Compounds > phorate
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phorate

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Description

Phorate is an organophosphate insecticide that was widely used in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of pests. It is a systemic insecticide, meaning that it is absorbed by plants and then translocated throughout the plant, making it effective against pests that feed on the plant's leaves, stems, or roots. Phorate is a highly toxic compound that is readily absorbed through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract. It inhibits the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for nerve function. This inhibition leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine in the synapse, resulting in a range of symptoms including muscle tremors, convulsions, and respiratory failure. Due to its toxicity and persistence in the environment, Phorate has been banned in many countries. However, it is still used in some parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. Phorate is also used as a fumigant to control soil pests and as a seed treatment to protect crops from insect damage. However, due to its high toxicity, the use of Phorate is strictly regulated. Phorate is synthesized by a multistep process that involves the reaction of phosphorus pentasulfide with an alkyl halide, followed by reaction with an alcohol. Phorate is studied extensively to understand its environmental fate and its potential for toxicity to humans, animals, and the environment. Studies have been conducted to assess its persistence in soil and water, its potential for bioaccumulation in food chains, and its effects on wildlife and human health. The results of these studies have led to the development of regulations to restrict the use of Phorate and to minimize its potential risks.'

Phorate: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

phosphatidylcholine O-34:2 : A glycerophosphocholine that is an alkyl,acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in which the alkyl or acyl groups at positions 1 and 2 contain a total of 34 carbons and 2 double bonds. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID4790
CHEMBL ID510014
CHEBI ID38764
SCHEMBL ID26312
MeSH IDM0016628

Synonyms (126)

Synonym
phosphorodithioic acid, o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylthio)methyl] ester
american cyanamid 3,911
DIVK1C_006488
KBIO1_001432
SPECTRUM_001801
o,o-diethyl s-ethylmercaptomethyl dithiophosphonate
foraat [dutch]
vuagt 182
methanethiol, (ethylthio)-, s-ester with o,o-diethyl phosphorodithioate
o,o-diethyl s-ethylthiomethyl thiothionophosphate
rcra waste number p094
einecs 206-052-2
o,o-diethyl ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate
hsdb 1183
brn 1708517
epa pesticide chemical code 057201
geomet
phorat [german]
agrimet
caswell no. 660
phorate-10g
ei3911
o,o-diethyl s-ethylthiomethyl dithiophosphonate
methanethiol, (ethylthio)-, s-ester with o,o-diethylphosphorodithioate
vegfru foratox
phosphorodithioic acid, o,o-diethyl s-(ethylthio)methyl ester
vegfru
l 11/6
o,o-diethyl-s-(ethylthio-methyl)-dithiofosfaat [dutch]
granutox
ent 24,042
experimental insecticide 3911
timet
o,o-diaethyl-s-(aethylthio-methyl)-dithiophosphat [german]
ac 3911
rcra waste no. p094
o,o-dietil-s-(etiltio-metil)-ditiofosfato [italian]
phorate [ansi:bsi:iso]
thimet 10-g
ai3-24042
ccris 2747
dithiophosphate de o,o-diethyle et d'ethylthiomethyle [french]
thimenox
o,o-diethyl-s-((ethylthio)methyl)phosphorodithioate
thimet 10g
thimet 10 g
SPECTRUM5_001942
BSPBIO_002311
phosphorodithioic acid, o,o-diethyl s-((ethylthio)methyl) ester
o,o-diethyl s-ethylmercaptomethyl dithiophosphate
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl] phosphorodithioate
o,o-diethyl s-(ethylthio)methyl phosphorodithioate
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl] dithiophosphate
298-02-2
thimet
phorate
CHEBI:38764 ,
NCGC00163889-01
KBIOGR_001031
KBIO3_001811
KBIO2_007428
KBIOSS_002294
KBIO2_004860
KBIO2_002292
SPECTRUM4_000656
SPBIO_001680
SPECTRUM2_001860
SPECTRUM3_000816
SPECPLUS_000392
NCGC00163889-02
o,o-diethyl-s-ethylthiomethylphosphorodithioate
vegfru foratox.
