Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Cyclospora Infection

Infection with parasitic protozoa of the genus CYCLOSPORA. It is distributed globally and causes a diarrheal illness. Transmission is waterborne.

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Cyclospora Infection
Cyclosporiasis

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Cyclosporiasis is a protracted, relapsing gastroenteritis and has a short recorded history."( Helmy, MM, 2010)
"Although Cyclospora infections are assumed to be endemic in our country, the sporadic case reports might be attributed to the lack of relevant information about the parasite by the clinicians, lack of appropriate laboratory diagnosis and specialized personel for parasitic examination."( Ciçek, M; Ozekinci, T; Uçmak, F, 2011)
"Cyclosporiasis is an emerging worldwide infection caused by an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, Cyclospora cayetanensis."( El-Temsahy, MM; El-Zawawy, LA; Gaafar, MR; Hassan, AY; Shalaby, TI, 2019)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Outbreaks of cyclospora infection have been linked to waterborne transmission."( Deodhar, L; Maniar, JK; Saple, DG, 2000)
"Cases of cyclosporiasis have been frequently missed, since it is difficult to detect the parasite in fecal sample, despite an increasing amount of data regarding this parasite."( Ciçek, M; Ozekinci, T; Uçmak, F, 2011)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"The standard treatment for cyclosporiasis is a combination of two antibiotics, trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole."( El-Temsahy, MM; El-Zawawy, LA; Gaafar, MR; Hassan, AY; Shalaby, TI, 2019)

Research

Studies (42)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's27 (64.29)18.1394
2010's11 (26.19)28.8240
2020's4 (9.52)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
lactic acid0low10
urea0low10
albendazole0low10
ciprofloxacin0low10
sulfamethoxazole0low10
trimethoprim0low10
sucrose0low10
thiazoles0low10
silver0low10
nitazoxanide0low20
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination0low200
amylopectin0low10
safranine t0low10

Protein Targets (286)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, Beta-lactamase1001
Luciferase3003
glp-1 receptor, partial1001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma6006
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Fumarate hydratase1001
TDP1 protein4004
GLI family zinc finger 36006
AR protein6006
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease3003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 34004
progesterone receptor4004
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]4004
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 15005
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha6006
farnesoid X nuclear receptor4004
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha8008
polyprotein1001
67.9K protein3003
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma3003
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor3003
caspase-33003
IDH11001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 24004
aryl hydrocarbon receptor3003
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a3003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 22002
Histone H2A.x4004
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 12002
chromobox protein homolog 13003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 21001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 24004
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 33003
heat shock protein beta-13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
geminin5005
Vif0001
peripheral myelin protein 224004
survival motor neuron protein isoform d3003
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 12002
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
lamin isoform A-delta104004
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A2002
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30505
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40505
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit3003
Bile salt export pump0505
Interferon beta3003
Cellular tumor antigen p534004
Integrin beta-33003
Integrin alpha-IIb3003
Methionine aminopeptidase0101
Glutamate receptor 23003
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 11102
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10505
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 53003
Ataxin-23003
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE2002
Chain A, HADH2 protein3003
Chain B, HADH2 protein3003
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase2002
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A15005
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi3104
Cytochrome P450 1A20101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Cytochrome P450 3A40202
DNA gyrase subunit B0102
DNA gyrase subunit A0103
DNA gyrase subunit B0103
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0102
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0102
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0104
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-13104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta3104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-23104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-53104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-33104
DNA gyrase subunit A0102
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-13104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-23104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-43104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-33104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-63104
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Multidrug resistance protein MdtK0011
Histamine H2 receptor2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-13104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-33104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-23104
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0001
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20304
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0101
Integrase 0101
GABA theta subunit3104
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon3104
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase2002
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q11001
Chain A, Ferritin light chain1001
acetylcholinesterase4004
beta-amyloid peptide, A beta {N-terminal} [human, cerebrospinal fluid, conditioned medium of mixed-brain cell cultures, Peptide Partial, 33 aa]1001
pregnane X receptor2002
phosphopantetheinyl transferase2002
SMAD family member 22002
USP1 protein, partial1001
SMAD family member 32002
Microtubule-associated protein tau3004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
alpha synuclein, partial1001
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
hypothetical protein, conserved2002
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 43003
G2002
cytochrome P450 2D63003
glucocerebrosidase1001
luciferase1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor2002
activating transcription factor 63003
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor1001
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a2002
Caspase-71001
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 12002
tumor necrosis factor1001
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
caspase-31001
huntingtin isoform 22002
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 13003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 12002
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 13003
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0102
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Epidermal growth factor receptor0101
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Adenosine receptor A30202
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Androgen receptor0202
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0202
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 11001
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Adenosine receptor A2a0202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 21001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 31001
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma2002
Spike glycoprotein2002
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 171001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 41001
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0202
Leukotriene B4 receptor 11001
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 51001
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
Leukotriene B4 receptor 21001
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase1001
PPM1D protein1001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
pyruvate kinase1001
NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 precursor1001
pyruvate kinase PKM isoform a1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 11001
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Endothelin receptor type B1001
Endothelin-1 receptor1102
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 30101
Pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase0101
Anoctamin-10101
Glucocorticoid receptor0001
Chain A, MALTOPORIN0011
Chain B, MALTOPORIN0011
Carbonic anhydrase 20112
Carbonic anhydrase 90112
interleukin 82002
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC0101
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase0101
Dihydropteroate synthase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0304
Protease 0112
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40202
Chain A, Dihydrofolate Reductase0011
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Chain A, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)0101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
endonuclease IV1001
dopamine D1 receptor1001
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M11001
Dihydrofolate reductase 0102
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase type 10102
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase type 1 from Tn40030101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0102
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 50011
Dihydrofolate reductase 0202
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0102
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)1001
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Urease subunit alpha0101
Urease subunit beta0101
Olfactory receptor 51E20011
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]