Compounds > 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride
Page last updated: 2024-11-05

4-toluenesulfonyl chloride

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

4-toluenesulfonyl chloride, also known as tosyl chloride, is a versatile reagent in organic chemistry. It is a white crystalline solid with a pungent odor.

**Synthesis:** It is typically synthesized by reacting p-toluenesulfonic acid with phosphorus pentachloride or thionyl chloride.

**Uses:** Tosyl chloride is widely used in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including:

* **Protection of alcohols and amines:** It reacts with alcohols and amines to form tosylates, which are stable protecting groups that can be removed under controlled conditions.
* **Formation of sulfonamides:** It reacts with amines to form sulfonamides, which are important intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
* **Introduction of the tosyl group:** The tosyl group can be introduced into molecules to enhance reactivity or introduce specific functional groups.

**Importance:** The importance of 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride lies in its ability to participate in a wide range of reactions, making it a valuable tool in organic synthesis. Its use in protecting groups and sulfonamide formation has significant applications in various fields.

**Why it is studied:** 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride is studied extensively due to its versatility, ease of handling, and its applications in the development of new synthetic methods and the synthesis of important compounds.'

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID7397
SCHEMBL ID1586
MeSH IDM0084954

Synonyms (167)

Synonym
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride
4-toluenesulfonyl chloride
98-59-9
p-toluenesulfochloride
nsc175822
tosyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonic acid chloride
benzenesulfonyl chloride, 4-methyl-
toluenesulfonyl chloride
p-tolylsulfonyl chloride
nsc-175822
p-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride
p-tosyl chloride
4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulphonyl chloride
STK298722
toluenesulfonyl chloride (van)
para-toluenesulfochloride
ai3-52254
para-toluenesulfonyl chloride
4-toluenesulfonic acid, chloride
nsc 175822
hsdb 5317
einecs 202-684-8
inchi=1/c7h7clo2s/c1-6-2-4-7(5-3-6)11(8,9)10/h2-5h,1h
T-3900
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, reagent grade, >=98%
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, reagentplus(r), >=99%
T0272
AKOS000120295
4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonyl chloride ,
p-toluensulfonyl chloride
toluene-4-sulfonylchloride
p-toluenesulfonylchloride
p-toluene sulphonyl chloride
BR1703
tscl
ec 202-684-8
unii-027kyn78b4
027kyn78b4 ,
BP-20587
FT-0619534
AM101769
4-methyl-benzenesulfonyl chloride
methyl (2r)-2-[[(2s)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]-5-guanidino-pentanoate
SCHEMBL1586
p-methylphenylsulfonyl chloride
4-methylphenylsulfonyl chloride
4-tosyl chloride
4-toluolsulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride [mi]
p-toluenesulfonic chloride
toluene-4-sulphonylchloride
(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl chloride
4-toluene-sulphonyl chloride
tosyl-chloride
4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid, chloride
4-methyl-benzenesulphonic acid chloride
4-methyl benzene sulfonyl chloride
toluene-4-sulphonyl chloride
4-toluenesulphonic chloride
para toluene sulphonyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonyl chlorie
paratoluenesulphonyl chloride
p-toluene-sulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonoyl chloride
p-toluen-sulphonyl chloride
4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid chloride
para-tolylsulfonyl chloride
p-methylphenylsulfonic acid chloride
p-toluensufonylchloride
p- toluenesulfonyl chloride
4-methylbenzenesulfonylchloride
p-toluene sulfonyl chloride
toluene-4-sulphonic acid chloride
p-toluenesufonyl chloride
4toluenesulfonyl chloride
para-toluene sulfonyl chloride
p-toluen-sulphonylchloride
4-toluylsulfonyl chloride
p-toluene sulfonic chloride
p-toluensulphonyl chloride
toluene-4-sulfonyl chloride
4-methylphenyl-sulphonyl chloride
4-methylbenzene-1-sufonyl chloride
rho-toluenesulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonylchoride
para-toluenesulfonic acid chloride
para-toluene-sulphonyl chloride
paratoluene sulphonic acid chloride
p -toluenesulfonyl chloride
toluene4-sulphonyl chloride
p-toluenesulfonyl-chloride
4-toluene-sulphonylchloride
4-methylbenzenesulphonyl chloride
4-methylphenylsulphonyl chloride
4-toluene sulfonyl chloride
para-toluenesulfonylchloride
p-toluene-sulfonic-acid-chloride
p-toluene- sulphonyl chloride
(4-methylphenyl)sulphonyl chloride
4-methylbenzenesulphonic acid chloride
toluene-p-sulphonylchloride
4-toluene-sulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulphonic acid chloride
p-toluenesulfonyl chlorde
p-tscl
p-toluene sulphonic chloride
4-toluenesulfonic acid chloride
toluene p-sulphonyl chloride
4-methylbenzenesulphonyl-chloride
4-toluenesulphonylchloride
p-toluensulfonylchloride
toluene-p-sulfonyl chloride
4-toluenesulfonylchloride
toscl
para-toluensulfonyl chloride
p-toluenesulphonylchloride
p-toluene-sulphonylchloride
rho-toluenesulphonyl chloride
tos-cl
4-methylbenzene-1-sulfonylchloride
paratoluensulfonyl chloride
4-methyl-benzenesulphonyl chloride
p-toluene sulfonic acid chloride
p-tosyl cloride
p-toluene-sulfonylchloride
paratoluene sulfonyl chloride
p-tolyl-sulfonyl chloride
toluene-p-sulphonyl chloride
p-toluene sulphonylchloride
ts-cl
4-toluenesulphonyl chloride
4-methyl benzenesulfonyl chloride
tosylchloride
4-methylbenzene sulfonyl chloride
4-methylbenzene-sulphonic acid chloride
p-toluene-sulphonyl chloride
p-toluensulphonylchloride
para-toluenesufonyl chloride
p-toluene sulfonylchloride
para toluenesulfonyl chloride
para-toluenesulphonylchloride
para-toluene sulphonyl chloride
para-toluenesulphonyl chloride
para-toluene sulfonylchloride
tosylic chloride
toluene-4-sulfonic acid chloride
p-toluene-sulfonic acid chloride
4-methylbenzene-l-sulfonyl chloride
para-toluenesulphonic acid chloride
paratoluene sulfochloride
DTXSID1052660
4-toluensulfonyl chloride
toluene p-sulfonyl chloride
W-110674
mfcd00007450
F2190-0563
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, reagentplus(r), >=99.0%
CS-D1466
p-toluenesulfonyl chloride ; 4-methylbenzenesulfonyl chloride
BCP26003
Q285621
AS-14041
EN300-20564
E78843
4-methyl-1-benzenesulfonyl chloride
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199012 (30.77)18.7374
1990's6 (15.38)18.2507
2000's6 (15.38)29.6817
2010's13 (33.33)24.3611
2020's2 (5.13)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 57.87

