaced by an azido group. This modification prevents the formation of phosphodiester linkages which are needed for the completion of nucleic acid chains. The compound is a potent inhibitor of HIV replication, acting as a chain-terminator of viral DNA during reverse transcription. It improves immunologic function, partially reverses the HIV-induced neurological dysfunction, and improves certain other clinical abnormalities associated with AIDS. Its principal toxic effect is dose-dependent suppression of bone marrow, resulting in anemia and leukopenia.. zidovudine : A pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside compound having a 3'-azido substituent and thymine as the nucleobase.		2.4420azide;
pyrimidine 2',3'-dideoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug;
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.0110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
ribavirin
Rebetron: Rebetron is tradename		2.1101-ribosyltriazole;
aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
primary carboxamide		anticoronaviral agent;
antiinfective agent;
antimetabolite;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.7.49 (RNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor
gemcitabine
gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.		2.110organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
photosensitizing agent;
prodrug;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic
irinotecan
[no description available]		7.4820carbamate ester;
delta-lactone;
N-acylpiperidine;
pyranoindolizinoquinoline;
ring assembly;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
prodrug
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		3.4980adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
potassium phosphate
potassium phosphate: used in dental materials and to treat hypophosphatemia; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified MF. tripotassium phosphate : An inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid.		1.9810inorganic phosphate salt;
inorganic potassium salt
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		1.9710organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
thymine arabinoside
thymine arabinoside: selectively inhibits replication of herpes simplex virus		2.0110N-glycosyl compound
2'-deoxyuridylic acid
2'-deoxyuridylic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.4120deoxyuridine phosphate;
pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite
5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxythymidine
5'-amino-5'-deoxythymidine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate
3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine 5'phosphate: inhibits thymidylate kinase		2.0110
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine
4-nitrobenzylthioinosine: inhibitor of nucleoside transport; acts on ENT1		1.9710purine nucleoside
edoxudin
[no description available]		2.0110pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside
5-iodouracil
5-iodouracil: RN given refers to parent cpd. 5-iodouracil : An organoiodine compound consisting of uracil having an iodo substituent at the 5-position.		1.9610organoiodine compoundantimetabolite
5-fluoroorotic acid
5-fluoroorotic acid: inhibits the dietary induction of serine dehydratase. 5-fluoroorotic acid : A pyrimidinemonocarboxylic that is orotic acid which is substituted by fluorine at position 5. It is used in yeast molecular genetics to detect expression of the URA3 gene, which encodes orotine-5'-monophosphate dicarboxylase. A yeast with and active URA3 gene converts 5-fluoroorotic acid to fluorodeoxyuridine, which is toxic to cells.		2.3720
n-hydroxysuccinimide
N-hydroxysuccinimide: structure		2.1110
5-bromouridine
5-bromouridine : A uridine having a bromo substituent at the 5-position.		2.9240uridinesmutagen
bromodeoxyuridylate
bromodeoxyuridylate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside
pyrimidin-2-one beta-ribofuranoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; structure		2.110pyrimidine ribonucleosides
3'-amino-2',3'-dideoxythymidine
[no description available]		2.0110
4-bromomethyl-7-methoxycoumarin
[no description available]		1.9710
5-fluorodihydrouracil
5-fluorodihydrouracil: metabolite of 5-fluorouracil; RN given refers to parent cpd		3.411pyrimidone
flavin semiquinone
flavin semiquinone: chromophore found in methanol oxidase		2.0210
methotrexate
[no description available]		2.8840dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
uk 21
UK 21: structure given in first source		1.9910
phytol
[no description available]		7.0810
5-fluorouridine 5'-phosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-monophosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having 5-fluorouracil as the pyrimidine component.		3.2260organofluorine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate		drug metabolite
6-azauridine-5'-monophosphate
6-azauridine-5'-monophosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 6-azauridine 5'-monophosphate : A N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine that is the 6-aza analogue of uridine 5'-monophosphate.		2.0510N-glycosyl-1,2,4-triazine;
nucleoside monophosphate analogue		antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
2'-fluorothymidine
[no description available]		2.0110
phosphoribofuranosylbarbituric acid
[no description available]		2.0510
3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate
[no description available]		2.0110
biotin
vitamin B7 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called biotins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B7 deficiency. Vitamin B7 deficiency is very rare in individuals who take a normal balanced diet. Foods rich in biotin are egg yolk, liver, cereals, vegetables (spinach, mushrooms) and rice. Symptoms associated with vitamin B7 deficiency include thinning hair, scaly skin rashes around eyes, nose and mouth, and brittle nails. The vitamers include biotin and its ionized and salt forms.		710biotins;
vitamin B7		coenzyme;
cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
prosthetic group;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.0610
bortezomib
[no description available]		2.0510amino acid amide;
L-phenylalanine derivative;
pyrazines		antineoplastic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
protease inhibitor;
proteasome inhibitor
glucosamine
