Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Severe Acute Malnutrition

Acute form of MALNUTRITION which usually affects children, characterized by a very low weight for height (below -3z scores of the median World Health Organization standards), visible severe wasting, or occurrence of nutritional EDEMA. It can be a direct or indirect cause of fatality in children suffering from DIARRHEA and PNEUMONIA. Do not confuse with starvation, a condition in which the body is not getting enough food, usually for extended periods of time.

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Severe Acute Malnutrition

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Their impact in severe acute malnutrition is not clearly established."( Ahmad, F; Aktar, A; Alam, MT; Amin, SE; Chowdhury, B; Hossain, MA; Islam, MN; Kabir, MA; Pandit, P; Tusnim, I, 2022)
"Children with severe acute malnutrition are treated with antibiotics as outpatients."( Berthé, F; Dantas, G; Grais, RF; Isanaka, S; Langdon, A; Langendorf, C; Schwartz, DJ; Sun, X; Trehan, I, 2023)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"Children treated for severe acute malnutrition (SAM) are at risk of refeeding hypophosphatemia."( Babirekere-Iriso, E; Briend, A; Fabiansen, C; Friis, H; Girma, T; Hother, AL; Kæstel, P; Michaelsen, KF; Namusoke, H; Ritz, C; Rytter, MJ, 2016)
"Children who receive in-hospital treatment of severe acute malnutrition often have high mortality rates, and the reasons are not well understood."( Babirekere-Iriso, E; Christensen, VB; Friis, H; Michaelsen, KF; Mortensen, CG; Mupere, E; Namusoke, H; Ritz, C; Rytter, MJ, 2017)

Research

Studies (99)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's0 (0.00)18.1394
2010's53 (53.54)28.8240
2020's46 (46.46)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
betaine0low10
carnitine0medium11
lactic acid0low10
thiamine0low10
gentamicin0low10
hydroxyurea0medium11
metronidazole0low10
safrole0low10
lysine0low10
lactose0medium11
methionine0low20
sulfoxide0low10
citrulline0medium11
manganese0low10
molybdenum0low10
deuterium0low20
amoxicillin0medium196
zidovudine0medium11
lamivudine0medium11
lopinavir0medium11
cobalt0low10
7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one0low10
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination0medium21
ritonavir0medium11
glucosamine0medium11
arachidonic acid0medium11
retinol0medium51
zithromax0medium44
linoleic acid0medium32
pulmicort0medium11
cysteine0low10
phosphorus0low20
selenium0low10
lumefantrine0low10
cgp-566970medium41
amoxicillin-potassium clavulanate combination0low10
mocetinostat0medium11
methionine sulfoxide0low10
lactulose0medium11
acid phosphatase0low10
alx-06000medium11
mannans0medium11
natriuretic peptide, brain0low10
glucagon-like peptide 20low10
vitamin b 120medium31
inosine0low10
folic acid0low20
neopterin0medium11
trypsinogen0low10

