Compounds > spinasterol
Page last updated: 2024-12-07

spinasterol

Description

spinasterol: RN given refers to alpha-spinasterol ((3beta,5alpha,22E)-isomer) [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5281331
CHEMBL ID487783
CHEBI ID10333
SCHEMBL ID232490
MeSH IDM0098474

Synonyms (47)

Synonym
24r-ethyl-5alpha-cholesta-7,22e-dien-3beta-ol
LMST01040126
stigmasta-7,22e-dien-3beta-ol
17-[(e)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
C08840
481-18-5
spinasterol
alpha-spinasterin
bessisterol
stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol, (3-beta,5-alpha,22e)-
hitodesterol
(3-beta,5-alpha,22e)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol
5-alpha-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-beta-ol, (e)-
5-alpha-stigmasta-7,22-diene-3beta-ol
bdbm50275507
chebi:10333 ,
CHEMBL487783 ,
(3s,5s,9r,10s,13r,14r,17r)-17-[(e,2r,5s)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
unii-0lg993qx1a
0lg993qx1a ,
.alpha.-spinasterol
stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol, (3-.beta.,5-.alpha.,22e)-
5.alpha.-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3.beta.-ol
5-.alpha.-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-.beta.-ol, (e)-
(3-.beta.,5-.alpha.,22e)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol
.alpha.-spinasterol [mi]
.alpha.-spinasterin
.delta.7,22-stigmastan-3.beta.-ol
SCHEMBL232490
(3?,5?,22e)-stigmasta-7.22-dien-3-ol
?-spinasterol
stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol, (3b,5a,22e)-
(3s,5s,9r,10s,13r,14r,17r)-17-((2r,5s,e)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol
AKOS024458312
a-spinasterol
7,22,5alpha-cholestadien-24beta-ethyl-3beta-ol
HY-N6962
F20840
Q15269695
4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2-propyl-1-[[2-(1h-tetazol-5-yl)[1,1-biphenyl]-4-yl]methyl]-1h-imidazole-5-carboxylicacid(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxol-4-yl)methylester
CS-0028716
MS-27135
spinosterol
(3beta,5alpha,22e)-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-ol
DTXSID801044364
5alpha-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3beta-ol
delta7,22-stigmastan-3beta-ol

Research Excerpts

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" In time-kill analyses, at concentrations above the MICs, ceftiofur in combination with α-spinasterol exhibited time-dependency and concentration-dependency comparing to time dependency with ceftiofur alone."( A novel method for synthesis of α-spinasterol and its antibacterial activities in combination with ceftiofur.
Cai, Y; Chen, H; Dong, Q; Li, Y; Rong, Q; Shi, F; Tang, H; Wang, T; Xu, M; Yang, X; Ye, G; Zhao, L; Zhou, J; Zhou, X, 2017)		0.46

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"7% at a dosage of 100 mg/kg mouse."( Antigenotoxic spinasterol from Cucurbita maxima flowers.
Bremner, JB; Lemon, P; Palileo, A; Villaseñor, IM, 1996)		0.29
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
steroidAny of naturally occurring compounds and synthetic analogues, based on the cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene carbon skeleton, partially or completely hydrogenated; there are usually methyl groups at C-10 and C-13, and often an alkyl group at C-17. By extension, one or more bond scissions, ring expansions and/or ring contractions of the skeleton may have occurred. Natural steroids are derived biogenetically from squalene which is a triterpene.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (2)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)IC50 (µMol)30.00000.00041.877310.0000AID654333
Nitric oxide synthase, inducibleMus musculus (house mouse)IC50 (µMol)50.00000.00103.39119.6000AID344829
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (6)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID344829Inhibition of iNOS-mediated NO production in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
New diterpenoids and the bioactivity of Erythrophleum fordii.