CHEMBL510014
NCGC00163889-03
C18690
tox21_300398
cas-298-02-2
NCGC00254280-01
dtxcid2012459
dtxsid4032459 ,
CCG-39364
o,o-diaethyl-s-(aethylthio-methyl)-dithiophosphat
o,o-diethyl-s-(ethylthio-methyl)-dithiofosfaat
phorat
3w54x3w9iv ,
foraat
dithiophosphate de o,o-diethyle et d'ethylthiomethyle
o,o-dietil-s-(etiltio-metil)-ditiofosfato
unii-3w54x3w9iv
o,o-diethyl s-(ethylthiomethyl) phosphorodithioate
thimet g
o,o-diethyl s-ethylthiomethyl dithiophosphate
phorate 10g
phosphatidylcholine o-34:2
AKOS015898767
SCHEMBL26312
o,o-diethyl s-((ethylthio)methyl) phosphorodithioate
o,o-diethyl s-ethylthiomethyl phosphorodithioate
ent-24042
phorate [mi]
ei-3911
phorate [hsdb]
phorate [iso]
forate
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylthio)methyl] phosphorodithioate
volphor
methanethiol, (ethylthio)-, s-ester with o,o-diethyl phosphorodithioic acid
BULVZWIRKLYCBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl] dithiophosphate #
thimate
phorate, pestanal(r), analytical standard
phorate 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane
phorate 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane
J-017647
o,o-diethyl s-(ethylthio)methyl phosphorodithioic acid
phosphorodithioate, o,o-diethyl s-((ethylthio)methyl) ester
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulfanyl)methyl] dithiophosphoric acid
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulphanyl)methyl] dithiophosphate
o,o-diethyl s-ethylmercaptomethyl dithiophosphoric acid
o,o-diethyl s-[(ethylsulphanyl)methyl] dithiophosphoric acid
phorate 1000 microg/ml in methanol
Q421197
diethoxy-(ethylsulfanylmethylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-lambda5-phosphane
phorate 1000 microg/ml in acetone
phorate 100 microg/ml in methanol
phorate 1000 microg/ml in toluene

Research Excerpts

Overview

Phorate is a systemic insecticide used to eradicate mites, insects, and nematodes. It is a highly toxic pesticide currently in use throughout the world.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Phorate is a systemic insecticide used to eradicate mites, insects, and nematodes. "( Biodegradation of phorate by bacterial strains in the presence of humic acid and metal ions.
Anil, AG; Kumar, V; Ramamurthy, PC; Romero, R; Singh, J; Singh, S, 2022)		2.5
"Phorate is a highly toxic agricultural pesticide currently in use throughout the world. "( Kinetic analysis of oxime-assisted reactivation of human, Guinea pig, and rat acetylcholinesterase inhibited by the organophosphorus pesticide metabolite phorate oxon (PHO).
Babin, MC; Jett, DA; McGarry, KG; Moyer, RA; Platoff, GE; Yeung, DT, 2018)		2.12

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Moreover, more information can be provided on the evaluation of toxicity of phorate using metabonomics combined with clinical chemistry."( Metabonomics evaluation of urine from rats administered with phorate under long-term and low-level exposure by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Guo, L; Hou, Y; Sun, C; Sun, X; Xu, W; Zeng, Y; Zhao, X, 2014)		0.87

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" Based on dosage mortality curves obtained with increasing amounts of atrazine, mortalities of 50 percent of the insect populations would have been achieved with 23, 40, 6, and 10 micrograms of atrazine added to the abovementioned dosages of carbofuran, DDT, parathion, and diazinon, respectively."( Synergism of insecticides by herbicides.
Anderegg, BN; Liang, TT; Lichtenstein, EP, 1973)		0.25
"2 mg/ml) of the gulonic acid lactone-methanol solution, and the concentrations (500 ng/ml) of organic phosphorus pesticide are same, to determine the best dosage of gulonic acid lactone."( [Research the role of gulonic acid lactone in the five kinds of organic phosphorus pesticide detection].
Du, H; Pan, X; Shao, H; Yan, H, 2010)		0.36
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of enzyme acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7), which helps breaking down of acetylcholine into choline and acetic acid.
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitorAn EC 3.1.1.* (carboxylic ester hydrolase) inhibitor that interferes with the action of cholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.8).
