HT-2 toxin : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is T-2 toxin in which the acetyloxy group at position 4S has been hydrolysed to the corresponding hydroxy group. It is the major metabolite of T-2 toxin. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 102515221 |
| MeSH ID | M0059317 |
| PubMed CID | 10093830 |
| CHEMBL ID | 440357 |
| CHEBI ID | 138861 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| ht-2 toxin |
| mycotoxin ht 2 |
| nsc-278571 |
| 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol 15-acetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate), (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)- |
| trichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 15-acetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate), (3alpha,4beta,8alpha)- |
| trichothec-9-ene-3-alpha,4-beta,8-alpha,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 15-acetate, 8-isovalerate |
| 12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene-3-alpha,4-beta,8-alpha,15-tetrol 15-acetate 8-isovalerate |
| trichothec-9-ene-3,4,8,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 15 acetate 8-(3-methylbutanoate), (3alpha,4abeta,8alpha)- |
| 15-acetoxy-3,4-dihydroxy-8-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxy delta9-trichothecene |
| trichothec-9-ene-3alpha,4beta,8alpha,15-tetrol, 12,13-epoxy-, 15-acetate 8-isovalerate |
| mycotoxin ht-2 |
| 15-(acetyloxy)-3alpha,4beta-dihydroxy-12,13-epoxytrichothec-9-en-8alpha-yl 3-methylbutanoate |
| CHEBI:138861 |
| CHEMBL440357 |
| nc6c26rm46 , |
| ht 2 |
| unii-nc6c26rm46 |
| 3,4-dihydroxy-15-acetoxy-8-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxy-delta9-trichothecene |
| 3,4-dihydroxy-15-acetoxy-8-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxy-.delta.9-trichothecene |
| NCGC00380750-01 |
| DTXSID60891810 |
| Q27896911 |
| [(1s,2r,4s,7r,9r,10r,11s,12s)-2-(acetyloxymethyl)-10,11-dihydroxy-1,5-dimethylspiro[8-oxatricyclo[7.2.1.02,7]dodec-5-ene-12,2'-oxirane]-4-yl] 3-methylbutanoate |
| HY-N6729 |
| CS-0099767 |
| AS-78686 |
| BH162733 |
Moderate clinical, biochemical and hematologic signs of intoxication were observed in mice after single administration of HT-2 toxin. T-2 is one of the most toxic mycotoxins.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Moderate clinical, biochemical and hematologic signs of intoxication were observed in mice after single administration of HT-2 toxin (deacetylated derivative of T-2 toxin) in LD50 of 12." | ( [The enzymes of the metabolism of exogenous compounds in the comparative assessment of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins]. Kranauskas, AE; Kravchenko, LV; Levitskaia, AB, 1986) | 0.27 |
| " This leukopenic change of animals is reported as a characteristic feature in the best known human disorder: Alimentary Toxic Aleukia (ATA)." | ( In vitro toxicity of trichothecenes on rat haematopoietic progenitors. Parent-Massin, D; Thouvenot, D, ) | 0.13 |
| " At the same toxin concentrations used in the BrdU bioassay, only T-2 and HT-2 were toxic enough to obtain IC50 values using the MTT bioassay." | ( Cytotoxicity of four trichothecenes evaluated by three colorimetric bioassays. Lindberg, JE; Lundh, T; Pettersson, H; Widestrand, J, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Several acute and chronic toxic effects were observed in humans after consumption of contaminated food." | ( Metabolism and cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its metabolites on human cells in primary culture. Gekle, M; Humpf, HU; Königs, M; Mulac, D; Schwerdt, G, 2009) | 0.35 |
| "T-2 toxin is one of the type A trichothecene mycotoxins that is considered to be the most toxic of the trichothecenes." | ( Toxic effects of HT-2 toxin on mouse oocytes and its possible mechanisms. Duan, X; Han, J; Sun, SC; Zhang, Y; Zhu, CC, 2016) | 0.43 |
| " However, the application of DL-Selenomethionine into T-2/HT-2 treated hepatocytes effectively alleviated the adverse effects of T-2/HT-2, as demonstrated by increased cell viability, decreased LDH leakage, declined intracellular ROS and MDA levels, increased expression of oxidative stress-related genes, as well as accordingly enhanced activities of GSH, GSH-PX, SOD and CAT as compared to the control groups (P < 0." | ( The protective effects of DL-Selenomethionine against T-2/HT-2 toxins-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in broiler hepatocytes. Deng, Z; Guo, S; Hu, Y; Li, Y; Liu, T; Liu, W; Tan, L; Tu, D; Wang, A; Wang, N; Yang, L; Zhan, Y, 2019) | 0.51 |