D-glucosamine : An amino sugar whose structure comprises D-glucose having an amino substituent at position 2.. 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose : A D-glucosamine whose structure comprises D-glucopyranose having an amino substituent at position 2.		2.3820D-glucosamineEscherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
mouse metabolite
ribothymidine
ribothymidine : A methyluridine having a single methyl substituent at the 5-position on the uracil ring.		2.0710methyluridineantigen;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
brivudine
brivudine: anti-herpes agent		1.9610
5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate
iododeoxyuridylate: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
decitabine
[no description available]		2.44202'-deoxyribonucleoside
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		2.1310
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		2.6730actinomycinmutagen
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine
5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine: structure		3.4311
geraniol
[no description available]		2.08103,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol;
monoterpenoid;
primary alcohol		allergen;
fragrance;
plant metabolite;
volatile oil component
glycosides
[no description available]		2.4120
floxuridine
[no description available]		2.3420
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		2.0210flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
thioinosine
Thioinosine: Sulfhydryl analog of INOSINE that inhibits nucleoside transport across erythrocyte plasma membranes, and has immunosuppressive properties. It has been used similarly to MERCAPTOPURINE in the treatment of leukemia. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p503)		1.9710
5-iodouridine
5-iodouridine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd		1.9610
thioguanine anhydrous
Thioguanine: An antineoplastic compound which also has antimetabolite action. The drug is used in the therapy of acute leukemia.. tioguanine : A 2-aminopurine that is the 6-thiono derivative of 2-amino-1,9-dihydro-6H-purine. Incorporates into DNA and inhibits synthesis. Used in the treatment of leukaemia.		1.96102-aminopurinesanticoronaviral agent;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent
amanitins
Amanitins: Cyclic peptides extracted from carpophores of various mushroom species. They are potent inhibitors of RNA polymerases in most eukaryotic species, blocking the production of mRNA and protein synthesis. These peptides are important in the study of transcription. Alpha-amanitin is the main toxin from the species Amanitia phalloides, poisonous if ingested by humans or animals.		1.9710
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.		210
2-mercaptoacetate
2-mercaptoacetate: RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610monocarboxylic acid anion
pactamycin
Pactamycin: Antibiotic produced by Streptomyces pactum used as an antineoplastic agent. It is also used as a tool in biochemistry because it inhibits certain steps in protein synthesis.		1.9610
lysophosphatidylcholines
lysophosphatidylcholine : An acylglycerophosphocholine resulting from partial hydrolysis of a phosphatidylcholine, which removes one of the fatty acyl groups. The structure is depicted in the image where R1 = acyl, R2 = H or where R1 = H, R2 = acyl.		1.97101-O-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid
(E)-10-hydroxydec-2-enoic acid : An omega-hydroxy amino acid that is 2-decenoic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the terminal carbon is replaced by a hydroxy group and in which the C=C double bond has E configuration. It is a component of royal jelly.		2.1110alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monounsaturated fatty acid;
omega-hydroxy-medium-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain fatty acid		animal metabolite;
geroprotector
5-chlorouridine
[no description available]		2.6830
5-bromouridine triphosphate
5-bromouridine 5'-triphosphate : A pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate having 5-bromouracil as the pyrimidine component.		2.2510organobromine compound;
pyrimidine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate
5-fluorouridine 5'-triphosphate
[no description available]		2.3620
ribose
ribopyranose : The pyranose form of ribose.		1.9510D-ribose;
ribopyranose
sepharose
agarose : A linear polysaccharide made up from alternating D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-alpha-L-galactopyranose residues joined by alpha-(1->3)- and beta-(1->4)-linkages.		1.9610
arabinofuranosyluracil
Arabinofuranosyluracil: A pyrimidine nucleoside formed in the body by the deamination of CYTARABINE.		2.0610
tetrahydrouridine
Tetrahydrouridine: An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.		3.4311
oligonucleotides
[no description available]		7.7330
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.0610glycoside
alpha-amanitin
Alpha-Amanitin: A cyclic octapeptide with a thioether bridge between the cystine and tryptophan. It inhibits RNA POLYMERASE II. Poisoning may require LIVER TRANSPLANTATION.. alpha-amanitin : A heterodetic cyclic peptide consisting of eight amino acid residues and containing a thioether bridge between a cysteine and a tryptophan residue. It is found in a number of poisonous mushrooms, including Amanita phalloides (the death cap), Galerina marginata, and and Conocybe filaris.		2.0510
chitosan
[no description available]		7.0810
arginine
Teniposide: A semisynthetic derivative of PODOPHYLLOTOXIN that exhibits antitumor activity. Teniposide inhibits DNA synthesis by forming a complex with topoisomerase II and DNA. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.. teniposide : A furonaphthodioxole that is a synthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin with anti-tumour activity; causes single- and double-stranded breaks in DNA and DNA-protein cross-links and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding.		1.9710
5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine
5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside composed of 2'-deoxyuridine having a 5-hydroxymethyl substituent.		2.0610
novobiocin
Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189). novobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.		1.9710carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols		antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		1.9710benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		4.48515-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
deoxyguanosine
[no description available]		7.1710purine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside;