acaricideA substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
agrochemicalAn agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
organic thiophosphate
organothiophosphate insecticide
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
acetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Potency63.26090.002541.796015,848.9004AID1347395; AID1347398
GLI family zinc finger 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.02630.000714.592883.7951AID1259392
estrogen nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency30.63790.000229.305416,493.5996AID743079
thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHomo sapiens (human)Potency27.30600.001628.015177.1139AID1224843; AID1224895
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency86.34920.000627.21521,122.0200AID720636
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (52)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1081325Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.38 to2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081367Cmax in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) shoots measured 45 days post dose following field application at 1 and 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081342Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081357Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 120 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081374Toxicity in Rattus norvegicus (rat)2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081373Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) roots measured 15 days post dose following field application at 1 and 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081331Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hec2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081344Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.8 to2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081369Drug absorption in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) roots assessed as mean drug level measured post dose following field application at 1 and 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081341Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.8 t2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081356Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 90 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081359Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 90 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081339Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredi2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081351Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 120 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081354Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 120 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081372Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) roots measured 15 days post dose following field application at 1 and 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081336Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredie2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081326Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/he2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081347Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/h2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081340Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.8 t2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081345Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.8 to2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081350Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 90 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081333Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested in tomato plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1081358Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 100 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081353Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 90 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID399290Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from nerve tissue of Lymnaea acuminata at 0.5 ug w/v relative to control
AID1081349Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 100 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081329Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.38 to 2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID399288In vivo inhibition of acetylcholinesterase from nerve tissue of Lymnaea acuminata at 30 mg/l relative to control
AID1081368Drug translocation in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) roots assessed as mean drug level measured post dose following field application at 1 and 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081360Solubility in water2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081337Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingred2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081328Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.38 to 2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081343Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081324Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare (Rvb = 1.38 to2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081348Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 120 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081332Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081355Drug level in Cicer arietinum (chickpea) green seeds measured 100 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081335Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081338Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 55 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredien2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081352Drug level in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) green seeds measured 100 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081346Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/h2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081330Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 55 days post dose following field application at 2 kg of active ingredient/hec2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081327Nematicidal activity against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita J2 (root-knot nematode) infested tomato plants plots assessed as nematode population per cm3 soil measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 kg of active ingredient/he2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID1081334Nematicidal activity against Rotylenchulus reniformis (reniform nematode) infested chickpea plants plots assessed as reduction in nematode population measured 110 days post dose following field application at 1 to 2 kg of active ingredient/hectare2010Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, Feb-10, Volume: 58, Issue:3
Persistence and nematicidal efficacy of carbosulfan, cadusafos, phorate, and triazophos in soil and uptake by chickpea and tomato crops under tropical conditions.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (116)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199039 (33.62)18.7374
1990's11 (9.48)18.2507
2000's24 (20.69)29.6817
2010's35 (30.17)24.3611
2020's7 (6.03)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 55.83

