allura red ac dye profile

Allura Red AC dye, also known as FD&C Red 40, is a synthetic azo dye widely used in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It is a bright red powder that is soluble in water. Allura Red AC dye is synthesized through a multi-step process involving diazotization of sulfanilic acid and coupling with N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-m-toluidine. The dye exhibits a strong absorbance maximum at 504 nm, contributing to its vibrant red color. In food applications, Allura Red AC dye is used to impart color to beverages, candies, and other food products. It is also used in cosmetics as a color additive in lipstick, eyeshadow, and nail polish. The dye has been the subject of research concerning its potential effects on health, particularly in relation to allergic reactions and hypersensitivity. Studies have explored the potential for Allura Red AC dye to trigger allergic responses in susceptible individuals. The dye's potential carcinogenic properties have also been investigated, with some studies suggesting a possible link to cancer development. However, the evidence remains inconclusive and requires further research. Due to these potential concerns, the use of Allura Red AC dye is regulated in many countries, with limitations imposed on its concentration in food and cosmetic products. Continued research is necessary to further understand the potential health effects of Allura Red AC dye and to ensure its safe use in various applications.'

Allura Red AC Dye: new monoazo dye proposed as color additive in various food products; RN given refers to di-Na salt; structure [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	33258
CHEMBL ID	174821
CHEMBL ID	3188816
CHEBI ID	172687
SCHEMBL ID	340786
SCHEMBL ID	324089
MeSH ID	M0047789

Synonym
disodium;6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulonate
CHEBI:172687
food red 17
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((6-methoxy-4-sulfo-m-tolyl)azo)-, disodium salt
hsdb 7260
fd & c red no. 40
einecs 247-368-0
c. i. 16035
ccris 3493
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
curry red
allura red c.i.16035
6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalene- sulfonic acid, disodium salt
fd and c red no. 40
ci 16035
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((6-methoxy-4-sulfo-m-tolyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
allura red ac
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonate
fd&c red no. 40
allura red
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-4-sulphonato-m-tolyl)azo)naphthalene-2-sulphonate
c.i. food red 17
food red no. 40
red no. 40
allura red ac dye
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalene- sulfonate
allura red ac, dye content 80 %
25956-17-6
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo]-, disodium salt
c.i.16035
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-[(e)-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
A0943
fd and c red no.40
FT-0661496
CHEMBL174821 ,
e129
F0325
NCGC00254423-01
tox21_300393
dtxsid4024436 ,
cas-25956-17-6
dtxcid504436
wzb9127xoa ,
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-(2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl)-, sodium salt (1:2)
japan food red no. 40
japan red 40
e 129
red 40
fdc red 40
unii-wzb9127xoa
allura red 40
ec 247-368-0
fancy red
fdc red 40 dye
fd&c red no.40
allura red ac [mart.]