Protein Targets (517)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE3003
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase3003
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
AR protein120012
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha140014
Beta-lactamase 0001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)3003
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor2002
plasminogen precursor2002
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor2002
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 14004
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 409010
Bile salt export pump0202
Bile salt export pump012012
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Beta-lactamase SHV-10001
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
Beta-lactamase0001
Kappa-type opioid receptor0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Solute carrier family 15 member 10101
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 15 member 20101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
Chain A, ADIPOCYTE LIPID-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0011
Chain A, SERUM ALBUMIN0011
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
Chain A, HADH2 protein4004
Chain B, HADH2 protein4004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Cruzipain3003
15-lipoxygenase, partial3003
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
USP1 protein, partial5005
TDP1 protein8008
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
thioredoxin glutathione reductase1001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A16006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 23003
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 12002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a2002
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA5005
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 16006
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I1001
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 17007
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
lamin isoform A-delta106006
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi7007
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1 0102
Trypsin0202
Coagulation factor VII0202
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Aromatase0202
Tissue factor0202
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0314
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-17007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta7007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-27007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-57007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-37007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-17007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-27007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-47007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-37007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-67007
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20012
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20022
Histamine H2 receptor1001
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Calmodulin 0001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-17007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-37007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-27007
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20102
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Fatty acid-binding protein 50202
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0202
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
GABA theta subunit7007
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon7007
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30404
Cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma0101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10404
Chain A, Betaine ABC transporter permease and substrate binding protein0011
Chain A, Osmoprotection protein (ProX)0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
Chain A, Glycine betaine/carnitine/choline-binding protein0011
GLI family zinc finger 3120012
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
Solute carrier family 22 member 160001
Solute carrier family 22 member 210001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50001
N(G),N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 10101
General amino-acid permease GAP10001
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0101
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain3003
acid sphingomyelinase1001
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor6006
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha100010
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha110011
glucocerebrosidase2002
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor7007
alpha-galactosidase2002
activating transcription factor 64004
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein1001
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 22002
DNA polymerase beta1001
Cellular tumor antigen p538008
Thymidylate synthase0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0011
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Alpha-synuclein1102
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30102
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0001
Multidrug resistance associated protein0001
acetylcholinesterase5005
thioredoxin reductase2002
Fumarate hydratase3003
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
GLS protein3003
EWS/FLI fusion protein5005
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1110011
pregnane X nuclear receptor110011
polyprotein3003
Histone H2A.x3003
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Carbonic anhydrase 20203
Stromelysin-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Urease subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Urease subunit beta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Chain A, ADENOSINE DEAMINASE0101
Chain A, ADENOSINE DEAMINASE0101
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Chain A, Membrane lipoprotein tmpC0011
Smad32002
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
IDH12002
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)6006
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10011
geminin9009
survival motor neuron protein isoform d2002
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase0001
Adenosylhomocysteinase0102
Adenosine deaminase 0101
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma6006
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)7007
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 48008
cytochrome P450 2D66006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
Integrin beta-31001
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, Lectin0011
Chain A, ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALLI LECTIN0011
Chain A, ERYTHRINA CRISTA-GALLI LECTIN0011
Chain A, cellulase0011
Chain A, cellulase0011
Chain A, Galectin-30011
Chain A, Anti-tumor lectin0101
Galectin-30101
Galectin-90011
Galectin-80011
Beta-galactoside-binding lectin0101
Galectin-10113
Galectin-30112
Galectin-30113
Galectin-70011
Alpha 1,4 galactosyltransferase0001
Hsf1 protein0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0202
Albumin0026
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0202
Capsid protein 0112
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0202
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0137
Luciferase2002
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit1001
SMAD family member 27007
SMAD family member 37007
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease4004
progesterone receptor5005
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]8008
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta7007
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma6006
caspase-34004
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a6006
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2100010
heat shock protein beta-14004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 19009
Free fatty acid receptor 10011