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index55.83 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.91 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.65 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index90.63 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.01 (0.95)

This Compound (55.83)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (0.75%)5.53%
Reviews2 (1.50%)6.00%
Case Studies6 (4.51%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other124 (93.23%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
carbamates
[no description available]		3.0650amino-acid anion
citric acid, anhydrous
Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.		2.110tricarboxylic acidantimicrobial agent;
chelator;
food acidity regulator;
fundamental metabolite
glycine
[no description available]		2.0410alpha-amino acid;
amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid;
serine family amino acid		EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor;
fundamental metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent;
micronutrient;
neurotransmitter;
NMDA receptor agonist;
nutraceutical
indoleacetic acid
indoleacetic acid: RN given refers to unlabeled parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4841. auxin : Any of a group of compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, that induce cell elongation in plant stems (from Greek alphaupsilonxialphanuomega, "to grow").. indole-3-acetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 1H-indol-3-yl group.		2.0110indole-3-acetic acids;
monocarboxylic acid		auxin;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant hormone;
plant metabolite
iodine
Iodine: A nonmetallic element of the halogen group that is represented by the atomic symbol I, atomic number 53, and atomic weight of 126.90. It is a nutritionally essential element, especially important in thyroid hormone synthesis. In solution, it has anti-infective properties and is used topically.. diiodine : Molecule comprising two covalently bonded iodine atoms with overall zero charge..		1.9410diatomic iodinenutrient
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		1.9710alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
parathion
[no description available]		4.86110C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
uric acid
Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.. uric acid : An oxopurine that is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism.. 6-hydroxy-1H-purine-2,8(7H,9H)-dione : A tautomer of uric acid having oxo groups at C-2 and C-8 and a hydroxy group at C-6.. 7,9-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6,8(3H)-trione : An oxopurine in which the purine ring is substituted by oxo groups at positions 2, 6, and 8.		2.110uric acidEscherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid: An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system.. 2,4-D : A chlorophenoxyacetic acid that is phenoxyacetic acid in which the ring hydrogens at postions 2 and 4 are substituted by chlorines.		2.3820chlorophenoxyacetic acid;
dichlorobenzene		agrochemical;
defoliant;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
phenoxy herbicide;
synthetic auxin
acephate
acephate : A phosphoramide that is methamidophos in which one of the hydrogens is replaced by an acetyl group.		2.0310mixed diacylamine;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
alachlor
alachlor : An aromatic amide that is N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)acetamide substituted by a methoxymethyl group at at the nitrogen atom while one of the hydrogens of the methyl group has been replaced by a chlorine atom.		1.9710aromatic amide;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
atrazine
[no description available]		1.9510chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
carbofuran
Carbofuran: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic insecticide, an acaricide, and nematocide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		4.941201-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
chlorpyrifos
Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.		2.7530chloropyridine;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
coumaphos
Coumaphos: A organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an anthelmintic, insecticide, and as a nematocide.		2.0510organic thiophosphate;
organochlorine compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
cypermethrin
cypermethrin : A carboxylic ester resulting from the formal condensation between 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid and the alcoholic hydroxy group of hydroxy(3-phenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile.. zeta-cypermethrin : A diastereoisomeric mixture comprising the isomeric pair (1R)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaR)-cypermethrin together with the isomeric pair (1S)-cis-(alphaS)- and (1S)-trans-(alphaS)-cypermethrin where the ratio between the isomeric pairs lies in the range 45:55 to 55:45.		6.9810aromatic ether;
cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
nitrile;
organochlorine compound		agrochemical;
molluscicide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
diazinon
Diazinon: A cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an organothiophosphorus insecticide.. diazinon : A member of the class of pyrimidines that is pyrimidine carrying an isopropyl group at position 2, a methyl group at position 6 and a (diethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		3.7430organic thiophosphate;
pyrimidines		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
nematicide;
xenobiotic
dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene
Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene: An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.		2.3520chlorophenylethylene;
monochlorobenzenes		human xenobiotic metabolite;
persistent organic pollutant
ddt
1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source		2.6430benzenoid aromatic compound;
chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		bridged diphenyl acaricide;
carcinogenic agent;
endocrine disruptor;
persistent organic pollutant
dichlorvos
Dichlorvos: An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.. dichlorvos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 2,2-dichloroethenyl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		3.4820alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organophosphate insecticide		anthelminthic drug;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
dimethoate
Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.. dimethoate : A monocarboxylic acid amide that is N-methylacetamide in which one of the hydrogens of the methyl group attached to the carbonyl moiety is replaced by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanediyl group.		4.79100monocarboxylic acid amide;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide;
xenobiotic
disulfoton
Disulfoton: An organothiophosphate insecticide.. disulfoton : An organic thiophosphate that is the diethyl ester of S-[2-(ethylsulfanyl)ethyl] dihydrogen phosphorodithioate.		3.4980organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
ethion