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index57.87 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.69 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.74 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index91.34 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (57.87)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (2.56%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other38 (97.44%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		1.9510amino-acid anion
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		1.9310halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide
Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.		2.0710sulfoxide;
volatile organic compound		alkylating agent;
antidote;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
MRI contrast agent;
non-narcotic analgesic;
polar aprotic solvent;
radical scavenger
glycine
[no description available]		2.420alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
imidazole
imidazole: RN given refers to parent cpd. 1H-imidazole : An imidazole tautomer which has the migrating hydrogen at position 1.		2.0810imidazole
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.0610alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
hydroxide ion
[no description available]		2.0610oxygen hydridemouse metabolite
pyridine
azine : An organonitrogen compound of general structure RCH=N-N=CHR or RR'C=N-N=CRR'.		3.2160azaarene;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene;
pyridines		environmental contaminant;
NMR chemical shift reference compound
toluene
methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.		2.3420methylbenzene;
toluenes;
volatile organic compound		cholinergic antagonist;
fuel additive;
neurotoxin;
non-polar solvent
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate
2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate: inhibits phospholipase C and serine esterases; structure in first source		1.9510
gabexate
Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.		1.9510benzoate ester
trihexyphenidyl
Trihexyphenidyl: One of the centrally acting MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS used for treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and drug-induced extrapyramidal movement disorders and as an antispasmodic.		2.4110amine
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0110glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
tyrosine
Tyrosine: A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.. tyrosine : An alpha-amino acid that is phenylalanine bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 4 on the phenyl ring.		1.9510amino acid zwitterion;
erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tyrosine		EC 1.3.1.43 (arogenate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical
dimethylformamide
Dimethylformamide: A formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.. N,N-dimethylformamide : A member of the class of formamides that is formamide in which the amino hydrogens are replaced by methyl groups.		2.0710formamides;
volatile organic compound		geroprotector;
hepatotoxic agent;
polar aprotic solvent
quinoline
[no description available]		2.3820azaarene;
mancude organic heterobicyclic parent;
ortho-fused heteroarene;
quinolines
benzoyl chloride
benzoyl chloride: potential carcinogens in manufacturing process. benzoyl chloride : An acyl chloride consisting of benzene in which a hydrogen is replaced by an acyl chloride group. It is an important chemical intermediate for the manufacture of other chemicals, dyes, perfumes, herbicides and pharmaceuticals.		2.1110acyl chloride;
benzenes		carcinogenic agent
cyanuric acid
cyanuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. isocyanuric acid : The keto tautomer of cyanuric acid.. cyanuric acid : The enol tautomer of isocyanuric acid.		1.98101,3,5-triazinanes;
1,3,5-triazines;
heteroaryl hydroxy compound		xenobiotic
thiophenol
thiophenol : A thiol in which the sulfanyl group is attached to a phenyl group.		2.4110aryl thiol
3-dimethylaminopropylamine
3-dimethylaminopropylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		2.1110
triethylamine
[no description available]		2.0710tertiary amine
isoxazoles
Isoxazoles: Azoles with an OXYGEN and a NITROGEN next to each other at the 1,2 positions, in contrast to OXAZOLES that have nitrogens at the 1,3 positions.. isoxazole : A monocyclic heteroarene with a structure consisting of a 5-membered ring containing three carbon atoms and an oxygen and nitrogen atom adjacent to each other. It is the parent of the class of isoxazoles.. isoxazoles : Oxazoles in which the N and O atoms are adjacent.		2.0210isoxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
oxazoles
Oxazoles: Five-membered heterocyclic ring structures containing an oxygen in the 1-position and a nitrogen in the 3-position, in distinction from ISOXAZOLES where they are at the 1,2 positions.. 1,3-oxazole : A five-membered monocyclic heteroarene that is an analogue of cyclopentadiene with O in place of CH2 at position 1 and N in place of CH at position 3.. oxazole : An azole based on a five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton containing one N and one O atom.		1.98101,3-oxazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride
4-toluenesulfonyl fluoride: inhibitor of peptide hydrolases; structure in second source		1.9510
fluorobenzenes
Fluorobenzenes: Derivatives of BENZENE that contain FLUORINE.. monofluorobenzene : The simplest member of the class of monofluorobenzenes that is benzene carrying a single fluoro substituent.. fluorobenzenes : Any fluoroarene that is a benzene or a substituted benzene carrying at least one fluoro group.		2.0710monofluorobenzenesNMR chemical shift reference compound
berbamine
[no description available]		2.2110phenylpropanoid
cyanogen bromide
Cyanogen Bromide: Cyanogen bromide (CNBr). A compound used in molecular biology to digest some proteins and as a coupling reagent for phosphoroamidate or pyrophosphate internucleotide bonds in DNA duplexes.		1.9610
trimellitic anhydride
trimellitic anhydride: structure. trimellitic anhydride : A 2-benzofuran compound having oxo groups at the 1- and 3-positions and a carboxy substituent at the 5-position; the cyclic anhydride formed from the carboxy groups at the 1- and 2-positions of trimellitic acid.		2.07102-benzofurans;
cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride;
dioxo monocarboxylic acid		allergen;
epitope;
hapten
ethyl n-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate
ethyl N-alpha-acetyl-tyrosinate: RN given refers to parent cpd. ethyl N-acetyl-L-tyrosinate : An L-tyrosine derivative that is the ethyl ester of N-acetyltyrosine.		1.9510acetamides;
ethyl ester;
L-tyrosine derivative;
phenols
n-phenylmaleimide
N-phenylmaleimide: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #7104		2.0110
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid
1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate.		1.9710one-carbon compound;
phosphonic acids
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate
Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.		2.0810fluorescein isothiocyanate
technetium
Technetium: The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, and atomic number 43. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.		1.9710manganese group element atom
2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride
2-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride: structure		2.0710
sulfonyl chloride
[no description available]		2.4110sulfuryl halide
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		1.9710elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
triethyl phosphite
triethyl phosphite: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure		210
dimethylacetamide
hallucinogen : Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations and other alterations of mood and thinking.. N,N-dimethylacetamide : A member of the class of acetamides that is acetamide in which the hydrogens attached to the N atom have been replaced by two methyl groups respectively. Metabolite observed in cancer metabolism.		2.4820acetamides;
monocarboxylic acid amide		human metabolite
3-iodobenzylguanidine
3-Iodobenzylguanidine: A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase.		1.9710organoiodine compound
bromosuccinimide
Bromosuccinimide: A brominating agent that replaces hydrogen atoms in benzylic or allylic positions. It is used in the oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones and in controlled low-energy brominations. (From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed; Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed,).		1.9610dicarboximide;
organobromine compound;
pyrrolidinone		reagent
oxazolidin-2-one
Oxazolidinones: Derivatives of oxazolidin-2-one. They represent an important class of synthetic antibiotic agents.. oxazolidin-2-one : An oxazolidinone that is 1,3-oxazolidine with an oxo substituent at position 2.. oxazolidinone : An oxazolidine containing one or more oxo groups.		1.9810carbamate ester;
oxazolidinone		metabolite
sodium selenide
[no description available]		2.2110inorganic sodium saltpoison;
reducing agent
dansyl fluoride
dansyl fluoride: structure in second source		1.9510
glucuronic acid
Glucuronic Acid: A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.. D-glucuronic acid : The D-enantiomer of glucuronic acid.. D-glucopyranuronic acid : A D-glucuronic acid in cyclic pyranose form.		1.9810D-glucuronic acidalgal metabolite
3,4,6-tri-o-acetylglucal
3,4,6-tri-O-acetylglucal: RN given refers to (D)-isomer with unspecified acetate locants		210
phosphites
Phosphites: Inorganic salts or organic esters of phosphorous acid that contain the (3-)PO3 radical. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). phosphite(3-) : A trivalent inorganic anion obtained by removal of all three protons from phosphorous acid.		210phosphite ion;
trivalent inorganic anion
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen.		210
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		1.9710
organophosphonates
hydrogenphosphite : A divalent inorganic anion resulting from the removal of a proton from two of the hydroxy groups of phosphorous acid.		2.0210divalent inorganic anion;
phosphite ion
4-nitrophenyl anthranilate
4-nitrophenyl anthranilate: structure in second source		1.9510
leupeptins
Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.		1.9510
lithium chloride
Lithium Chloride: A salt of lithium that has been used experimentally as an immunomodulator.. lithium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a Li(+) counterion.		2.4820inorganic chloride;