AID1617255Cytotoxicity against nutrient-rich DMEM cultured human PANC1 cells at PC50 incubated for 24 hrs by WST-8 assay
AID654332Inhibition of advanced glycation end-products formation after 14 days by spectrofluorimetry2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis with protein glycation and aldose reductase inhibitory activities.
AID1617250Anti-austerity activity against nutrient-deprived human PANC1 cells assessed as cell death incubated for 24 hrs by WST-8 assay
AID344828Inhibition of NADPH oxidase in LPS-induced mouse BV2 cells assessed as NOX-dependent ROS production at 50 uM2008Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 16, Issue:22
New diterpenoids and the bioactivity of Erythrophleum fordii.
AID654333Inhibition of Sprague-Dawley rat lens aldose reductase2012Journal of natural products, Feb-24, Volume: 75, Issue:2
Chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Aster koraiensis with protein glycation and aldose reductase inhibitory activities.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (64)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907 (10.94)18.7374
1990's8 (12.50)18.2507
2000's15 (23.44)29.6817
2010's31 (48.44)24.3611
2020's3 (4.69)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (1.52%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other65 (98.48%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.2110catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.0310monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
hydrochloric acid
Hydrochloric Acid: A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.. hydrogen chloride : A mononuclear parent hydride consisting of covalently bonded hydrogen and chlorine atoms.		2.0510chlorine molecular entity;
gas molecular entity;
hydrogen halide;
mononuclear parent hydride		mouse metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.0410trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.4320alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
croton oil
[no description available]		210N-acyl-hexosamine
nitrates
Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.		1.9710monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species
palmitic acid
Palmitic Acid: A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.. hexadecanoic acid : A straight-chain, sixteen-carbon, saturated long-chain fatty acid.		1.9410long-chain fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
EC 1.1.1.189 (prostaglandin-E2 9-reductase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
succinic acid
Succinic Acid: A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters. It is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent. (Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p1099; McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1851). succinic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.		1.9710alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
C4-dicarboxylic acid		anti-ulcer drug;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
radiation protective agent
pimagedine
pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.		2.0710guanidines;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
bethanechol
Bethanechol: A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.. bethanechol : The carbamic acid ester of 2-methylcholine. A slowly hydrolysed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects, it is used as its chloride salt to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the gastrointestinal tract following abdominal surgery, treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and as an alternative to catheterisation in the treatment of non-obstructive urinary retention.		2.0510carbamate ester;
quaternary ammonium ion		muscarinic agonist
diphenyleneiodonium
diphenyleneiodonium: structure in first source; NADPH oxidase inhibitor. dibenziodolium : An organic cation that is fluorene in which the methylene group is replaced by a positively charged iodine.		2.0410organic cation
kojic acid
[no description available]		2.21104-pyranones;
enol;
primary alcohol		Aspergillus metabolite;
EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor;
NF-kappaB inhibitor;
skin lightening agent
methyl methanesulfonate
[no description available]		2.0510methanesulfonate esteralkylating agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
genotoxin;
mutagen
stearic acid
octadecanoic acid : A C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics.		2.4420long-chain fatty acid;
saturated fatty acid;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
plant metabolite
pentylenetetrazole
Pentylenetetrazole: A pharmaceutical agent that displays activity as a central nervous system and respiratory stimulant. It is considered a non-competitive GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID antagonist. Pentylenetetrazole has been used experimentally to study seizure phenomenon and to identify pharmaceuticals that may control seizure susceptibility.. pentetrazol : An organic heterobicyclic compound that is 1H-tetrazole in which the hydrogens at positions 1 and 5 are replaced by a pentane-1,5-diyl group. A central and respiratory stimulant, it was formerly used for the treatment of cough and other respiratory tract disorders, cardiovascular disorders including hypotension, and pruritis.		2.1110organic heterobicyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.420glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene
9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.		210ortho-fused polycyclic arene;
tetraphenes		carcinogenic agent
chloroform
Chloroform: A commonly used laboratory solvent. It was previously used as an anesthetic, but was banned from use in the U.S. due to its suspected carcinogenicity.. chloroform : A one-carbon compound that is methane in which three of the hydrogens are replaced by chlorines.		210chloromethanes;
one-carbon compound		carcinogenic agent;
central nervous system drug;
inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.110chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.1710aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
shikimic acid
Shikimic Acid: A tri-hydroxy cyclohexene carboxylic acid important in biosynthesis of so many compounds that the shikimate pathway is named after it.. shikimic acid : A cyclohexenecarboxylic acid that is cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4 and 5 (the 3R,4S,5R stereoisomer). It is an intermediate metabolite in plants and microorganisms.		2.0610alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclohexenecarboxylic acid;
hydroxy monocarboxylic acid		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
chrysophanic acid
chrysophanic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #2260. chrysophanol : A trihydroxyanthraquinone that is chrysazin with a methyl substituent at C-3. It has been isolated from Aloe vera and exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.		1.9910dihydroxyanthraquinoneanti-inflammatory agent;
antiviral agent;
plant metabolite
oleanolic acid
[no description available]		3.1650hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone: A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.. 17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4-5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with unspecified configuration at position 5.. 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one : A 17beta-hydroxy steroid that is testosterone in which the 4,5 double bond has been reduced to a single bond with alpha-configuration at position 5.		2.11017beta-hydroxy steroid;
17beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one;
3-oxo-5alpha-steroid		androgen;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone: isolated from Swertia calycina; structure in first source. 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone : A naphthoquinone that is naphthalene-1,4-dione substituted by a methoxy group at position 2. It has been isolated from the roots of Rubia yunnanensis.		2.13101,4-naphthoquinones;
enol ether		antimicrobial agent;
metabolite;
plant metabolite
potassium nitrate
potassium nitrate: RN given refers to cpd with MF of K-HNO3; when combined with charcoal and sulfur it can form EXPLOSIVE AGENTS. potassium nitrate : The inorganic nitrate salt of potassium.		1.9710inorganic nitrate salt;
potassium salt		fertilizer
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.0510acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.		2.0610benzenes;
phenyl acetates
ng-nitroarginine methyl ester
NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester: A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.		2.0410alpha-amino acid ester;
L-arginine derivative;
methyl ester;
N-nitro compound		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor
6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid
[no description available]		2.0410chromanol;
monocarboxylic acid;
phenols		antioxidant;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
radical scavenger;
Wnt signalling inhibitor
vanadates
Vanadates: Oxyvanadium ions in various states of oxidation. They act primarily as ion transport inhibitors due to their inhibition of Na(+)-, K(+)-, and Ca(+)-ATPase transport systems. They also have insulin-like action, positive inotropic action on cardiac ventricular muscle, and other metabolic effects.. vanadate(3-) : A vanadium oxoanion that is a trianion with formula VO4 in which the vanadium is in the +5 oxidation state and is attached to four oxygen atoms.		2.1710trivalent inorganic anion;
vanadium oxoanion		EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.16 (phosphoprotein phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.41 (4-nitrophenylphosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.9140D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
cephalosporin c
cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.		2.1510cephalosporinfungal metabolite
bergenin
bergenin: RN refers to (2R-(2alpha,3beta,4alpha,4aalpha,10bbeta))-isomer; structure		2.1510trihydroxybenzoic acidmetabolite
6-hydroxyflavone
6-hydroxyflavone: antioxidant; structure in first source		2.2110hydroxyflavonoid
friedelin
3-friedelanone: from the stem bark of Irvingia gabonensis; structure in first source. friedelin : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is perhydropicene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 3 and by methyl groups at the 4, 4a, 6b, 8a, 11, 11, 12b, and 14a-positions (the 4R,4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,12bS,14aS,14bS-enantiomer). It is the major triterpenoid constituent of cork.		2.7730cyclic terpene ketone;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