| "T-2 toxin, one of the most toxic mycotoxins, is commonly presented along with its metabolites, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol (NEO), T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol in foodstuff and feed." | ( Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its four metabolites on porcine Leydig cells. Guo, W; Ling, A; Sun, L; Sun, S; Yang, J; Zhao, Z, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "T-2 toxin is the most toxic trichothecene mycotoxin, and it exerts potent toxic effects, including immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity." | ( An update on T-2 toxin and its modified forms: metabolism, immunotoxicity mechanism, and human exposure assessment. Chrienova, Z; Kuca, K; Liu, A; Musilek, K; Nepovimova, E; Oleksak, P; Qin, Z; Wang, X; Wu, Q; Wu, W; You, L; Zhao, Y, 2020) | 0.56 |
| "Trichothecene mycotoxins, toxic natural products of fungi from the family Hypocreaceae, are potent inhibitors of protein synthesis." | ( 3D QSAR study of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins. Lin, A; Rodarte, CB; Steinmetz, WE, 2009) | 0.35 |
The pharmacokinetic application of this GLC method is illustrated by simultaneous monitoring of T-2 and HT-2 toxins levels in plasma obtained after intravenous administration of T1 toxin to a dog. The following mean pharmacokinetics parameters were determined in this study: half-life 5. time to reach peak plasma concentration 9.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The pharmacokinetic application of this GLC method is illustrated by simultaneous monitoring of T-2 and HT-2 toxins levels in plasma obtained after intravenous administration of T-2 toxin to a dog." | ( Gas chromatographic assay with pharmacokinetic applications for monitoring T-2 and HT-2 toxins in plasma. Bialer, M; Sintov, A; Yagen, B, 1985) | 0.27 |
Study examined the effect of A-trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxins combined with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the release of steroid hormone progesterone (P4) by porcine ovarian granulosa cells.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "The aim of this study was to examine the effect of A-trichothecenes T-2 and HT-2 toxins combined with insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) on the release of steroid hormone progesterone (P4) by porcine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs)." | ( T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin combined with insulin-like growth factor-I modify progesterone secretion by porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Bulla, J; Kadasi, A; Kolesarova, A; Maruniakova, N; Sirotkin, AV, 2014) | 0.4 |
| "Assessment of A-trichothecene mycotoxins (T-2 and HT-2 toxins) effect combined with growth factor IGF-I, and the metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin on progesterone secretion by rabbit ovarian fragments was studied." | ( Assessment of T-2 toxin effect and its metabolite HT-2 toxin combined with insulin-like growth factor I, leptin and ghrelin on progesterone secretion by rabbit ovarian fragments. Bulla, J; Ferreira, AM; Kadasi, A; Kolesarova, A; Leśniak, A; Maruniakova, N; Sirotkin, AV, 2015) | 0.42 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Following oral administration, the absolute bioavailability of verrucarol was 44 +/- 33%, and its terminal half-life was similar to that obtained after iv administration." | ( Pharmacokinetics of the trichothecene mycotoxin verrucarol in dogs. Barel, S; Bialer, M; Yagen, B, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " administration corresponds to the absorption rate constant of the toxin due to the flip-flop phenomenon." | ( Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of trichothecene mycotoxins, T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin, in dogs. Bialer, M; Sintov, A; Yagen, B, 1988) | 0.27 |
| " In vitro digestion models turn useful for evaluating mycotoxins bioaccessibility during the intestinal transit and can be intended as a valuable tool for the assessment of mycotoxin bioavailability in food." | ( Assessment of toxic potential of mycotoxin contaminated bread during in vitro human digestion on human B lymphoid cell line. Angelis, ED; Garbetta, A; Minervini, F; Monaci, L; Visconti, A, 2015) | 0.42 |
| "The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs." | ( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019) | 0.51 |