purines 2'-deoxy-D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
guanosine triphosphate
Guanosine Triphosphate: Guanosine 5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety.		1.9610guanosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate		Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
guanosine
ribonucleoside : Any nucleoside where the sugar component is D-ribose.		1.9610guanosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		fundamental metabolite
guanosine tetraphosphate
Guanosine Tetraphosphate: Guanosine 5'-diphosphate 2'(3')-diphosphate. A guanine nucleotide containing four phosphate groups. Two phosphate groups are esterified to the sugar moiety in the 5' position and the other two in the 2' or 3' position. This nucleotide serves as a messenger to turn off the synthesis of ribosomal RNA when amino acids are not available for protein synthesis. Synonym: magic spot I.. guanosine 3',5'-bis(diphosphate) : A guanosine bisphosphate having diphosphate groups at both the 3' and 5'-positions.		1.9510guanosine bisphosphateEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
inosine
[no description available]		1.9710inosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		2.0210folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
rifampin
Rifampin: A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)		1.9710cyclic ketal;
hydrazone;
N-iminopiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
rifamycins;
semisynthetic derivative;
zwitterion		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antiamoebic agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antitubercular agent;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.6 (RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
leprostatic drug;
neuroprotective agent;
pregnane X receptor agonist;
protein synthesis inhibitor
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolic acid: RN refers to parent cpd(L-Glu)-isomer		2.420benzamides;
methylenetetrahydrofolic acid
azaguanine
Azaguanine: One of the early purine analogs showing antineoplastic activity. It functions as an antimetabolite and is easily incorporated into ribonucleic acids.. 8-azaguanine : A triazolopyrimidine that consists of 3,6-dihydro-7H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine bearing amino and oxo substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively.		1.9610nucleobase analogue;
triazolopyrimidines		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.4.2.1 (purine-nucleoside phosphorylase) inhibitor
5,11-methenyltetrahydrohomofolate
[no description available]		2.0210
pyrazofurin
pirazofurin : A C-glycosyl compound that is 4-hydroxy-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide in which the hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a beta-D-ribofuranosyl group.		1.9510C-glycosyl compound;
pyrazoles		antimetabolite;
antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 4.1.1.23 (orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase) inhibitor
trypan blue
Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).		1.9710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
EHS Tumor
[description not available]		02.8840
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		03.66100
Carcinoma, Krebs 2
A transplantable neoplasm of mice.		01.9710
Leukemia L 1210
[description not available]		04.89140
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.3720
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.4890
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.3720
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		03.0650
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		06.72221
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.3110
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		06.72221
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.3110
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		02.4220
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		02.4220
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		04.89120
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		16.89120
Cadaver
A dead body, usually a human body.		02.2510
ALS - Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
[description not available]		02.3110
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
A degenerative disorder affecting upper MOTOR NEURONS in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and SPINAL CORD. Disease onset is usually after the age of 50 and the process is usually fatal within 3 to 6 years. Clinical manifestations include progressive weakness, atrophy, FASCICULATION, hyperreflexia, DYSARTHRIA, dysphagia, and eventual paralysis of respiratory function. Pathologic features include the replacement of motor neurons with fibrous ASTROCYTES and atrophy of anterior SPINAL NERVE ROOTS and corticospinal tracts. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1089-94)		02.3110
Akinetic-Rigid Variant of Huntington Disease
[description not available]		02.1510
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy
[description not available]		02.1510
Huntington Disease
A familial disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and characterized by the onset of progressive CHOREA and DEMENTIA in the fourth or fifth decade of life. Common initial manifestations include paranoia; poor impulse control; DEPRESSION; HALLUCINATIONS; and DELUSIONS. Eventually intellectual impairment; loss of fine motor control; ATHETOSIS; and diffuse chorea involving axial and limb musculature develops, leading to a vegetative state within 10-15 years of disease onset. The juvenile variant has a more fulminant course including SEIZURES; ATAXIA; dementia; and chorea. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1060-4)		02.1510
Myotonic Dystrophy
Neuromuscular disorder characterized by PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR ATROPHY; MYOTONIA, and various multisystem atrophies. Mild INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY may also occur. Abnormal TRINUCLEOTIDE REPEAT EXPANSION in the 3' UNTRANSLATED REGIONS of DMPK PROTEIN gene is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 1. DNA REPEAT EXPANSION of zinc finger protein-9 gene intron is associated with Myotonic Dystrophy 2.		02.1510
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.5220
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.5220
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell
[description not available]		03.68100
Adenocarcinoma
A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.		03.68100
