| Substance | Relationship Strength | Studies | Trials | Classes | Roles |
|---|
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group. | 2.53 | 2 | 0 | 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid | algal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite |
spermine
[no description available] | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | polyazaalkane;
tetramine | antioxidant;
fundamental metabolite;
immunosuppressive agent |
acetazolamide
Acetazolamide: One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337) | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | monocarboxylic acid amide;
sulfonamide;
thiadiazoles | anticonvulsant;
diuretic;
EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor |
cetyltrimethylammonium ion
Cetrimonium: Cetyltrimethylammonium compound whose salts and derivatives are used primarily as topical antiseptics.. cetyltrimethylammonium ion : A quaternary ammonium ion in which the substituents on nitrogen are one hexadecyl and three methyl groups. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | quaternary ammonium ion | |
chloroquine
Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis. | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound | anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug |
pentetic acid
Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | pentacarboxylic acid | copper chelator |
erythrosine
Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays. | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
fluorouracil
Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nucleobase analogue;
organofluorine compound | antimetabolite;
antineoplastic agent;
environmental contaminant;
immunosuppressive agent;
radiosensitizing agent;
xenobiotic |
mechlorethamine
nitrogen mustard : Compounds having two beta-haloalkyl groups bound to a nitrogen atom, as in (X-CH2-CH2)2NR. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | nitrogen mustard;
organochlorine compound | alkylating agent |
aspartic acid
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.. aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent. L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | aspartate family amino acid;
aspartic acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid | Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter |
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | glycosyl glycoside | algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent |
edetic acid
Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive. | 2 | 1 | 0 | ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid | anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector |
calcium acetate
calcium acetate: a principal compound used as phosphate binders in patients with chronic renal failure; used like sevelamer. calcium acetate : The calcium salt of acetic acid. It is used, commonly as a hydrate, to treat hyperphosphataemia (excess phosphate in the blood) in patients with kidney disease: the calcium ion combines with dietary phosphate to form (insoluble) calcium phosphate, which is excreted in the faeces. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | calcium salt | chelator |
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine: Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. | 2.71 | 3 | 0 | | |
2-naphthylamine
2-Naphthylamine: A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action.. 2-naphthylamine : A naphthylamine carrying the amino group at position 2. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | naphthylamine | carcinogenic agent |
dimethyldioctadecylammonium
dimethyldioctadecylammonium: a cationic lipid analog; RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.42 | 2 | 0 | | |
glycocholic acid
Glycocholic Acid: The glycine conjugate of CHOLIC ACID. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed.. glycocholic acid : A bile acid glycine conjugate having cholic acid as the bile acid component.. glycocholate : A cholanic acid conjugate anion that is the conjugate base of glycocholic acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | bile acid glycine conjugate | human metabolite |
isomaltose
[no description available] | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
stearylamine
stearylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd. octadecan-1-amine : An 18-carbon primary aliphatic amine. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | primary aliphatic amine | film-forming compound |
fluorescein
Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | 2-benzofurans;
gamma-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
oxaspiro compound;
polyphenol;
xanthene dye | fluorescent dye;
radioopaque medium |
didodecyldimethylammonium
didodecyldimethylammonium: RN given refers to parent cpd | 2.93 | 4 | 0 | | |
hexadimethrine bromide
Hexadimethrine Bromide: A synthetic polymer which agglutinates red blood cells. It is used as a heparin antagonist. | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
aluminum sulfate
aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | aluminium sulfate | |
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | benzenes;
phenyl acetates | |
transferrin
Transferrin: An iron-binding beta1-globulin that is synthesized in the LIVER and secreted into the blood. It plays a central role in the transport of IRON throughout the circulation. A variety of transferrin isoforms exist in humans, including some that are considered markers for specific disease states. | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | | |
sodium azide
Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed). sodium azide : The sodium salt of hydrogen azide (hydrazoic acid). | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | inorganic sodium salt | antibacterial agent;
explosive;
mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor;
mutagen |
azides
Azides: Organic or inorganic compounds that contain the -N3 group.. azide : Any nitrogen molecular entity containing the group -N3. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | pseudohalide anion | mitochondrial respiratory-chain inhibitor |
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL). | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid | antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent |
idarubicin
Idarubicin: An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | anthracycline antibiotic;
deoxy hexoside;
monosaccharide derivative | |
raloxifene hydrochloride
Raloxifene Hydrochloride: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.. raloxifene hydrochloride : A hydrochloride salt resulting from the reaction of equimolar amounts of raloxifene and hydrogen chloride. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | hydrochloride | bone density conservation agent;
estrogen antagonist;
estrogen receptor modulator |
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages. | 2.03 | 1 | 0 | D-glucopyranose | epitope;
mouse metabolite |
n-acetylaspartic acid
N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid : An N-acyl-L-aspartic acid in which the acyl group is specified as acetyl. | 3.1 | 1 | 0 | N-acetyl-L-amino acid;
N-acyl-L-aspartic acid | antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
rat metabolite |
fluorexon
fluorexon: structure | 2 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | fluorochrome |
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-phosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | | |
1,2-distearoyllecithin
[no description available] | 2.15 | 1 | 0 | | |
dicetylphosphate
dicetylphosphate: RN given refers to parent cpd. dicetyl hydrogen phosphate : The dihexadecyl ester of phosphoric acid. | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | dialkyl phosphate | |
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 1,2-distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl group at C-1 and C-2 is stearoyl. | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine zwitterion;
phosphatidylethanolamine | human metabolite |
laurdan
laurdan: RN from CA Index Guide | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | | |
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate
3-((3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonium)-1-propanesulfonate: a surfactant; structure given in first source | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | 1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate | |
deoxyglucose
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.. deoxyglucose : A deoxyhexose comprising glucose having at least one hydroxy group replaced by hydrogen. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | | |
(3-dimyristyloxypropyl)(dimethyl)(hydroxyethyl)ammonium
(3-dimyristyloxypropyl)(dimethyl)(hydroxyethyl)ammonium: a cationic lipid; RN refers to bromide salt | 2.7 | 3 | 0 | | |
phosphoramide
phosphoramide: RN given refers to triamide. phosphoramide : A compound in which one or more of the OH groups of phosphoric acid have been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group. The term is commonly confined to the phosphoric triamides, P(=O)(NR2)3, since replacement of one or two OH groups produces phosphoramidic acids: P(=O)(OH)(NR2)2 , P(=O)(OH)2(NR2). | 2.02 | 1 | 0 | | |
didodecyl n-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)glutamate
didodecyl N-(alpha-trimethylammonioacetyl)glutamate: used in preparing cationic multilamellar vesicles | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | | |
1,2-didodecanoyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | dodecanoate ester;
phosphatidylglycerol | |
wortmannin
[no description available] | 1.99 | 1 | 0 | acetate ester;
cyclic ketone;
delta-lactone;
organic heteropentacyclic compound | anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
Penicillium metabolite;
radiosensitizing agent |
isomaltotriose
isomaltotriose: RN given refers to all D-isomer. isomaltotriose : A glucotriose consisting of two alpha-D-glucopyranose residues and a D-glucopyranose residue joined in sequence by (1->6) glycosidic bonds. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | glucotriose | |
monensin
Monensin: An antiprotozoal agent produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. It exerts its effect during the development of first-generation trophozoites into first-generation schizonts within the intestinal epithelial cells. It does not interfere with hosts' development of acquired immunity to the majority of coccidial species. Monensin is a sodium and proton selective ionophore and is widely used as such in biochemical studies.. monensin A : A spiroketal, monensin A is the major component of monensin, a mixture of antibiotic substances produced by Streptomyces cinnamonensis. An antiprotozoal, it is used as the sodium salt as a feed additive for the prevention of coccidiosis in poultry and as a growth promoter in cattle. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | cyclic hemiketal;
monocarboxylic acid;
polyether antibiotic;
spiroketal | antifungal agent;
coccidiostat;
ionophore |