ci 16035 [inci]
f d & c red no. 40
f d & c red #40 lake [vandf]
ci-(1975)no.16035
allura red ac dye [hsdb]
e-129
allura red ac [mi]
fd&c red no. 40 [ii]
disodium 6-hydroxy-5-((e)-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
curry red [inci]
red 40 [inci]
6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid
ins-129
allura red [fcc]
ins no.129
f d & c red #40 [vandf]
fdc red no. 40
fd&c red 40
fd&c red no. 40 [fcc]
ci-food red 17
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-((e)-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)azo)-, disodium salt
AKOS015903081
BP-31017
AKOS025310826
SCHEMBL340786
SCHEMBL324089
CEZCCHQBSQPRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CHEMBL3188816
mfcd00059526
allura red ac, analytical standard
J-016192
al-lura red ac
sodium 6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
Q419895
ci 16035; food red 17; fancy red;
2-naphthalenesulfonic acid, 6-hydroxy-5-[2-(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfophenyl)diazenyl]-, sodium salt (1:2)
D70160
disodium;(5z)-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)hydrazinylidene]-6-oxonaphthalene-2-sulfonate
allura red ac 100 microg/ml in water
sodium (e)-6-hydroxy-5-((2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl)naphthalene-2-sulfonate
disodium;6-hydroxy-5-[(2-methoxy-5-methyl-4-sulfonatophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate
1016649-41-4
DTXSID70860355
763 - colours

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" No compound-related adverse effects were observed."	( Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity studies of FD & C red no. 40 (allura red) in mice. Borzelleca, JF; Olson, JW; Reno, FE, 1991)	0.28
" No compound-related adverse effects were observed, except for a reduction in body weight in high-dose females at the end of the study."	( Lifetime toxicity/carcinogenicity study of FD & C Red No. 40 (allura red) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Borzelleca, JF; Olson, JW; Reno, FE, 1989)	0.28

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The results showed a trend by which the rate of absorption of (14)C-glucose followed that observed in the corresponding in vitro release studies, providing the first indication that the nanostructure of these materials may provide the ability to tailor the absorption kinetics of hydrophilic drugs in vivo, and hence form the basis of a new drug delivery system."	( Nanostructure of liquid crystalline matrix determines in vitro sustained release and in vivo oral absorption kinetics for hydrophilic model drugs. Boyd, BJ; Hanley, T; Lee, KW; Nguyen, TH, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dosage effects may be sought in a variety of ways, including alternative procedures for identifying progressive dosage effects."	( Assessing laboratory evidence for neoplastic activity. Mantel, N, 1980)	0.26
" There were few adverse effects of Allura Red AC on either litter size or weight, and ratio of male to female was significantly reduced in the lowest dosed group."	( Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of Allura Red AC administered to mice in the diet. Tanaka, T, 1994)	0.29
" The values of percentage removal show that the adsorption capacity increases with time of contact and dosage of chitosan-TPP, but red dye adsorption is mainly influenced by pH level."	( Adsorption of allura red dye by cross-linked chitosan from shrimp waste. Correa-Murrieta, MA; López-Cervantes, J; Sánchez-Duarte, RG; Sánchez-Machado, DI, 2012)	0.38

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	63.2609	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	70.9799	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347398
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	15.6892	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.4537	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID743042; AID743054
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	26.7920	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224893
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.9358	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259401; AID1259403
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	34.1672	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	27.3060	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.9589	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1259385; AID1259395
Histone H2A.x	Cricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)	Potency	42.0753	0.0391	47.5451	146.8240	AID1224845; AID1224896
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	57.8067	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	27.3060	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	27.3060	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	33.0000	0.0005	3.4984	9.7600	AID157217
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase 1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	IC50 (µMol)	410.0000	1.2000	4.3000	7.4000	AID220230
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of signal transduction	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeleton organization	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of endocytosis	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of intracellular protein transport	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to unfolded protein	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor recycling	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of MAP kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
growth hormone receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein tyrosine kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of IRE1-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation involved in inactivation of protein kinase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor catabolic process	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
RNA binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
insulin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
enzyme binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
receptor tyrosine kinase binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
ephrin receptor binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein phosphatase 2A binding	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
non-membrane spanning protein tyrosine phosphatase activity	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial matrix	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytosol	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial crista	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endosome lumen	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
sorting endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic side of endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasm	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
early endosome	Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID99424	Inhibition of human Leukocyte Antigen Related(LAR) protein tyrosine phosphatase D1	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8	Evans Blue and other dyes as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors.
AID157217	Inhibition of human PTPase 1B	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8	Evans Blue and other dyes as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors.
