1-kestose profile

## 1-kestose: A Prebiotic with Potential

1-kestose, also known as kestose or kestose 6G, is a **trisaccharide**, a type of sugar composed of three monosaccharide units: **glucose, fructose, and fructose**. It's found naturally in some plants, particularly in **chicory root**.

**Why is it important for research?**

1-kestose is gaining increasing attention due to its potential as a **prebiotic**, a substance that promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. These beneficial bacteria, known as **probiotics**, play a crucial role in maintaining gut health and overall well-being.

Here are some key reasons why 1-kestose is important for research:

* **Gut Health:** 1-kestose can selectively promote the growth of specific beneficial bacteria like **Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli**, which contribute to:
* Improved digestion and nutrient absorption
* Enhanced immune function
* Reduced inflammation
* Potential for preventing and treating certain gut disorders

* **Metabolic Health:** Research suggests that 1-kestose may have positive effects on metabolic health, potentially leading to:
* Improved blood sugar control
* Reduced insulin resistance
* Lowered cholesterol levels
* Weight management

* **Cognitive Function:** Some studies suggest that 1-kestose may positively influence cognitive function and memory.

* **Cancer Prevention:** Research is exploring the potential of 1-kestose in preventing certain types of cancer.

* **Drug Delivery:** 1-kestose has been investigated for its potential in drug delivery systems, particularly for targeted delivery of medications to the gut.

**Current Research:**

Ongoing research continues to explore the various health benefits of 1-kestose. Scientists are investigating its mechanisms of action, optimal dosage, and long-term effects on human health.

**Conclusion:**

1-kestose is a promising prebiotic with potential applications in improving gut health, metabolic health, and overall well-being. Continued research in this area is crucial for understanding its full potential and paving the way for future applications in healthcare and nutrition.

1-kestose: sugar found in vegetables; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

1-kestose : A trisaccharide found in vegetables consisting of beta-D-fructofuranose having beta-D-fructofuranosyl and alpha-D-glucopyranosyl residues attached at the 1- and 2-positions respectively. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	440080
CHEBI ID	16885
SCHEMBL ID	21351379
MeSH ID	M0196231

Synonym
o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
1-kestotriose ,
[beta-d-fru-(2->1)]2-alpha-d-glup
1(f)-beta-d-fructosylsucrose
470-69-9
CHEBI:16885 ,
beta-d-fru-(2->1)-beta-d-fru-(2->1)-alpha-d-glup
1-kestose
alpha-d-fructofuranosyl-alpha-d-fructofuranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
C03661
beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-beta-d-fructofuranosyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside
1f-beta-d-fructosylsucrose
1f-(beta-d-fructofuranosyl)sucrose
kestose, 1-
2AEZ
K0032
o-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-(2.1)-beta-d-fructofuranosyl-alpha-d-glucopyranoside
02ln7o412c ,
unii-02ln7o412c
einecs 207-429-4
S9109
12505-31-6
alpha-d-glucopyranoside, beta-d-fructofuranosyl, mono-d-fructofuranoside
o-d-fructosylsucrose
sucrose, o-d-fructosyl-
W-202825
wurcs=2.0/2,3,2/[a2122h-1a_1-5][ha122h-2b_2-5]/1-2-2/a1-b2_b1-c2
AC-35097
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-{[(2s,3s,4s,5r)-2-({[(2r,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
J196.187J ,
1-kestose, analytical standard
1-fructosylsucrose
.alpha.-d-glucopyranoside, o-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl
glucopyranoside, o-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-(2->1)-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl, .alpha.-d-
gf2 ,
1f-.beta.-d-fructosylsucrose
gf-2
beta-d-fruf-(2->1)-beta-d-fruf-(2->1)-alpha-d-glup
(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2-(((2s,3s,4s,5r)-2-((((2r,3s,4s,5r)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)methyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-3,4,5-triol
AKOS037515274
SCHEMBL21351379
Q27102129
HY-N2579
CS-0022917
CCG-269723
AS-56121
A872211
PD087928

Class	Description
trisaccharide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Pathway	Proteins	Compounds
fructan biosynthesis	0	9
fructan degradation	0	6
fructan biosynthesis	1	10
fructan degradation	0	7
Fructan biosynthesis	0	6
Fructan degradation	0	4