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Fatty acid-binding protein, heart0202
Seed linoleate 13S-lipoxygenase-10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Adenosine receptor A10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 70101
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C30101
Dual specificity protein phosphatase 30101
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha1001
Free fatty acid receptor 40011
Chain A, protease0101
Chain B, protease0101
Chain A, protease0011
Chain B, protease0011
Chain A, protease0011
Chain B, protease0011
Chain A, protease0011
Chain B, protease0011
Chain A, protease0011
Chain B, protease0011
Chain A, protease0011
Chain B, protease0011
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, Protease0101
Chain B, Protease0101
Chain A, PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain B, PROTEASE RETROPEPSIN0101
Chain A, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain B, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain A, Protease Retropepsin0101
Chain B, Protease Retropepsin0101
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
G5005
67.9K protein1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 25005
Spike glycoprotein0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
peripheral myelin protein 224004
Transmembrane protease serine 20011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Interferon beta6006
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 5005
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Procathepsin L0011
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10202
Cytochrome P450 3A40506
Replicase polyprotein 1a0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0011
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0112
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0314
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Glutamate receptor 23003
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Spike glycoprotein2013
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20303
Protease 0439
CAAX prenyl protease 1 homolog0101
Plasmepsin V 0202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 15005
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 53003
Ataxin-23003
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 0011
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20202
Protease 0437
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial5005
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
Caspase-72002
caspase-32002
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Chain A, Ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit N-methyltransferase, chloroplast0101
Glutathione reductase, mitochondrial0202
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Methionyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain A, Aminopeptidase0101
Chain A, Methionine aminopeptidase0101
S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase0101
Adenylate cyclase type 50001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-10001
S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-20001
Fatty acid synthase0101
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
Flavodoxin0001
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
PPM1D protein2002
Histone deacetylase 30202
Nuclear receptor corepressor 10101
Integrin beta-10101
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Integrin alpha-40101
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Histone deacetylase 40101
Histone deacetylase 10202
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20202
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
Histone deacetylase 80101
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 50101
Nuclear receptor corepressor 20101
Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 10101
Thrombopoietin1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
Estrogen receptor0101
Glucocorticoid receptor0213
Interleukin-50101
Interleukin-50101
Progesterone receptor0101
Glucocorticoid receptor0101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0112
Matrix metalloproteinase-90101
Androgen receptor0202
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Interleukin-5 receptor subunit alpha0101
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Estrogen receptor beta0101
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase2002
Chain A, PLASMA RETINOL-BINDING PROTEIN PRECURSOR0011
interleukin 82002
pregnane X receptor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
Retinol-binding protein 40011
Beta-lactoglobulin0011
Amyloid-beta precursor protein0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Chain A, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain B, HIV-1 PROTEASE0101
Chain A, POL polyprotein0101
Chain B, POL polyprotein0101
Chain A, POL polyprotein0101
Chain B, POL polyprotein0101
Chain A, Endothiapepsin0101
Chain A, Endothiapepsin0101
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0203
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0202
Gag-Pol polyprotein0101
Cytochrome P450 1A20202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Cytochrome P450 3A50101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Substance-K receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 0101
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
Vasopressin V1a receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Thromboxane-A synthase0001
Sodium/bile acid cotransporter0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
Chain A, ykoF0011
Chain B, ykoF0011
Chain A, ThiT0011
Thiamine transporter ThiT0011
Carbonic anhydrase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Transketolase0011
Thiamine-binding periplasmic protein0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 11001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
tyrosine-protein kinase Yes1001
Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 10001
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0203
Protein kinase C beta type0101
DNA polymerase beta0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic 0001
Thymidylate kinase0101
Protein kinase C epsilon type0101
Thymidine kinase 0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80001
Solute carrier family 22 member 110001
Thymidine kinase0102
Solute carrier family 22 member 70001
chromobox protein homolog 11001
streptokinase A precursor0011
twin arginine protein translocation system - TatA protein0001
30S ribosomal protein S60101
30S ribosomal protein S70101
50S ribosomal protein L150101
50S ribosomal protein L100101
50S ribosomal protein L110101
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120101
50S ribosomal protein L190101
50S ribosomal protein L10101
50S ribosomal protein L200101
50S ribosomal protein L270101
50S ribosomal protein L280101
50S ribosomal protein L290101
50S ribosomal protein L310101
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0101
50S ribosomal protein L320101
50S ribosomal protein L330101
50S ribosomal protein L340101
50S ribosomal protein L350101
50S ribosomal protein L360101
30S ribosomal protein S100101
30S ribosomal protein S110101
30S ribosomal protein S120101
30S ribosomal protein S130101
30S ribosomal protein S160101
30S ribosomal protein S180101
30S ribosomal protein S190101
30S ribosomal protein S200101
30S ribosomal protein S20101
30S ribosomal protein S30101
30S ribosomal protein S40101
30S ribosomal protein S50101
30S ribosomal protein S80101
30S ribosomal protein S90101
50S ribosomal protein L130101
50S ribosomal protein L140101
50S ribosomal protein L160101
50S ribosomal protein L230101
30S ribosomal protein S150101
50S ribosomal protein L170101
50S ribosomal protein L210101
50S ribosomal protein L300101
50S ribosomal protein L60101
30S ribosomal protein S140101
30S ribosomal protein S170101
30S ribosomal protein S10101
50S ribosomal protein L180101
50S ribosomal protein L20101
50S ribosomal protein L30101
50S ribosomal protein L240101
50S ribosomal protein L40101
50S ribosomal protein L220101
50S ribosomal protein L50101
30S ribosomal protein S210101
50S ribosomal protein L250101
50S ribosomal protein L36 20101
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40101
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]