Compounds > daunorubicinol
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

daunorubicinol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

daunorubicinol: main metabolite of daunomycin [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

(13S)-13-dihydrodaunorubicin : The (13S)-diastereomer of 13-dihydrodaunorubicin. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID443832
CHEBI ID31031
MeSH IDM0040806

Synonyms (20)

Synonym
dihydrodaunomycin
5,12-naphthacenedione, 7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxohexopyranosyl)oxy)-8-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methoxy-6,8,11-trihydroxy-
13-dihydrodaunomycin
brn 3641654
duborimycin
leukaemomycin d
5,12-naphthacenedione, 10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-((1s)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methoxy-, (8s,10s)-
antibiotic 20-798rp
daunorubicinol
(13s)-13-dihydrodaunorubicin
LMPK13050005
(7s,9s)-7-[(2r,4s,5s,6s)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6,9,11-trihydroxy-9-[(1s)-1-hydroxyethyl]-4-methoxy-8,10-dihydro-7h-tetracene-5,12-dione
unii-ydu8yip30l
ydu8yip30l ,
(1s,3s)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-[(1s)-1-hydroxyethyl]-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranoside
CHEBI:31031
5,12-naphthacenedione, 10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-.alpha.-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-((1s)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methoxy-, (8s,10s)-
AKOS027326518
Q27114084
(8s,10s)-10-(((2r,4s,5s,6s)-4-amino-5-hydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-((s)-1-hydroxyethyl)-1-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetracene-5,12-dione

Research Excerpts

Effects

Daunorubicinol may make an important contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity. Its direct effect on cardiac function has never been evaluated in preclinical models.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"If daunorubicinol has equivalent or greater potency than daunorubicin in causing impairment of myocardial function, it may make an important contribution to the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity."( Daunorubicin and daunorubicinol pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissues in the rat.
Cusack, BJ; Olson, RD; Young, SP, 1995)		1.14
"Daunorubicinol has been assumed also to be more cardiotoxic than unchanged daunorubicin but its direct effect on cardiac function has never been evaluated in preclinical models."( Role of daunorubicinol in daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as evaluated with the model of isolated perfused rat heart.
Bonoron-Adèle, S; Platel, D; Robert, J, 2001)		1.47

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Other CBR substrates such as menadione, phenanthrenequinone, and doxorubicin were equally toxic to both the CBR expresser cells and the control cells under the conditions tested."( Protection against daunorubicin cytotoxicity by expression of a cloned human carbonyl reductase cDNA in K562 leukemia cells.
Akman, S; Doroshow, J; Forrest, GL; Gonzalez, B; Kaplan, WD; Rivera, H, 1995)		0.29
"Cardiotoxicity is the major side-effect and limits the clinical use of the anthracyclines, doxorubicin and daunorubicin."( Role of daunorubicinol in daunorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity as evaluated with the model of isolated perfused rat heart.
Bonoron-Adèle, S; Platel, D; Robert, J, 2001)		0.74
"The role of metabolism in daunorubicin (DAUN)- and doxorubicin (DOX)-associated toxicity in cancer patients is dependent on whether the parent drugs or major metabolites, doxorubicinol (DOXol) and daunorubicinol (DAUNol), are the more toxic species."( A correlation between cytotoxicity and reductase-mediated metabolism in cell lines treated with doxorubicin and daunorubicin.
Bains, OS; Cragg, GE; Grigliatti, TA; Lubieniecka, JM; Reid, RE; Riggs, KW; Szeitz, A, 2013)		0.58