ethion: minor descriptor (73-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (73-82). ethion : An organic thiophosphate that is S,S'-methanediyl bis[dihydrogen (phosphorodithioate)] in which all the hydroxy groups have been converted to their corresponding ethyl esters respectively. Ethion is an organophosphate insecticide with inhibitory activity towards the enzyme acetylcholinesterase ( EC 3.1.1.7).		2.7430organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
insecticide
ethoprophos
ethoprop: structure		2.7430organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
antinematodal drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenthion
Fenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.. fenthion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen atom of the hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-methyl-4-(methylsulfanyl)phenyl group. It exhibits acaricidal and insecticidal activities.		2.8840organic thiophosphateacaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
fenvalerate
fenvalerate: synthetic pyrethroid; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation; structure. fenvalerate : A carboxylic ester obtained by formal condensation between 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid and cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methanol.		2.3920aromatic ether;
carboxylic ester;
monochlorobenzenes		pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide
glyphosate
glyphosate: active cpd in herbicidal formulation Roundup; inhibits EC 2.5.1.19, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase; structure. glyphosate : A phosphonic acid resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the methyl group of methylphosphonic acid with the amino group of glycine. It is one of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide, and the only one to target the enzyme 5-enolpyruvyl-3-shikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS).		2.0410glycine derivative;
phosphonic acid		agrochemical;
EC 2.5.1.19 (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor;
herbicide
heptachlor
Heptachlor: A man-made compound previously used to control termites and other insects. Even though production of heptachlor was phased out of use in the United States during the late 1980's it remains in soil and hazardous waste sites. It is clearly toxic to animals and humans but, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has determined that heptachlor is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. (From ATSDR Public Heath Statement, April 1989). heptachlor : A cyclodiene organochlorine insecticide that is 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-4,7-methanoindene substituted by chlorine atoms at positions 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 8. Formerly used to kill termites, ants and other insects in agricultural and domestic situations.		2.3520cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideagrochemical;
antibacterial agent;
antifungal agent;
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
kynurenic acid
Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.. kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4.		2.110monohydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		G-protein-coupled receptor agonist;
human metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
nicotinic antagonist;
NMDA receptor antagonist;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
malathion
Malathion: A wide spectrum aliphatic organophosphate insecticide widely used for both domestic and commercial agricultural purposes.. malathion : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R) and (S)-malathion. It is a broad spectrum organophosphate proinsecticide used to control a wide range of pests including Coleoptera, Diptera, fruit flies, mosquitos and spider mites.. diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio]succinate : A diester that is diethyl succinate in which position 2 is substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)thio group.		4.3260diester;
ethyl ester;
organic thiophosphate
methamidophos
methamidophos: structure. methamidophos : An organic thiophosphate resulting from the N-deacylation of the proinsecticide acephate.		2.0610organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide;
phosphoramide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide
methyl parathion
Methyl Parathion: The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.. parathion-methyl : A C-nitro compound that is 4-nitrophenol substituted by a (dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)oxy group at position 4.		3.1150C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
antifungal agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
genotoxin
methyl salicylate
methyl salicylate: used in over-the-counter liniments, ointments, lotions for relief of musculoskeletal aches and pains; has hemolytic effect on human & sheep erythrocytes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #5990. methyl salicylate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of salicylic acid.		2.1510benzoate ester;
methyl ester;
salicylates		flavouring agent;
insect attractant;
metabolite
phosalone
phosalone: structure. phosalone : A member of the class of 1,3-benzoxazoles carrying a [(diethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the nitrogen atom, an oxo group at position 2 and a chloro group at position 6. It is an organothiophosphate insecticide.		1.97101,3-benzoxazoles;
carbamate ester;
organochlorine insecticide;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
propanil
Propanil: A chlorinated anilide that is used as an herbicide.. propanil : An anilide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of propanoic acid with the amino group of 3,4-dichloroaniline. It is a herbicide used for the treatment of numerous grasses and broad-leaved weeds in rice, potatoes, and wheat.		1.9510anilide;
dichlorobenzene		herbicide
simazine
Simazine: A triazine herbicide.. simazine : A diamino-1,3,5-triazine that is N,N'-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine substituted by a chloro group at position 6.		1.9510chloro-1,3,5-triazine;
diamino-1,3,5-triazine		environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
trifluralin
Trifluralin: A microtubule-disrupting pre-emergence herbicide.. trifluralin : A substituted aniline that is N,N-dipropylaniline substituted by a nitro groups at positions 2 and 6 and a trifluoromethyl group at position 4. It is an agrochemical used as a pre-emergence herbicide.		1.9510(trifluoromethyl)benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
substituted aniline		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
xanthurenic acid
xanthurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at C-4 and C-8.		2.110dihydroxyquinoline;
quinolinemonocarboxylic acid		animal metabolite;
iron chelator;
metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist;
vesicular glutamate transport inhibitor
trichlorfon
Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.		7.3920organic phosphonate;
organochlorine compound;
phosphonic ester		agrochemical;
anthelminthic drug;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
glutamine
Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells.. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.. glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4.		8.5311amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
glutamine;
L-alpha-amino acid;
polar amino acid zwitterion;