AID220230	Inhibitory activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tyrosine phosphatase 1	2004	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-19, Volume: 14, Issue:8	Evans Blue and other dyes as protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	11 (11.70)	18.7374
1990's	7 (7.45)	18.2507
2000's	15 (15.96)	29.6817
2010's	44 (46.81)	24.3611
2020's	17 (18.09)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	2 (1.98%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	99 (98.02%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.17	1	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	3.18	4	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	1.96	1	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
hydrogen Hydrogen: The first chemical element in the periodic table with atomic symbol H, and atomic number 1. Protium (atomic weight 1) is by far the most common hydrogen isotope. Hydrogen also exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM (atomic weight 2) and the radioactive isotope TRITIUM (atomic weight 3). Hydrogen forms into a diatomic molecule at room temperature and appears as a highly flammable colorless and odorless gas.. dihydrogen : An elemental molecule consisting of two hydrogens joined by a single bond.	2.17	1	elemental hydrogen; elemental molecule; gas molecular entity	antioxidant; electron donor; food packaging gas; fuel; human metabolite
nickel Nickel: A trace element with the atomic symbol Ni, atomic number 28, and atomic weight 58.69. It is a cofactor of the enzyme UREASE.. nickel ion : A nickel atom having a net electric charge.. nickel atom : Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.	2.63	2	metal allergen; nickel group element atom	epitope; micronutrient
nitrates Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.	1.96	1	monovalent inorganic anion; nitrogen oxoanion; reactive nitrogen species
triphosphoric acid triphosphoric acid: used as water softener, peptizing agent, emulsifier & dispersing agent; ingredient of cleansers; meat preservative; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.6	1	acyclic phosphorus acid anhydride; phosphorus oxoacid
taurine [no description available]	2.17	1	amino sulfonic acid; zwitterion	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; glycine receptor agonist; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; nutrient; radical scavenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
carbamazepine Carbamazepine: A dibenzazepine that acts as a sodium channel blocker. It is used as an anticonvulsant for the treatment of grand mal and psychomotor or focal SEIZURES. It may also be used in the management of BIPOLAR DISORDER, and has analgesic properties.. carbamazepine : A dibenzoazepine that is 5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepine carrying a carbamoyl substituent at the azepine nitrogen, used as an anticonvulsant.	1.97	1	dibenzoazepine; ureas	analgesic; anticonvulsant; antimanic drug; drug allergen; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; glutamate transporter activator; mitogen; non-narcotic analgesic; sodium channel blocker; xenobiotic
cetylpyridinium Cetylpyridinium: Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.	2.49	2	pyridinium ion
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.41	2
fluorescite fluorescein (acid form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent and commonly used as a fluorescent tracer.	2.02	1	benzoic acids; cyclic ketone; hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
diethylnitrosamine Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.	2	1	nitrosamine	carcinogenic agent; hepatotoxic agent; mutagen
p-dimethylaminoazobenzene p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene: A reagent used mainly to induce experimental liver cancer. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, p. 89) published in 1985, this compound may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen. (Merck, 11th ed)	2	1	azobenzenes
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.9	2	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
trypan blue VisionBlue: A trypan blue ophthalmic solution.	2.02	1
quinophthalone quinophthalone: found in hair preparations; causes contact dermatitis. quinoline yellow : A quinoline derivative with a 1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl substituent at C-2.	2.05	1	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone; quinolines	dye
xanthenes Xanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with an OXYGEN in the center ring.	2.05	1	xanthene
cresidine cresidine: structure	1.97	1	methoxybenzenes
sulfan blue sulfan blue: widely used to visualize lymph vessels for lymphography; structure	2.11	1	organic molecular entity
pamoic acid pamoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.02	1	dicarboxylic acid
evans blue Evans Blue: An azo dye used in blood volume and cardiac output measurement by the dye dilution method. It is very soluble, strongly bound to plasma albumin, and disappears very slowly.. Evans blue : An organic sodium salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 6,6'-{(3,3'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[diazene-2,1-diyl]}bis(4-amino-5-hydroxynaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate). It is sometimes used as a counterstain, especially in fluorescent methods to suppress background autofluorescence.	2.44	2	organic sodium salt	fluorochrome; histological dye; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