antipyretic;
non-narcotic analgesic;
plant metabolite
taraxerol
taraxerol: structure. taraxerol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is oleanan-3-ol lacking the methyl group at position 14, with an alpha-methyl substituent at position 13 and a double bond between positions 14 and 15.		2.7730pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		metabolite
beta-amyrin acetate
[no description available]		2.0410triterpenoid
lupenone
lupenone: structure in first source		2.0310triterpenoidmetabolite
taraxerone
taraxerone: structure		2.4920scalarane sesterterpenoidmetabolite
24-methylene cycloartanol
24-methylene cycloartanol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to 3beta-isomer; RN for compound without isomeric designation not avail 11/90. 24-methylenecycloartanol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is (9beta)-24-methylene-9,19-cyclolanostane which carries a hydroxy group at position 3beta. It is isolated from several plant species including Euphorbia, Epidendrum, Psychotria and Sideritis.		2.03103beta-hydroxy steroid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		plant metabolite
syringaresinol
[no description available]		2.1710aromatic ether;
furofuran;
lignan;
polyether;
polyphenol		plant metabolite
friedelinol
friedelinol: isolated from seeds of Aster auriculatus Franch; structure given in first source; RN given refers to friedelanol (friedelinol), the (3alpha)-isomer		2.4920
bauerenol
bauerenol: isolated from the stem bark of Acronychia pedunculata		2.4920
echinuline
echinuline: tri-isoprenylated cyclic dipeptide from Aspergillus amstelodami; structure; Rn given refers to (3S-cis)-isomer. echinulin : An indole alkaloid with formula C29H39N3O2. It is a fungal metabolite found in several Aspergillus species.		2.04102,5-diketopiperazines;
indole alkaloid;
indoles;
olefinic compound		Aspergillus metabolite;
marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
aromadedrin
aromadedrin: inhibits protein kinase C; the dihydro makes it a flavone rather than a flavonol. (+)-dihydrokaempferol : A tetrahydroxyflavanone having hydroxy groupa at the 3-, 4'-, 5- and 7-positions.		2.21104'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroflavonols;
secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetrahydroxyflavanone		metabolite
methylinositol
methylinositol: from Ebenus haussknechtii; structure in first source. pinitol : A cyclitol ether formed by etherification of the 3-hydroxy group of chiro-inositol. It is plant metabolite isolated from the leaves of Sutherlandia frutescens.. 1D-4-O-methyl-myo-inositol : A member of the class of methyl myo-inositols that is cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol substituted by a methoxy group at position 6 (the 1R,2S,3S,4S,5S,6S-isomer).. D-pinitol : The D-enantiomer of pinitol.		2.0410
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		2.1710arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
lupeol
[no description available]		2.0410pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite
arbutin
hydroquinone O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A monosaccharide derivative that is hydroquinone attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.2110beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative		Escherichia coli metabolite;
plant metabolite
stigmast-7-enol
stigmast-7-enol: RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer; structure in first source		3.1650steroid
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		2.1710
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		2.0510icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		3.39703beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		2.3720
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.7630
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		1.9910caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
curcumin
Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.. curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa.		2.0310aromatic ether;
beta-diketone;
diarylheptanoid;
enone;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
biological pigment;
contraceptive drug;
dye;
EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
flavouring agent;
food colouring;
geroprotector;
hepatoprotective agent;
immunomodulator;
iron chelator;
ligand;
lipoxygenase inhibitor;
metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nutraceutical;
radical scavenger
capsaicin
ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.		2.7730capsaicinoidnon-narcotic analgesic;
TRPV1 agonist;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
epalrestat
epalrestat : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1,3-thiazolidine which is substituted on the nitrogen by a carboxymethyl group, at positions 2 and 4 by thioxo and oxo groups, respectively, and at position 5 by a 2-methyl-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-ylidene group. It is an inhibitor of aldose reductase (which catalyses the conversion of glucose to sorbitol) and is used for the treatment of some diabetic complications, including neuropathy.		2.0710monocarboxylic acid;
thiazolidines		EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.0710cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		1.9810cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