proteinogenic amino acid		EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.1310glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
chlordan
Chlordan: A highly poisonous organochlorine insecticide. The EPA has cancelled registrations of pesticides containing this compound with the exception of its use through subsurface ground insertion for termite control and the dipping of roots or tops of non-food plants. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		1.9510cyclodiene organochlorine insecticideGABA-gated chloride channel antagonist;
persistent organic pollutant
carbaryl
Carbaryl: A carbamate insecticide and parasiticide. It is a potent anticholinesterase agent belonging to the carbamate group of reversible cholinesterase inhibitors. It has a particularly low toxicity from dermal absorption and is used for control of head lice in some countries.. carbaryl : A carbamate ester obtained by the formal condensation of 1-naphthol with methylcarbamic acid.		4.3260carbamate ester;
naphthalenes		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
plant growth retardant
dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane: An organochlorine insecticide that is slightly irritating to the skin. (From Merck Index, 11th ed, p482)		1.9510chlorophenylethane;
monochlorobenzenes;
organochlorine insecticide		xenobiotic metabolite
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.0610erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		1.9710aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone
beta-glucono-1,5-lactone: structure. D-glucono-1,5-lactone : An aldono-1,5-lactone obtained from D-gluconic acid.		2.0510aldono-1,5-lactone;
gluconolactone		animal metabolite;
mouse metabolite
diethyl malonate
diethyl malonate: isomer of diethylmalonic acid; one of most used compounds in drug synthesis, don't confuse with ethylmalonic acid		2.1510dicarboxylic acid
obidoxime chloride
Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.		2.1710
potassium cyanide
[no description available]		2.1510cyanide salt;
one-carbon compound;
potassium salt		EC 1.15.1.1 (superoxide dismutase) inhibitor;
EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor;
neurotoxin
paraoxon
[no description available]		2.3520aryl dialkyl phosphate;
organophosphate insecticide		EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
mouse metabolite
mexacarbate
mexacarbate: insecticide & acaricide; minor descriptor (75-82); online & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, CARBAMATE (75-82)		6.9810benzenes
trichloronate
[no description available]		2.0110organochlorine compound
linuron
Linuron: A selective pre- and post-emergence herbicide. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). linuron : A member of the class of phenylureas that is N-methyl urea substituted by a methoxy group at position 1 and a 3,4-dichlorophenyl group at position 3.		1.9510dichlorobenzene;
phenylureas		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
cyanamide
Cyanamide: A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.. cyanamide : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by an amino group.		1.9910nitrile;
one-carbon compound		EC 1.2.1.3 [aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor
chlorfenvinphos
Chlorfenvinphos: An organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and an acaricide.		2.4420dichlorobenzene;
organic phosphate;
organochlorine acaricide;
organochlorine insecticide;
organophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
fusarium
Fusarium: A mitosporic Hypocreales fungal genus, various species of which are important parasitic pathogens of plants and a variety of vertebrates. Teleomorphs include GIBBERELLA.		2.0110
suberic acid
suberic acid: used in plastics industry; inhibits activity of some enzymes; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. suberic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,6-dicarboxy derivative of hexane.		2.110alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid;
dicarboxylic fatty acid		human metabolite
copper gluconate
Gluconates: Derivatives of gluconic acid (the structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH), including its salts and esters.		2.0510organic molecular entity
thiometon
thiometon: minor descriptor (72-85); on-line & Index Medicus search INSECTICIDES, ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATE (72-85); RN given refers to parent cpd		1.9610organic thiophosphate;
organosulfur compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
bensulide
[no description available]		2.0610benzenes
fonofos
Fonofos: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		7.8840organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
methidathion
methidathion: widely used on citrus, tobacco, alfalfa, cotton, sorghum & several other crops		2.0610organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		1.9710organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
didodecyldimethylammonium
didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.610
sulfotepp
sulfotepp: analog of TEPP in which one keto-oxygen and one ether linked oxygen are replaced by sulfur atoms; insecticide; acaricide; structure		2.0310organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
silver
Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.		7.5920copper group element atom;
elemental silver		Escherichia coli metabolite
gold
Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.		7.1310copper group element atom;
elemental gold
ozone
Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).. ozone : An elemental molecule with formula O3. An explosive, pale blue gas (b.p. -112degreeC) that has a characteristic, pungent odour, it is continuously produced in the upper atmosphere by the action of solar ultraviolet radiation on atmospheric oxygen. It is an antimicrobial agent used in the production of bottled water, as well as in the treatment of meat, poultry and other foodstuffs.		2.4220elemental molecule;
gas molecular entity;
reactive oxygen species;
triatomic oxygen		antiseptic drug;
disinfectant;
electrophilic reagent;
greenhouse gas;
mutagen;
oxidising agent;
tracer
terbufos
[no description available]		3.2860organic thiophosphate;
organosulfur compound;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
quinalphos
quinalphos: RN given refers to cpd with locant for quinoxalinyl group in position 2; structure		2.0710organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
metribuzin
metribuzin : A member of the class of 1,2,4-triazines that is 1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one substituted by an amino group at position 4, tert-butyl group at position 6 and a methylsulfanyl group at position 3.		1.99101,2,4-triazines;
cyclic ketone;
organic sulfide		agrochemical;
environmental contaminant;
herbicide;
xenobiotic
fenamiphos
[no description available]		2.7730organophosphate insecticide;
organophosphate nematicide;
phosphoramidate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor
fenitrothion
Fenitrothion: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.. fenitrothion : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.		3.7630C-nitro compound;
organic thiophosphate		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
insecticide
triazophos
triazophos: structure		7.0510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
permethrin
hemoglobin Atlanta-Coventry: Leu replaced by Pro at beta75 and Leu deleted at beta141		2.0510cyclopropanecarboxylate ester;