Pharmacokinetics

The apparent elimination half-life of daunorubicinol was longer than that ofdaunorubsicin in most tissues, including the plasma (23.5 hours) The study was an attempt to identify pharmacokinetic factors that determine the response of acute myeloid leukemia patients to induction chemotherapy.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Calculated inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC50) were compared to maximal concentrations determined by pharmacokinetic studies."( Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in plasma, P388 and B16 tumours. Comparison with in vitro cytotoxicity data.
Abikhalil, F; Arnould, R; Atassi, G; Dubois, J; Hanocq, M, )		0.4
"In an attempt to identify pharmacokinetic factors that determine the response of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to induction chemotherapy, we determined the concentrations of daunorubicin (DNR) and the main metabolite daunorubicinol (DOL) in vivo and particularly evaluated the concentrations in blood and bone marrow nucleated cells."( Cellular pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin: relationships with the response to treatment in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.
Hagenbeek, A; Kokenberg, E; Löwenberg, B; Sizoo, W; Sonneveld, P, 1988)		0.46
" Pharmacokinetic parameters of DOL obtained after injection of DOL were different from those calculated for DNR and those calculated for DOL after injection of DNR."( Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicinol in the rabbit: comparison with daunorubicin.
Baurain, R; Lesne, M; Maniez-Devos, DM; Trouet, A, )		0.45
" However, the apparent elimination half-life of daunorubicinol was longer than that of daunorubicin in most tissues, including the plasma (23."( Daunorubicin and daunorubicinol pharmacokinetics in plasma and tissues in the rat.
Cusack, BJ; Olson, RD; Young, SP, 1995)		0.89
" There were no significant differences between patients who went into complete remission (12/23) compared with those who did not respond for the following pharmacokinetic parameters: DNR and DOL plasma AUC (area under the curve) and DNR plasma half-life and clearance."( Daunorubicin pharmacokinetics and the correlation with P-glycoprotein and response in patients with acute leukaemia.
Boutagy, J; Galettis, P; Ma, DD, 1994)		0.29
" Although idarubicin was given in one-fifth of the dose, the intracellular peak concentration was 70% of that of daunorubicin."( Comparison of the intracellular pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and idarubicin in patients with acute leukemia.
Paul, C; Sundman-Engberg, B; Tidefelt, U, 1994)		0.29
"Our data show that there are no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of daunorubicin in patients receiving DaunoXome in combination with indinavir and ritonavir compared with those in patients not receiving PIs."( The pharmacokinetics of liposomal encapsulated daunorubicin are not modified by HAART in patients with HIV-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
Careddu, A; D'Incalci, M; Fumagalli, L; Lazzarin, A; Parisi, I; Viganò, MG; Zecca, B; Zucchetti, M, 2000)		0.31
" Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of zosuquidar."( Population pharmacokinetic model for daunorubicin and daunorubicinol coadministered with zosuquidar.3HCl (LY335979).
Aarons, L; Burgess, M; Callies, S; de Alwis, DP; Mehta, A, 2004)		0.57
"A three-compartment pharmacokinetic model adequately described daunorubicin concentration-time profiles."( Population pharmacokinetic model for daunorubicin and daunorubicinol coadministered with zosuquidar.3HCl (LY335979).
Aarons, L; Burgess, M; Callies, S; de Alwis, DP; Mehta, A, 2004)		0.57
"There is an extreme paucity of pharmacokinetic data for anticancer agents in infants."( Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in infants with leukemia treated in the interfant 99 protocol.
Barisone, E; Boos, J; De Lorenzo, P; de Rossi, G; Hempel, G; Pieters, R; Relling, MV; Stary, J; Valsecchi, MG, 2010)		0.63
"8 years), who received daunorubicin in an earlier investigation, were used for pharmacokinetic model building using the software NONMEM."( Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in infants with leukemia treated in the interfant 99 protocol.
Barisone, E; Boos, J; De Lorenzo, P; de Rossi, G; Hempel, G; Pieters, R; Relling, MV; Stary, J; Valsecchi, MG, 2010)		0.63
" No age-dependency in any of the BSA-normalized pharmacokinetic parameters was observed."( Pharmacokinetics of daunorubicin and daunorubicinol in infants with leukemia treated in the interfant 99 protocol.
Barisone, E; Boos, J; De Lorenzo, P; de Rossi, G; Hempel, G; Pieters, R; Relling, MV; Stary, J; Valsecchi, MG, 2010)		0.63