gentian violet Gentian Violet: A dye that is a mixture of violet rosanilinis with antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties.. crystal violet : An organic chloride salt that is the monochloride salt of crystal violet cation. It has been used in creams for the topical treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, being effective against some Gram-positive bacteria (notably Staphylococcus species) and some pathogenic fungi (including Candida species) but use declined following reports of animal carcinogenicity. It has also been used for dying wood, silk, and paper, as well as a histological stain.	2.21	1	organic chloride salt	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial agent; antifungal agent; antiseptic drug; histological dye
congo red Congo Red: An acid dye used in testing for hydrochloric acid in gastric contents. It is also used histologically to test for AMYLOIDOSIS.. Congo Red : An indicator dye that is blue-violet at pH 3.0 and red at pH 5.0.	2.17	1	bis(azo) compound
c.i. 42510 Rosaniline Dyes: Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.. basic fuchsin : A four-component mixture of chemically related dyes comprising pararosanilin, rosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin in varying amounts. rosanilin : A hydrochloride that is the monohydrochloride of 4-[(4-aminophenyl)(4-iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methyl]-2-methylaniline. One of the major constituents of Basic fuchsin, together with pararosanilin, magenta II and new fuchsin.	2.11	1
amaranth dye Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.28	6
carmine Carmine: Coloring matter from the insect Coccus cacti L. It is used in foods, pharmaceuticals, toiletries, etc., as a dye, and also has use as a microscopic stain and biological marker.	2.48	2
molybdenum disulfide [no description available]	2.31	1	sulfide salt
cupric sulfide copper(II) sulfide : A copper sulfide in which the metal is in the +2 oxidation state.	2.17	1
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.05	1	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
tetrachloroisophthalonitrile tetrachloroisophthalonitrile: structure. chlorothalonil : A dinitrile that is benzene-1,3-dicarbonitrile substituted by four chloro groups. A non-systemic fungicide first introduced in the 1960s, it is used to control a range of diseases in a wide variety of crops.	2.21	1	aromatic fungicide; dinitrile; tetrachlorobenzene	antifungal agrochemical
orange g orange G : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 7-hydroxy-8-[(E)-phenyldiazenyl]naphthalene-1,3-disulfonic acid. It is often combined with other yellow dyes in alcoholic solution to stain erythrocytes in trichrome methods, and is used for demonstrating cells in the pancreas and pituitary.	2.6	1
brilliant black 1 [no description available]	2.21	1
ponceau 4r ponceau 4R: structure in first source	3.75	10
sudan red [no description available]	2.21	1
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.05	1	fluorescein isothiocyanate
ponceau 3r ponceau 3R: structure	2.21	1
azo rubin s azo rubin S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	2.76	3
Brilliant Blue brilliant blue: coal tar derivative food dye; used as the di-NH4 or di-Na salts; RN given refers to parent cpd	3.45	7	organic molecular entity
manganese Manganese: A trace element with atomic symbol Mn, atomic number 25, and atomic weight 54.94. It is concentrated in cell mitochondria, mostly in the pituitary gland, liver, pancreas, kidney, and bone, influences the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, stimulates hepatic synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids, and is a cofactor in many enzymes, including arginase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1992, p2035). manganese(4+) : A manganese cation that is monoatomic and has a formal charge of +4.	2.17	1	elemental manganese; manganese group element atom	Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.31	1	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.17	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	2.04	1	titanium group element atom
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.17	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
aluminum chloride Aluminum Chloride: A compound with the chemical formula AlCl3; the anhydrous salt is used as a catalyst in organic chemical synthesis, and hydrated salts are used topically as antiperspirants, and for the management of HYPERHYDROSIS.	1.96	1	aluminium coordination entity	Lewis acid
aluminum sulfate aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) : An aluminium sulfate that contains no water of crystallisation.	1.96	1	aluminium sulfate
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	2.04	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
lissamine rhodamine b lissamine rhodamine B: RN given refers to parent cpd; Lissamine Rhodamine B refers to Na salt	2.7	3
fenton's reagent Fenton's reagent: used for oxidizing sugars & alcohols	2.11	1
tartrazine Tartrazine: An anionic, hydrophilic azo dye with an orange-yellow color used in fabrics, foods and cosmetics, and as a biological stain.. tartrazine : An organic sodium salt which is the trisodium salt of tartrazine acid. A synthetic lemon yellow azo dye used as a food colouring.	4.08	14