cyclopropanes		agrochemical;
ectoparasiticide;
pyrethroid ester acaricide;
pyrethroid ester insecticide;
scabicide
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran
dibutylaminosulfenylcarbofuran: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified thio moieties		2.05101-benzofurans;
carbamate ester		acaricide;
agrochemical;
carbamate insecticide;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
triazoles
Triazoles: Heterocyclic compounds containing a five-membered ring with two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms with the molecular formula C2H3N3.. triazoles : An azole in which the five-membered heterocyclic aromatic skeleton contains three N atoms and two C atoms.		2.44201,2,3-triazole
tebuconazole
Lynx: A genus in the family FELIDAE comprising felines with long legs, ear tufts, and a short tail.. 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)pentan-3-ol : A tertiary alcohol that is pentan-3-ol substituted by a 4-chlorophenyl, methyl, methyl, and a 1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl at positions 1, 4, 4 and 3 respectively.. tebuconazole : A racemate composed of equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-tebuconazole. A fungicide effective against various smut and bunt diseases in cereals and other field crops.		7.0210monochlorobenzenes;
tertiary alcohol;
triazoles
cadusafos
cadusafos: pesticide; structure in first source		7.0510organic thiophosphate;
organothiophosphate insecticide		agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
nematicide
caprylates
Caprylates: Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.. octanoate : A straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of octanoic acid (caprylic acid); believed to block adipogenesis.		2.110fatty acid anion 8:0;
straight-chain saturated fatty acid anion		human metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
thiophosphoric acid
thiophosphoric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.110phosphorothioic acid
atropine
tropan-3alpha-yl 3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoate : A tropane alkaloid that is (1R,5)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane substituted by a (3-hydroxy-2-phenylpropanoyl)oxy group at position 3.		3.8721
cholic acid
Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.. cholic acid : A bile acid that is 5beta-cholan-24-oic acid bearing three alpha-hydroxy substituents at position 3, 7 and 12.		2.11012alpha-hydroxy steroid;
3alpha-hydroxy steroid;
7alpha-hydroxy steroid;
bile acid;
C24-steroid;
trihydroxy-5beta-cholanic acid		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
indican
[no description available]		2.110beta-D-glucoside;
exopolysaccharide;
indolyl carbohydrate
flavin-adenine dinucleotide
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide: A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)		1.9710flavin adenine dinucleotide;
vitamin B2		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
prosthetic group
dieldrin
Dieldrin: An organochlorine insecticide whose use has been cancelled or suspended in the United States. It has been used to control locusts, tropical disease vectors, in termite control by direct soil injection, and non-food seed and plant treatment. (From HSDB). dieldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of aldrin. It is the active metabolite of the proinsecticde aldrin.		2.8740epoxide;
organochlorine compound;
organochlorine insecticide		carcinogenic agent;
xenobiotic
thiourea
Thiourea: A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.. thiourea : The simplest member of the thiourea class, consisting of urea with the oxygen atom substituted by sulfur.		1.9910one-carbon compound;
thioureas;
ureas		antioxidant;
chromophore
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate
1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate: is a nonaqueous ionic liquid		2.0510
phosphamidon
Phosphamidon: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		2.6630
bilirubin
[no description available]		2.110biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tetrachlorvinphos
Tetrachlorvinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide. It has low mammalian toxicity. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)		2.0110alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
organochlorine insecticide;
organophosphate insecticide;
trichlorobenzene		acaricide;
agrochemical;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
diamide
Diamide: A sulfhydryl reagent which oxidizes sulfhydryl groups to the disulfide form. It is a radiation-sensitizing agent of anoxic bacterial and mammalian cells.		2.41101,1'-azobis(N,N-dimethylformamide)
mevinphos
Mevinphos: An organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide.		3.0510
sulfur
Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.		7.0310chalcogen;
nonmetal atom		macronutrient
monocrotophos
Monocrotophos: An organophosphate insecticide that inhibits monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. It has been shown to be genotoxic.. monocrotophos : An alkenyl phosphate that is the 4-(methylamino)-4-oxobut-2-en-2-yl ester of dimethyl phosphate.		2.6630alkenyl phosphate;
dialkyl phosphate;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
organophosphate insecticide		acaricide;
agrochemical;
avicide;
EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor
phosphorus
Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.		1.9910monoatomic phosphorus;
nonmetal atom;
pnictogen		macronutrient
aldicarb
Aldicarb: Carbamate derivative used as an insecticide, acaricide, and nematocide.. aldicarb : The oxime carbamate resulting from the addition of 2-methyl-2-(methylsulfanyl)propanaldoxime to methyl isocyanate. A member of the class of oxime carbamate insecticides, aldicarb is a mixture of E and Z isomers; it is not known which isomer is more active.		9.3160
phoxim
phoxim: structure		2.0510
dextrothyroxine
[no description available]		2.2110
chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll: Porphyrin derivatives containing magnesium that act to convert light energy in photosynthetic organisms.. chlorophyll : A family of magnesium porphyrins, defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. The rings can have various side chains which usually include a long phytol chain.		2.0710chlorophyll;
methyl ester		cofactor
endrin
Endrin: An organochlorine compound that was formerly used as an insecticide. Its manufacture and use has been discontinued in the United States. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). endrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the epoxidation of the double bond of isodrin. It is the endo, endo stereoisomer of dieldrin. It is an insecticide mainly used on field crops such as cotton and grains and has also been used as a rodenticide to control mice and voles. The product is banned in many countries since it is a persistent organic pollutant.		1.9410
salicylates
Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.		2.1510monohydroxybenzoateplant metabolite
clay
Clay: A naturally-occurring rock or soil constituent characterized by particles with a diameter of less than 0.005 mm. It is composed primarily of hydrous aluminum silicates, trace amounts of metal OXIDES, and organic matter.		7.4920
pyrethrins
[no description available]		2.8940