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Based on our in vitro studies, a dose-response curve was found between increasing intracellular DNR and incorporation of 3H-thymidine."( Kinetics and sensitivity of daunorubicin in patients with acute leukemia.
DeGregorio, MW; Holleran, WM; Linker, CA; Macher, BA; Wilbur, JR, 1984)		0.27
"3HCl dosing regimen led to concentrations in excess of the IC(90) (169."( Population pharmacokinetic model for daunorubicin and daunorubicinol coadministered with zosuquidar.3HCl (LY335979).
Aarons, L; Burgess, M; Callies, S; de Alwis, DP; Mehta, A, 2004)		0.57
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
13-dihydrodaunorubicinAn aminoglycoside antibiotic that is (1S,3S)-3,5,12-trihydroxy-3-(1-hydroxyethyl)-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracene having a 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosyl residue attached at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (70)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199022 (31.43)18.7374
1990's17 (24.29)18.2507
2000's17 (24.29)29.6817
2010's11 (15.71)24.3611
2020's3 (4.29)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 17.62

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index17.62 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.43 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.42 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index15.26 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (17.62)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials9 (12.16%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (1.35%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other64 (86.49%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		210alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		210purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		7.6830aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
carmustine
Carmustine: A cell-cycle phase nonspecific alkylating antineoplastic agent. It is used in the treatment of brain tumors and various other malignant neoplasms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p462) This substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (From Merck Index, 11th ed). carmustine : A member of the class of N-nitrosoureas that is 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)urea in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a nitroso group.		1.9710N-nitrosoureas;
organochlorine compound		alkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
primaquine
Primaquine: An aminoquinoline that is given by mouth to produce a radical cure and prevent relapse of vivax and ovale malarias following treatment with a blood schizontocide. It has also been used to prevent transmission of falciparum malaria by those returning to areas where there is a potential for re-introduction of malaria. Adverse effects include anemias and GI disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeia, 30th ed, p404). primaquine : An N-substituted diamine that is pentane-1,4-diamine substituted by a 6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl group at the N(4) position. It is a drug used in the treatment of malaria and Pneumocystis pneumonia.		1.9910aminoquinoline;
aromatic ether;
N-substituted diamine		antimalarial
trifluoperazine
[no description available]		7.0210N-alkylpiperazine;
N-methylpiperazine;
organofluorine compound;
phenothiazines		antiemetic;
calmodulin antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 5.3.3.5 (cholestenol Delta-isomerase) inhibitor;
phenothiazine antipsychotic drug
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9810mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
cytarabine
[no description available]		1.9710beta-D-arabinoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
pyrimidine nucleoside		antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antiviral agent;
immunosuppressive agent
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone
1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone: structure given in first source. quinizarin : A dihydroxyanthraquinone having the two hydroxy substituents at the 1- and 4-positions; formally derived from anthraquinone by replacement of two hydrogen atoms by hydroxy groups		210dihydroxyanthraquinonedye
9,10-phenanthrenequinone
9,10-phenanthrenequinone: structure		1.9810phenanthrenes
dithiothreitol
1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol : A glycol that is butane-2,3-diol in which a hydrogen from each of the methyl groups is replaced by a thiol group.. 1,4-dithiothreitol : The threo-diastereomer of 1,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol.		2101,4-dimercaptobutane-2,3-diol;
butanediols;
dithiol;
glycol;
thiol		chelator;
human metabolite;
reducing agent
daunorubicin
Daunorubicin: A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.. anthracycline : Anthracyclines are polyketides that have a tetrahydronaphthacenedione ring structure attached by a glycosidic linkage to the amino sugar daunosamine.. daunorubicin : A natural product found in Actinomadura roseola.		10.28709aminoglycoside antibiotic;
anthracycline;
p-quinones;
tetracenequinones		antineoplastic agent;
bacterial metabolite
epirubicin
Epirubicin: An anthracycline which is the 4'-epi-isomer of doxorubicin. The compound exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA.		1.9710aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
anthracycline;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