cholesterol acetate
cholesteryl acetate : A cholesterol ester obtained by formal acylation of the hydroxy group of cholesterol by acetic acid.		1.9910acetate ester;
cholesteryl ester		human metabolite
capsazepine
capsazepine: modified capsaicin molecule; a capsaicin receptor antagonist. capsazepine : A benzazepine that is 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-2-benzazepine which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 7 and 8 and on the nitrogen atom by a 2-(p-chlorophenyl)ethylaminothiocarbonyl group. A synthetic analogue of capsaicin, it was the first reported capsaicin receptor antagonist.		2.1310benzazepine;
catechols;
monochlorobenzenes;
thioureas		capsaicin receptor antagonist
kaurenoic acid
kaurenoic acid: isolated from leaves of Montanoa tomentosa; structure given in first source. ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid : An ent-kaurane diterpenoid that is ent-kauran-19-oic acid in which a double bond is present at position 16(17); exhibits anticancer and anti-HIV 1 activity.		2.0510
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		3.96130
eugenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside
[no description available]		2.0710
naphthoquinones
Naphthoquinones: Naphthalene rings which contain two ketone moieties in any position. They can be substituted in any position except at the ketone groups.		2.1310
myelin basic protein
Myelin Basic Protein: An abundant cytosolic protein that plays a critical role in the structure of multilamellar myelin. Myelin basic protein binds to the cytosolic sides of myelin cell membranes and causes a tight adhesion between opposing cell membranes.		7.1710
quercetin
[no description available]		2.42207-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.0510prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		2.0610trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
stigmasterol
stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol: isolated from freeze-dried powder of Blackberries (Rubus ursinus L.) which showed an activity on inhibition of chemocarcinogen. stigmasterol : A 3beta-sterol that consists of 3beta-hydroxystigmastane having double bonds at the 5,6- and 22,23-positions.		11.546003beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols;
stigmastane sterol		plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside
quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells		2.0710beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
isogentisin
isogentisin: found in plants such as Guttiferae & Gentianaceae.; structure. isogentisin : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 3 and a methoxy group at position 7.		2.4720aromatic ether;
polyphenol;
xanthones		EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
tectoridin
tectoridin: glycosylated tectorigenin. tectoridin : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is tectorigenin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.03107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
methoxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
9,12,13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid
9,12,13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acid: from roots & stem of Glycyrrhiza glabara; antistress compound; RN refers to (E)-isomer. 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10-enoic acid : A TriHOME that is octadec-10-enoic acid in which the three hydroxy substituents are located at positions 9, 12 and 13.		2.0610
kaempferol 3-o-rhamnoside
kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside: from apple (Malus domestica) leaves; structure in first source. afzelin : A glycosyloxyflavone that is kaempferol attached to an alpha-L-rhamnosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0410glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
plant metabolite
syringin
syringin: a phenylpropanoid glycoside; see also eleutherosides & lyoniside for eleutheroside A: 474-58-8. syringin : A monosaccharide derivative that is trans-sinapyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0610beta-D-glucoside;
dimethoxybenzene;
monosaccharide derivative;
primary alcohol		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
isorhamnetin 3-o-glucoside
isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside: from the flowers of Persea gratissima; structure in first source. isorhamnetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is isorhamnetin substituted at position 3 by a beta-D-glucosyl residue.		2.0710beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.		2.0710disaccharide derivative;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
atractylenolide i
atractylenolide I: from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz; structure in first source		2.0610
guajavarin
guajavarin: from leaves of Psidium guajava		2.0710
narcissin flavonol
narcissin flavonol: flavanol glycoside from Strumpfia maritima; do not confuse with other narcissin in Chemline, an alkaloid (lycorine (NM))		2.0710disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone
resiniferatoxin
resiniferatoxin: phorbol related diterpene ester; potent agonist of vanilloid TRPV1 receptors. resiniferatoxin : A heteropentacyclic compound found in Euphorbia poissonii with molecular formula C37H40O9. It is an agonist of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1).		2.0710carboxylic ester;