aldrin
Aldrin: A highly poisonous substance that was formerly used as an insecticide. The manufacture and use has been discontinued in the U.S. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). aldrin : An organochlorine compound resulting from the Diels-Alder reaction of hexachlorocyclopentadiene with norbornadiene. A proinsecticide (by epoxidation of the non-chlorinated double bond to give dieldrin), it was widely used as an insecticide before being banned in the 1970s as a persistent organic pollutant.		2.6530
guanine
[no description available]		2.1102-aminopurines;
oxopurine;
purine nucleobase		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
7-methylguanine
7-methylguanine: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure. 7-methylguanine : A methylguanine that is guanine substituted by a methyl group at position 7. It is a metabolite obtained during the methylation of DNA.. 2-imino-7-methyl-1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,2,3,7-tetrahydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an imino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.. 2-amino-7-methyl-7H-purin-6-ol : A 7-methylguanine that is 7H-purine substituted by an amino group at position 2, a methyl group at position 7 and a hydroxy group at position 6.. 2-amino-7-methyl-1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one : A 7-methylguanine that is 1,7-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one substituted by an amino group at position 2 and a methyl group at position 7.		2.1107-methylguanine
methylnitronitrosoguanidine
Methylnitronitrosoguanidine: A nitrosoguanidine derivative with potent mutagenic and carcinogenic properties.. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine : An N-nitroguanidine compound having nitroso and methyl substituents at the N'-position		1.9610nitroso compoundalkylating agent
imidacloprid
imidacloprid: systemic & contact insecticide exhibiting low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source; it is one of the neonicotinoid insecticides, which acts as an antagonist by binding to postsynaptic nicotinic receptors in the insect central nervous system. imidacloprid : An imidazolidine that is N-nitroimidazolidin-2-imine bearing a (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl substituent at position 1.		2.2110imidacloprid;
imidazolidines;
monochloropyridine		environmental contaminant;
genotoxin;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
clothianidin
clothianidin: structure in first source. clothianidin : An N-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroguanidine having a (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl group at position 1 and a methyl group at position 3.		2.41101,3-thiazoles;
2-nitroguanidine derivative;
clothianidin;
organochlorine compound		environmental contaminant;
neonicotinoid insectide;
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
avermectin
avermectin: produced by actinomycete, Streptomyces avermitilis; structure; see also records for specific avermectins. avermectin : Any of the macrolides obtained as fermentation products from the bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis and consisting of a 16-membered macrocyclic backbone that is fused both benzofuran and spiroketal functions and contains a disaccharide substituent. They have significant anthelmintic and insecticidal properties.		2.2110
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0310
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.0310
Anemia, Fanconi
[description not available]		02.1310
Fanconi Anemia
Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)		02.1310
Organophosphorus Poisoning
[description not available]		03.9221
Intestinal Obstruction
Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.		03.5311
Organophosphate Poisoning
Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.		03.9221
Child Development Deviations
[description not available]		02.1710
Distorted Hearing
[description not available]		02.1710
Day Blindness
[description not available]		02.1710
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.1710
Developmental Disabilities
Disorders in which there is a delay in development based on that expected for a given age level or stage of development. These impairments or disabilities originate before age 18, may be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitute a substantial impairment. Biological and nonbiological factors are involved in these disorders. (From American Psychiatric Glossary, 6th ed)		02.1710
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.1710
Diseases, Occupational
[description not available]		02.0510
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		02.4420
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		02.4420
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.0710
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.4120
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0110
Agricultural Worker Disease
[description not available]		02.0310
Alcohol Drinking
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, including social drinking.		02.0310
Brain Dead
[description not available]		02.0410
Coma
A profound state of unconsciousness associated with depressed cerebral activity from which the individual cannot be aroused. Coma generally occurs when there is dysfunction or injury involving both cerebral hemispheres or the brain stem RETICULAR FORMATION.		02.4220
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		07.6830
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9510
A-V Dissociation
[description not available]		01.9810
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		01.9810
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		01.9810
Alcoholic Intoxication
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.		01.9910
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		01.9910
Chromosome-Defective Micronuclei
[description not available]		01.9910
Brain Inflammation
[description not available]		0210
Palsy
[description not available]		0210
Polyneuropathy, Acquired
[description not available]		0210
Encephalitis
Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.		0210
Paralysis
A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)		0210
Polyneuropathies
Diseases of multiple peripheral nerves simultaneously. Polyneuropathies usually are characterized by symmetrical, bilateral distal motor and sensory impairment with a graded increase in severity distally. The pathological processes affecting peripheral nerves include degeneration of the axon, myelin or both. The various forms of polyneuropathy are categorized by the type of nerve affected (e.g., sensory, motor, or autonomic), by the distribution of nerve injury (e.g., distal vs. proximal), by nerve component primarily affected (e.g., demyelinating vs. axonal), by etiology, or by pattern of inheritance.		0210
Atrophy
Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes.		01.9510
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		01.9510
Bovine Diseases
[description not available]		02.3520
Equine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Ovine Diseases
[description not available]		01.9510
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.		01.9510
Poultry Diseases
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.		01.9410
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.		01.9410