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Mycotoxins were dosed at varying concentrations to 11." | ( The lager yeast Saccharomyces pastorianus removes and transforms Fusarium trichothecene mycotoxins during fermentation of brewer's wort. Gibson, B; Han, L; Jestoi, M; Laitila, A; Nathanail, AV; Ollilainen, V; Peltonen, K, 2016) | 0.43 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| fungal metabolite | Any eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in fungi, the kingdom that includes microorganisms such as the yeasts and moulds. |
| apoptosis inducer | Any substance that induces the process of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in multi-celled organisms. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| trichothecene | Any one of a large family of chemically related mycotoxins with a structure based on a sesquiterpene skeleton. The most important structural features causing the biological activities of trichothecenes are a 12,13-epoxy ring, the presence of hydroxy or acetyl groups at appropriate positions on the trichothecene nucleus and the structure and position of the side-chain. |
| organic heterotetracyclic compound | |
| acetate ester | Any carboxylic ester where the carboxylic acid component is acetic acid. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID1296008 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening | 2020 | SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1 | Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening. |
| AID1347159 | Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1346987 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID1347160 | Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors | 2020 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49 | Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors. |
| AID1346986 | P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen | 2019 | Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5 | A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. |
| AID382882 | Toxicity in ip dosed mouse | 2008 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 71, Issue:4 | Structure and conformational dynamics of trichothecene mycotoxins. |
| AID382881 | Cytotoxicity against human K562 cells by MTT assay | 2008 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 71, Issue:4 | Structure and conformational dynamics of trichothecene mycotoxins. |
| AID382884 | Toxicity in ip dosed mouse relative to roridin A | 2008 | Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 71, Issue:4 | Structure and conformational dynamics of trichothecene mycotoxins. |
| AID399151 | Toxicity in Triticum aestivum assessed as inhibition of coleoptiles growth at 1 mM | |||
| AID467617 | Cytotoxicity against yeast cells assessed as logarithm of ratio of toxicity of test compound to Tetraol | 2009 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11 | 3D QSAR study of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins. |
| AID399149 | Acute toxicity in orally dosed day-old chicks | |||
| AID1090743 | Phytotoxicity against Arabidopsis thaliana Col-4 leaves assessed as induction of leaf death after 7 weeks post compound application by detached leaf assay | 2007 | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Aug-08, Volume: 55, Issue:16 | Structure-activity relationships of trichothecene toxins in an Arabidopsis thaliana leaf assay. |
| AID399150 | Dermal toxicity in rabbit skin | |||
| AID399153 | Toxicity in Triticum aestivum assessed as inhibition of coleoptiles growth at 0.01 mM | |||
| AID467615 | Cytotoxicity against yeast cells relative to Tetraol | 2009 | European journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov, Volume: 44, Issue:11 | 3D QSAR study of the toxicity of trichothecene mycotoxins. |
| AID399152 | Toxicity in Triticum aestivum assessed as inhibition of coleoptiles growth at 0.1 mM | |||
| AID99523 | Cytotoxicity, assayed on L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells | 1989 | Journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar, Volume: 32, Issue:3 | Structure-activity studies of trichothecenes: cytotoxicity of analogues and reaction products derived from T-2 toxin and neosolaniol. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 25 (12.38) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 11 (5.45) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 35 (17.33) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 105 (51.98) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 26 (12.87) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (0.48%) | 5.53% |
| Trials | 0 (0.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 6 (2.88%) | 6.00% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 201 (96.63%) | 84.16% |
| Other | 8 (100.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||