p-quinones;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		antimicrobial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.		3.0950anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative
5-iminodaunorubicin
5-iminodaunorubicin: RN given refers to parent cpd		210
daunomycinone
daunomycinone: the aglycone of daunomycin; structure		2.3720
adriamycinol
doxorubicinol : A member of the class of tetracenequinones that is the major metabolite of the anthracycline doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic agent effective against a broad range of malignant neoplasms. It is thought to exhibit cardiotoxic properties.		3.4980aminoglycoside;
anthracycline antibiotic;
aromatic ether;
deoxy hexoside;
p-quinones;
phenols;
polyol;
tetracenequinones		cardiotoxic agent;
drug metabolite
homocysteine
Homocysteine: A thiol-containing amino acid formed by a demethylation of METHIONINE.. homocysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid consisting of a glycine core with a 2-mercaptoethyl side-chain.. L-homocysteine : A homocysteine that has L configuration.		3.3911amino acid zwitterion;
homocysteine;
serine family amino acid		fundamental metabolite;
mouse metabolite
s 9788
S 9788: structure given in first source		1.9910
4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin
4'-deoxy-4'-iododoxorubicin: lipophilic derivative of doxorubicin which differs from the parent compound in substitution of hydroxyl group on the daunosamine sugar moiety		1.9710organoiodine compound;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone
methotrexate
[no description available]		3.3911dicarboxylic acid;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
pteridines		abortifacient;
antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
antirheumatic drug;
dermatologic drug;
DNA synthesis inhibitor;
EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor;
immunosuppressive agent
ritonavir
Ritonavir: An HIV protease inhibitor that works by interfering with the reproductive cycle of HIV. It also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. ritonavir : An L-valine derivative that is L-valinamide in which alpha-amino group has been acylated by a [(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]methylcarbamoyl group and in which a hydrogen of the carboxamide amino group has been replaced by a (2R,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-1,6-diphenyl-5-{[(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]amino}hexan-2-yl group. A CYP3A inhibitor and antiretroviral drug from the protease inhibitor class used to treat HIV infection and AIDS, it is often used as a fixed-dose combination with another protease inhibitor, lopinavir. Also used in combination with dasabuvir sodium hydrate, ombitasvir and paritaprevir (under the trade name Viekira Pak) for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection as well as cirrhosis of the liver.		3.39111,3-thiazoles;
carbamate ester;
carboxamide;
L-valine derivative;
ureas		antiviral drug;
environmental contaminant;
HIV protease inhibitor;
xenobiotic
dihydropyridines
Dihydropyridines: Pyridine moieties which are partially saturated by the addition of two hydrogen atoms in any position.		210
saquinavir
Saquinavir: An HIV protease inhibitor which acts as an analog of an HIV protease cleavage site. It is a highly specific inhibitor of HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, and also inhibits CYTOCHROME P-450 CYP3A.. saquinavir : An aspartic acid derivative obtained by formal condensation of the primary amino group of (2S,3R)-4-[(3S,4aS,8aS)-3-(tert-butylcarbamoyl)octahydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-3-hydroxy-1-phenylbutan-2-ylamine with the carboxy group of N(2)(-quinolin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-asparagine. An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease.		3.3911L-asparagine derivative;
quinolines		antiviral drug;
HIV protease inhibitor
dactinomycin
Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)		1.9610actinomycinmutagen
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.1110aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
nadp
[no description available]		2.4720
ly335979
[no description available]		10.322carbopolycyclic compound
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9610biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
vitamin k semiquinone radical
vitamin K semiquinone radical: found in active preparations of vitamin K-dependent carboxylase. vitamin K : Any member of a group of fat-soluble 2-methyl-1,4-napthoquinones that exhibit biological activity against vitamin K deficiency. Vitamin K is required for the synthesis of prothrombin and certain other blood coagulation factors.		1.9810
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.0310disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
indinavir sulfate
Indinavir: A potent and specific HIV protease inhibitor that appears to have good oral bioavailability.		3.3911dicarboxylic acid diamide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
piperazinecarboxamide		HIV protease inhibitor
dexniguldipine
niguldipine: structure given in first source; clinical modulator of multidrug resistance		210diarylmethane
4'-iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicinol
4'-iodo-4'-deoxydoxorubicinol: structure given in first source		1.9710
pirarubicin
[no description available]		210anthracycline
azd5438
[no description available]		2.2110sulfonamide
idarubicinol