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.6730
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		04.4280
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		04.4280
Cancer of Liver
[description not available]		03.0750
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.		03.0750
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.8510
Leukocytopenia
[description not available]		02.8510
Melena
The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.		02.8510
Emesis
[description not available]		02.8510
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		07.8510
Leukopenia
A decrease in the number of LEUKOCYTES in a blood sample below the normal range (LEUKOCYTE COUNT less than 4000).		02.8510
Nausea
An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.		02.8510
Vomiting
The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.		02.8510
Cancer of Rectum
[description not available]		03.0650
Rectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the RECTUM.		03.0650
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0210
Group A Strep Infection
[description not available]		02.0310
Streptococcal Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.		02.0310
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		02.6730
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		02.6730
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		01.9610
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		01.9610
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		03.66100
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		01.9610
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9610
Local Neoplasm Recurrence
[description not available]		01.9610
Bladder Cancer
[description not available]		02.3820
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the URINARY BLADDER.		02.3820
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
A malignant neoplasm derived from TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL CELLS, occurring chiefly in the URINARY BLADDER; URETERS; or RENAL PELVIS.		01.9610
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		01.9610
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.3720
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.3720
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		01.9610
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		01.9610
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		01.9610
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0650
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		01.9610
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		07.6530
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.6530
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9610
Leukemia L5178
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia of mice.		02.8740
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		02.8840
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		02.8840
Metastase
[description not available]		01.9810
Neoplasm Metastasis
The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.		01.9810
Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
[description not available]		02.6830
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.940
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachment
[description not available]		02.3920
Neovascularization, Optic Disc
[description not available]		01.9810
Retinal Detachment
Separation of the inner layers of the retina (neural retina) from the pigment epithelium. Retinal detachment occurs more commonly in men than in women, in eyes with degenerative myopia, in aging and in aphakia. It may occur after an uncomplicated cataract extraction, but it is seen more often if vitreous humor has been lost during surgery. (Dorland, 27th ed; Newell, Ophthalmology: Principles and Concepts, 7th ed, p310-12).		02.3920
Retinal Neovascularization
Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.		01.9810
Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative
Vitreoretinal membrane shrinkage or contraction secondary to the proliferation of primarily retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells, particularly fibrous astrocytes, followed by membrane formation. The formation of fibrillar collagen and cellular proliferation appear to be the basis for the contractile properties of the epiretinal and vitreous membranes.		02.6830
Fibrosarcoma
A sarcoma derived from deep fibrous tissue, characterized by bundles of immature proliferating fibroblasts with variable collagen formation, which tends to invade locally and metastasize by the bloodstream. (Stedman, 25th ed)		01.9810
Eye Disorders
[description not available]		02.3820
Eye Diseases
Diseases affecting the eye.		02.3820
Retinal Diseases
Diseases involving the RETINA.		01.9810
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		0210
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
[description not available]		0210
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		0210
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PERITONEUM.		0210
Cancer of Gastrointestinal Tract
[description not available]		03.3911
Bleeding
[description not available]		02.0110
Neoplasms, Trophoblastic
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemorrhage
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.		02.0110
Bleb
[description not available]		02.8910
Cicatrization
The formation of fibrous tissue in the place of normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING. It includes scar tissue formation occurring in healing internal organs as well as in the skin after surface injuries.		03.2920
Conjunctival Diseases
Diseases involving the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.8910
Complication, Postoperative
[description not available]		03.320
Cicatrix
The fibrous tissue that replaces normal tissue during the process of WOUND HEALING.		03.2920
Glaucoma
An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. (Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)		08.320
Postoperative Complications
Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.		03.320
Fistula
Abnormal communication most commonly seen between two internal organs, or between an internal organ and the surface of the body.		01.9710
Intraocular Pressure
The pressure of the fluids in the eye.		01.9710
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		01.9710
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		01.9710
Sarcoma 180
An experimental sarcoma of mice.		02.6630
Cancer of Eye
[description not available]		01.9710