ferrioxalate ferrioxalate: RN given refers to parent cpd	2.05	1
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.05	1
shikonin shikonin: a naphthazarin; has antineoplastic and angiogenesis inhibiting activities	2.02	1	hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	3.12	5
3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-1,2,3-hexadecanetriol: structure in first source. phytantriol : A triol that consists of 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane bearing three hydroxy substituents at positions 1, 2 and 3.	2.05	1	triol
nitenpyram nitenpyram: a nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide; structure in first source. (E)-nitenpyram : A nitenpyram in which the double bond has E configuration.. nitenpyram : A C-nitro compound consisting of 2-nitroethene-1,1-diamine where one of the nitrogens bears ethyl and (6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl while the other nitrogen carries a methyl group.	2.21	1	chloropyridyl insecticide; nitenpyram
ovalbumin Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.	2.6	1
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.17	1	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
alizarin red s Alizarin Red S: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. alizarin red S : An organic sodium salt having 3,4-dihydroxy-9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-sulfonate as the counterion. It is commonly used to stain embryo skeletons in cleared whole mounts, usually of small mammals.	2.02	1	organic sodium salt; organosulfonate salt	histological dye
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	2.17	1	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
1-monooleoyl-rac-glycerol Peceol: lipid excipient containing readily dispersible mixture of mono- & diglycerides of oleic acid. 1-oleoylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride where the acyl group is oleoyl.. monooleoylglycerol : A monoglyceride in which the acyl group is oleoyl with the position of acylation unspecified.	2.05	1	1-acylglycerol 18:1; monooleoylglycerol	plant metabolite
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	2.42	2	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
boron Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.	2.17	1	boron group element atom; metalloid atom; nonmetal atom	micronutrient
oxalates Oxalates: Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	2.05	1
erythrosine Erythrosine: A tetraiodofluorescein used as a red coloring in some foods (cherries, fish), as a disclosure of DENTAL PLAQUE, and as a stain of some cell types. It has structural similarity to THYROXINE.. erythrosin B : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of 2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-6-oxido-3-oxo-8a,10a-dihydroxanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid.	3.14	5
cellulose DEAE-Cellulose: Cellulose derivative used in chromatography, as ion-exchange material, and for various industrial applications.	2.41	1	glycoside
chitosan [no description available]	3.84	9
methyl orange methyl orange: indictor of pH with strong acids & bases; also used as reagent to form ion pairs with, and thereby isolate, certain compounds from biological material; minor descriptor (75-86); on-line & INDEX MEDICUS search AZO COMPOUNDS (75-86); file maintained to Azo cpds	2.02	1
muramidase Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.	2.61	2
prodigiosin Prodigiosin: 4-Methoxy-5-((5-methyl-4-pentyl-2H-pyrrol-2-ylidene)methyl)- 2,2'-bi-1H-pyrrole. A toxic, bright red tripyrrole pigment from Serratia marcescens and others. It has antibacterial, anticoccidial, antimalarial, and antifungal activities, but is used mainly as a biochemical tool.. prodigiosin : A member of the class of tripyrroles that is a red-coloured pigment with antibiotic properties produced by Serratia marcescens.	2.08	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.41	1
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	2.17	1
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	2.17	1
ADDH [description not available]	2.48	2
Allergy, Food [description not available]	2.11	1
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)	2.48	2
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	2.11	1
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.4	2
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.88	4
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	3.23	6
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	1.96	1
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	1.96	1
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	2.37	2
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	2.37	2
Birth Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	1.98	1
Allergic Cutaneous Angiitis [description not available]	1.98	1
Acid Aspiration Syndrome [description not available]	1.98	1
Pneumonia, Aspiration A type of lung inflammation resulting from the aspiration of food, liquid, or gastric contents into the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.	1.98	1
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	1.97	1
Absence Seizure [description not available]	1.97	1
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	1.97	1
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	1.97	1
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	1.97	1

allura red ac dye

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