idarubicinol: RN given refers to (7S-(7alpha,9alpha,9(R*))-isomer		3.0850anthracycline
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		1.9910
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.3920
levoleucovorin
Levoleucovorin: A folate analog consisting of the pharmacologically active isomer of LEUCOVORIN.. (6S)-5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid : The pharmacologically active (6S)-stereoisomer of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid.		3.39115-formyltetrahydrofolic acidantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
folic acid
folcysteine: used to promote fertility in chickens. vitamin B9 : Any B-vitamin that exhibits biological activity against vitamin B9 deficiency. Vitamin B9 refers to the many forms of folic acid and its derivatives, including tetrahydrofolic acid (the active form), methyltetrahydrofolate (the primary form found in blood), methenyltetrahydrofolate, folinic acid amongst others. They are present in abundance in green leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, and animal products. Lack of vitamin B9 leads to anemia, a condition in which the body cannot produce sufficient number of red blood cells. Symptoms of vitamin B9 deficiency include fatigue, muscle weakness, and pale skin.		3.3911folic acids;
N-acyl-amino acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutrient
phenanthrenes
Phenanthrenes: POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS composed of three fused BENZENE rings.. phenanthrenes : Any benzenoid aromatic compound that consists of a phenanthrene skeleton and its substituted derivatives thereof.		1.9810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.1550
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.1550
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
[description not available]		06.58102
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.		06.58102
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
[description not available]		06.3353
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.5220
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.		06.3353
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.2110
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.2110
47,XX,+21
[description not available]		02.110
Down Syndrome
A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)		02.110
Disease Exacerbation
[description not available]		02.0310
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
[description not available]		02.0310
Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.		02.0310
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		03.8121
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		03.8121
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		03.0650
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		03.0650
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		01.9810
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		01.9810
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		01.9810
Granulocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		03.3711
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		04.0631
Leukemia, Myeloid
Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.		03.3711
Deficiency of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
[description not available]		01.9910
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.		01.9910
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		07.3920
Cardiomyopathies, Primary
[description not available]		01.9910
Cardiomyopathies
A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).		01.9910
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		0210
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		0210
Benign Neoplasms, Brain
[description not available]		0210
Glial Cell Tumors
[description not available]		02.3920
Brain Neoplasms
Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.		0210
Glioma
Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)		07.3920
Blast Phase
[description not available]		0210
Blast Crisis
An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.		0210
Kaposi Sarcoma
[description not available]		03.3911
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.		03.3911
Sarcoma, Kaposi
A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.		03.3911
Recrudescence
[description not available]		03.3911
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		0210
Anaplastic Astrocytoma
[description not available]		0210
Astrocytoma
Neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. Fibrillary astrocytomas are the most common type and may be classified in order of increasing malignancy (grades I through IV). In the first two decades of life, astrocytomas tend to originate in the cerebellar hemispheres; in adults, they most frequently arise in the cerebrum and frequently undergo malignant transformation. (From Devita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2013-7; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1082)		0710
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		03.3911
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		03.3911
Central Nervous System Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Central Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.		01.9810
Leukemia P388
An experimental lymphocytic leukemia originally induced in DBA/2 mice by painting with methylcholanthrene.		01.9710
Experimental Leukemia
[description not available]		01.9710
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		01.9710