diterpenoid;
enone;
monomethoxybenzene;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
ortho ester;
phenols;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone		analgesic;
neurotoxin;
plant metabolite;
TRPV1 agonist
lyoniside
daucosterol : A steroid saponin that is sitosterol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has bee isolated from Panax japonicus var. major and Breynia fruticosa.		2.0710beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
steroid saponin		plant metabolite
soya-cerebroside i
soya-cerebroside I: from soybean seeds of Glycine max Merrill; exhibits ionophoretic activity for Ca++ ion; structure given in first source		2.0310
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.0710quinic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.0710
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.1310
sitosterol palmitate
[no description available]		2.0710
glutinol
glutinol: from a medicinal lichen, Usnea longissima; structure in first source. glutinol : A pentacyclic triterpenoid that is picene which has been fully hydrogenated except for a double bond between the 4a and 5 positions and is substituted by methyl groups at the 4, 4, 6bbeta, 8abeta, 11, 11, 12balpha and 14bbeta positions, and by a hydroxy group at the 3beta position.		2.0410pentacyclic triterpenoid;
secondary alcohol
phytosterols
Phytosterols: A class of organic compounds known as sterols or STEROIDS derived from plants.. phytosterols : Sterols similar to cholesterol which occur in plants and vary only in carbon side chains and/or presence or absence of a double bond.		9.6280
curcumol
[no description available]		2.0310sesquiterpenoid
lyoniside
lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer		2.3920
ceftiofur
ceftiofur: structure in first source		7.1510
10-nonacosanol
10-nonacosanol: from the root of Euphorbia ebracteolata. nonacosan-10-ol : A fatty alcohol that is nonacosane substituted by a hydroxy group at position 10.		2.0310secondary fatty alcohol;
ultra-long-chain fatty alcohol		plant metabolite
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.0310benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
norbergenin
norbergenin: bergenin derivative isolated from the root of Ardisia crenata		1.9710
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.4670
Allodynia
[description not available]		02.5120
Nerve Pain
[description not available]		02.5120
Acute Post-operative Pain
[description not available]		02.1510
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.		02.5120
Pain, Postoperative
Pain during the period after surgery.		02.1510
Acute Pain
Intensely discomforting, distressful, or agonizing sensation associated with trauma or disease, with well-defined location, character, and timing.		02.1510
Breast Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer of Ovary
[description not available]		02.1710
Breast Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.		02.1710
Ovarian Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.		02.1710
Encephalopathy, Toxic
[description not available]		02.1710
Cognitive Decline
[description not available]		07.1710
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.1710
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.1710
Cognitive Dysfunction
Diminished or impaired mental and/or intellectual function.		02.1710
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.2110
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		02.2110
Primary Peritonitis
[description not available]		02.110
Peritonitis
INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.		07.110
Adenoma, Prostatic
[description not available]		02.110
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.		07.110
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.1110
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.1110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		02.1310
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.1310
Ache
[description not available]		02.7630
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.7630
Chromosomal Breakage
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.0510
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.0510
Gastric Ulcer
[description not available]		02.0510
Stomach Ulcer
Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).		02.0510
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		02.0510
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.9440
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		02.0510
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.9440
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)		02.0610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.0710
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.0710
Colicky Pain
[description not available]		02.0310
Abdominal Pain
Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.		02.0310
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9610
Cancer of Skin
[description not available]		0210
Cocarcinogenesis
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.		0210
Skin Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.		0210
Foot Diseases
Anatomical and functional disorders affecting the foot.		01.9610
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