lithium salt		antimanic drug;
geroprotector
arachidonic acid
icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.		1.9510icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid;
long-chain fatty acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		Daphnia galeata metabolite;
EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2-mercaptobenzimidazole
2-mercaptobenzimidazole: purine synthesis antimetabolite; RN given refers to parent cpd		2.0110
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride: structure in first source		2.0710
lithium
Lithium: An element in the alkali metals family. It has the atomic symbol Li, atomic number 3, and atomic weight [6.938; 6.997]. Salts of lithium are used in treating BIPOLAR DISORDER.		1.9710alkali metal atom
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		1.9510epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.0810disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		1.9510thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
aluminum
Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.		1.9710boron group element atom;
elemental aluminium;
metal atom
1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium
1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium: structure in first source		2.0710
losartan potassium
Erythropoietin: Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.		1.9810
calcimycin
Calcimycin: An ionophorous, polyether antibiotic from Streptomyces chartreusensis. It binds and transports CALCIUM and other divalent cations across membranes and uncouples oxidative phosphorylation while inhibiting ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. The substance is used mostly as a biochemical tool to study the role of divalent cations in various biological systems.		1.9510benzoxazole
maltoheptaose
maltoheptaose: consists of seven glucose residues in a linear 1,4-alpha-linkage; substrate for determining alpha-amylase in serum; RN given refers to (D-glucopyranose)-isomer. maltoheptaose : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide in which the glucose residue at the reducing end is in the aldehydo open-chain form.. alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1->4)-D-Glcp : A maltoheptaose heptasaccharide consisting of six alpha-D-glucose residues and a D-glucose residue joined in sequence by (1->4) glycosidic bonds.		2.0610maltoheptaose heptasaccharide
cellulose
DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.		2.9540glycoside
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.		1.95101,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
piperidines
Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.		2.4110
nitrophenols
Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.		1.9510
hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronate residues in hyaluronate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) There has been use as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS to limit NEOPLASM METASTASIS.		1.9610
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.0110nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.2110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.2110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0710
Di Guglielmo Disease
[description not available]		01.9810
Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute
A myeloproliferative disorder characterized by neoplastic proliferation of erythroblastic and myeloblastic elements with atypical erythroblasts and myeloblasts in the peripheral blood.		01.9810
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		01.9810
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		01.9810
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		01.9810
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		01.9810
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		01.9810
Recrudescence
[description not available]		01.9710
Adrenal Cancer
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma, Anaplastic
[description not available]		01.9710
Pheochromocytoma, Extra-Adrenal
[description not available]		01.9710
Cancer of the Thyroid
[description not available]		01.9710
Adenomatosis, Familial Endocrine
[description not available]		01.9710
Carcinoma
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.		01.9710
Pheochromocytoma
A usually benign, well-encapsulated, lobular, vascular tumor of chromaffin tissue of the ADRENAL MEDULLA or sympathetic paraganglia. The cardinal symptom, reflecting the increased secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE, is HYPERTENSION, which may be persistent or intermittent. During severe attacks, there may be HEADACHE; SWEATING, palpitation, apprehension, TREMOR; PALLOR or FLUSHING of the face, NAUSEA and VOMITING, pain in the CHEST and ABDOMEN, and paresthesias of the extremities. The incidence of malignancy is as low as 5% but the pathologic distinction between benign and malignant pheochromocytomas is not clear. (Dorland, 27th ed; DeVita Jr et al., Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 3d ed, p1298)		01.9710
Thyroid Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the THYROID GLAND.		01.9710
Neuroblastoma
A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)		01.9610