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, fructan 1-exohydrolase IIa	Cichorium intybus (chicory)	Ki	3,500.0000	3,500.0000	3,500.0000	3,500.0000	AID977610
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID977610	Experimentally measured binding affinity data (Ki) for protein-ligand complexes derived from PDB	2007	The New phytologist, , Volume: 174, Issue:1	Insights into the fine architecture of the active site of chicory fructan 1-exohydrolase: 1-kestose as substrate vs sucrose as inhibitor.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	7 (10.77)	18.2507
2000's	18 (27.69)	29.6817
2010's	25 (38.46)	24.3611
2020's	15 (23.08)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	3 (4.55%)	5.53%
Reviews	2 (3.03%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	61 (92.42%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
butyric acid Butyric Acid: A four carbon acid, CH3CH2CH2COOH, with an unpleasant odor that occurs in butter and animal fat as the glycerol ester.. butyrate : A short-chain fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of butyric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group.. butyric acid : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid that is butane in which one of the terminal methyl groups has been oxidised to a carboxy group.	2.13	1	0	fatty acid 4:0; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	human urinary metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	2.05	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2.31	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate: RN given refers to parent cpd. 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid : A naphthalenesulfonic acid that is naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid substituted by a phenylamino group at position 8.	2.17	1	0	aminonaphthalene; naphthalenesulfonic acid	fluorescent probe
decanoic acid decanoate : A fatty acid anion 10:0 that is the conjugate base of decanoic acid.. decanoic acid : A C10, straight-chain saturated fatty acid.	2.02	1	0	medium-chain fatty acid; straight-chain saturated fatty acid	algal metabolite; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; human metabolite; plant metabolite; volatile oil component
aspartic acid Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.	2.03	1	0	aspartate family amino acid; aspartic acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; neurotransmitter
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	5.74	26	0	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
galactose galactopyranose : The pyranose form of galactose.	2.15	1	0	D-galactose; galactopyranose	Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite
lactose Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.	2.15	1	0	lactose
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.03	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
trehalose alpha,alpha-trehalose : A trehalose in which both glucose residues have alpha-configuration at the anomeric carbon.	2.05	1	0	trehalose	Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol 2,2-bis(bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol: structure given in first source	3.91	12	0	primary alcohol
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.05	1	0	titanium group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.05	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental gold
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.05	1	0	titanium oxides	food colouring
deoxynivalenol deoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin produced by Fusarium to which wheat, barley, maize (corn) and their products are susceptible to contamination.	2.04	1	0	cyclic ketone; enone; primary alcohol; secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; trichothecene; triol	mycotoxin
fructose-6-phosphate fructose-6-phosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. fructose 6-phosphate : A ketohexose monophosphate consisting of fructose having a phosphate group located at the 6-position.	2.13	1	0	D-fructose 6-phosphate
strontium titanium oxide [no description available]	2.05	1	0
neokestose [no description available]	7.94	4	0	oligosaccharide
fungitetraose nistose: structure in first source	7.24	17	1	oligosaccharide
maltotriose Porcelite: a light-cured composite resin. alpha-maltotriose : A maltotriose trisaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the pyranose ring form and has alpha configuration at the anomeric carbon atom..	2.17	1	0	maltotriose trisaccharide	human metabolite
difructose anhydride iv [no description available]	2.02	1	0
difructose anhydride iii difructose anhydride III: a non-reducing derivative of inulobiose	2.02	1	0	sugar dianhydride
raffinose Raffinose: A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.. raffinose : A trisaccharide composed of alpha-D-galactopyranose, alpha-D-glucopyranose and beta-D-fructofuranose joined in sequence by 1->6 and 1<->2 glycosidic linkages, respectively.	2.05	1	0	raffinose family oligosaccharide; trisaccharide	mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
levanbiose levanbiose: structure given in first source	2.17	1	0	glycoside
fructans (2->6)-beta-D-fructan : A fructan compound consisting of repeating (2->6)-beta-linked fructofuranose units.	5.1	13	0
cellulase Cellulase: An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.. beta-cellotriose : A cellotriose with a beta-configuration at the anomeric position.	2.06	1	0	cellotriose
maltitol maltitol : An alpha-D-glucoside consisting of D-glucitol having an alpha-D-glucosyl residue attached at the 4-position. Used as a sugar substitute.	2.02	1	0	alpha-D-glucoside; glycosyl alditol	laxative; metabolite; sweetening agent
D-fructopyranose [no description available]	4.05	4	0	cyclic hemiketal; D-fructose; fructopyranose	sweetening agent
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.17	1	0
barium Barium: An element of the alkaline earth group of metals. It has an atomic symbol Ba, atomic number 56, and atomic weight 138. All of its acid-soluble salts are poisonous.	2.05	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom; elemental barium
strontium Strontium: An element of the alkaline earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Sr, atomic number 38, and atomic weight 87.62.	2.05	1	0	alkaline earth metal atom
3-acetyldeoxynivalenol 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol : A trichothecene mycotoxin that is deoxynivalenol acetylated on the oxygen at C-3. A skin and eye irritant, along with its 15-acetyl regioisomer and its parent deoxynivalenol it is considered among the most commonly and widely distributed cereal contaminants.	2.04	1	0	trichothecene	epitope; mycotoxin
6-kestose 6-kestotriose : A trisaccharide that consists of sucrose having an additional fructosyl residue attached to the fructose residue via a beta-(2->6)-linkage.	4.54	5	1	trisaccharide
acebutolol alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-mannose : An alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose in which the anomeric hydroxy group has alpha configuration.	3.82	2	1	alpha-D-glucosyl-(1->4)-D-mannopyranose
lactulose Lactulose: A synthetic disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. It has also been used in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p887). lactulose : A synthetic galactosylfructose disaccharide used in the treatment of constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.	2.15	1	0
c-peptide C-Peptide: The middle segment of proinsulin that is between the N-terminal B-chain and the C-terminal A-chain. It is a pancreatic peptide of about 31 residues, depending on the species. Upon proteolytic cleavage of proinsulin, equimolar INSULIN and C-peptide are released. C-peptide immunoassay has been used to assess pancreatic beta cell function in diabetic patients with circulating insulin antibodies or exogenous insulin. Half-life of C-peptide is 30 min, almost 8 times that of insulin.	2.25	1	0
caseins Caseins: A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.	2.6	1	0
fructooligosaccharide [no description available]	5.66	13	0	oligosaccharide

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	4.68	3	1
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	4.68	3	1
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.69	2	0
Allergy, Milk [description not available]	2.6	1	0
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.69	2	0
Milk Hypersensitivity Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.	2.6	1	0
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.58	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset [description not available]	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.61	2	0
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.	2.25	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	3.88	2	1
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	3.88	2	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	7.1	1	0
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	3.42	1	1

1-kestose

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (48)

Drug Classes (1)

Pathways (2)

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

Bioassays (1)

Research

Studies (65)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 39.94

Study Types