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982 | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
ovalbumin
Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily. | 3.2 | 5 | 0 | | |
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoserine
{1-O-hexadecanoyl-2-O-[(Z)-octadec-9-enoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phospho}serine : A 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine compound with a palmitoyl group at the 1-position and an oleoyl group at the 2-position. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | 3-sn-phosphatidyl-L-serine | |
oregon green 488 carboxylic acid
[no description available] | 2.05 | 1 | 0 | xanthene dye | epitope;
fluorochrome |
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z,Z)-isomer. dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 3.42 | 7 | 0 | phosphatidylcholine(1+) | |
biliverdine
[no description available] | 2.11 | 1 | 0 | | |
diphenylhexatriene
Diphenylhexatriene: A fluorescent compound that emits light only in specific configurations in certain lipid media. It is used as a tool in the study of membrane lipids. | 2.51 | 2 | 0 | alkatriene | fluorochrome |
dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine
1,2-di-O-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine where the two phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl).. dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine : A phosphatidylcholine where the phosphatidyl acyl groups are specified as tetradecanoyl (myristoyl). | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine;
phosphatidylcholine 28:0;
tetradecanoate ester | antigen;
mouse metabolite |
4-heptadecylumbelliferone
4-heptadecylumbelliferone: fluorescence pH indicator | 2.13 | 1 | 0 | | |
carbocyanines
Carbocyanines: Compounds that contain three methine groups. They are frequently used as cationic dyes used for differential staining of biological materials. | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt | fluorochrome |
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine
1,2-dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine: RN given refers to (E,E)-isomer; member of a class of cationic lipid formulations called cytofectins | 5.73 | 20 | 1 | | |
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine: RN given refers to (Z)-isomer | 2.41 | 2 | 0 | | |
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane
1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propane: fluorescent probe for phospholipids; RN & structure given in first source | 4.39 | 20 | 0 | | |
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine
dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine: chemical name in article is incorrect - phosphatidylethandamine instead of phosphatidylethanolamine. dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine : A phosphatidylethanolamine in which the phosphatidyl acyl groups are both oleoyl. | 4.33 | 19 | 0 | phosphatidylethanolamine | |
n-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
N-(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)-N,N,N-trimethylammonium: cationic lipid; structure given in first source | 2.43 | 2 | 0 | | |
beta-escin
[no description available] | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | | |
3,5-dipentadecyloxybenzamidine hydrochloride
3,5-dipentadecyloxybenzamidine hydrochloride: structure in first source | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
lyoniside
lyoniside: see also eleutherosides & syringin for eleutheroside B: 118-34-3; RN given refers to (3beta)-isomer | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
oligonucleotides
[no description available] | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | | |
phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety. | 3.97 | 13 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine | |
glycolipids
[no description available] | 2 | 1 | 0 | | |
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) : A 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) in which both acyl groups are specified as oleoyl. | 1.98 | 1 | 0 | 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol) | |
epidermal growth factor
Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form. | 2.69 | 3 | 0 | | |
quil a
Quil A: produces antibodies to bovine ephemeral fever virus | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | | |
sybr green i
SYBR Green I: binds to double stranded DNA of less than 20 pg following agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; excited at 497 nm and emits at 520 nm. SYBR Green I : A benzothiazolium ion resulting from the methylation of the nitrogen of the benzothiazole group of N-[4-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethylene)-1-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-2-yl]-N',N'-dimethyl-N-propylpropane-1,3-diamine. A cationic unsymmetrical cyanine dye that binds to double-stranded DNA and is used as a nucleic acid stain in molecular biology. | 2 | 1 | 0 | benzothiazolium ion;
cyanine dye;
quinolines;
tertiary amine | fluorescent dye |
hirudin
Hirudin: A 65-residue polypeptide from LEECHES. | 2.04 | 1 | 0 | | |
lipofectamine
Lipofectamine: mediates gene transfer; a polycationic lipid reagent | 3.24 | 6 | 0 | | |
cyanine dye 3
cyanine dye 3: structures of Cy3 derivatives given in first source | 2.01 | 1 | 0 | | |
quillaja saponins
Quillaja Saponins: Natural detergents made up of a heterogeneous mixture of molecules having a triterpenoid core structure. They vary in aglycone (sapogenin) and sugar moieties, including glucose. | 2.44 | 2 | 0 | | |