Compounds > neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
Page last updated: 2024-12-06

neohesperidin dihydrochalcone

Description

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a synthetic compound derived from the natural flavonoid naringin, found in citrus fruits. It is produced by a chemical reaction involving the hydrogenation of the double bond in the chalcone moiety of naringin. NHDC is a potent sweetener with approximately 1500-1800 times the sweetness of sucrose, making it a popular sugar substitute. It is also used in food and beverage industries for its sweetening properties. Research on NHDC has shown that it possesses various beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. It has been suggested to have potential applications in treating obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Studies have focused on its mechanisms of action, including its effects on glucose metabolism, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress. NHDC is widely studied due to its low-calorie nature, potential health benefits, and applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. It is a promising candidate for natural sweetener development and has gained significant attention for its potential to improve human health and well-being.'

neohesperidin dihydrochalcone : A member of the dihydrochalcones that is 3,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone attached to a neohesperidosyl residue at position 4' via glycosidic linkage. It is found in sweet orange. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID30231
CHEMBL ID1159645
CHEBI ID83535
SCHEMBL ID909958
MeSH IDM0061501

Synonyms (82)

Synonym
1-[4-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)propan-1-one
20702-77-6
1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
neohesperidine dihydrochalcone
neosperidin dihydrochalcone
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone
NCGC00091109-01
1-propanone, 1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-me
einecs 243-978-6
glucopyranoside, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl)phenyl 2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-, beta-d-
1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-
neohesperidin dc
ccris 4848
nhdc
neohesperidin dhc
nci-c60764
glucopyranoside, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl)phenyl-2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-, beta-d-
3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl)phenyl) 2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, >=96%, fg
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, >=95% (hplc)
neohesperidine dc
inchi=1/c28h36o15/c1-11-21(34)23(36)25(38)27(40-11)43-26-24(37)22(35)19(10-29)42-28(26)41-13-8-16(32)20(17(33)9-13)14(30)5-3-12-4-6-18(39-2)15(31)7-12/h4,6-9,11,19,21-29,31-38h,3,5,10h2,1-2h3/t11-,19+,21-,22+,23+,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+/m0/s1
itvgxxminpyuhd-cuvhlrmhsa-
1-[4-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5
N0675
chebi:83535 ,
CHEMBL1159645
1-[4-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
NCGC00091109-02
tox21_200303
dtxsid3025706 ,
cas-20702-77-6
NCGC00257857-01
dtxcid305706
A814825
1-[4-[(2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-tetrahydropyran-3-yl]oxy-2,6-dihydroxy-phenyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)propan-1-one
1-propanone, 1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-
unii-3x476d83qv
3x476d83qv ,
glucopyranoside, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl)phenyl 2-o-.alpha.-l-rhamnopyranosyl-
1-propanone, 1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-.beta.-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-
glucopyranoside, 3,5-dihydroxy-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyhydrocinnamoyl)phenyl 2-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-, .beta.-d-
fema no. 3811
neohesperidin-dihydrochalcone [ep monograph]
neohesperidin dihydrochalone
neohesperidin-dihydrochalcone
neohesperidine dihydrochalcone [fcc]
neohesperidin dihydrochalone [fhfi]
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone [inci]
1-(4-((2-o-(6-deoxy-.alpha.-l-mannopyranosyl)-.beta.-d-dihydrochalcone glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone [mi]
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone [usp-rs]
hesperetin dihydrochalcone-4'-.beta.-neohesperidoside
neohesperidine dihydrochalcone [usp-rs]
citrosa
AKOS015895239
1-(4-((2-o-[6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl]-beta-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-propanone
S2331
3,5-dihydroxy-4-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propanoyl]phenyl 2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside
ITVGXXMINPYUHD-CUVHLRMHSA-N
SCHEMBL909958
Q-201457
neohesperidine
AC-34860
neosperidin-dihydrochalcone
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, analytical standard
HY-N0154
sr-01000883756
SR-01000883756-1
CS-6419
1-(4-(((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(((2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
neohesperidindihydrochalcone
neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
NCGC00091109-04
1-propanone, 1-[4-[[2-o-(6-deoxy-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy]-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-
Q424595
1-(4-((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-((2s,3r,4r,5r,6s)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyltetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one
AS-15190
BRD-K61032563-001-02-9
HMS3884H13
CCG-270237

Research Excerpts

Overview

Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a sweetener, which interacts with the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the T1R3 subunit of the human sweet taste receptor. It has unique properties and applications for the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and animal feed industries.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a sweetener, which interacts with the transmembrane domain (TMD) of the T1R3 subunit of the human sweet taste receptor. "( Modeling the structure of the transmembrane domain of T1R3, a subunit of the sweet taste receptor, with neohesperidin dihydrochalcone using molecular dynamics simulation.
Hirokawa, T; Kobayashi, T; Matsuya, T; Misaka, T; Nakagita, T; Narukawa, M, 2023)		2.57
"Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is a seminatural, safe, low-calorie sweetener, bitterness blocker, and flavor enhancer with unique properties and applications for the food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and animal feed industries. "( Metabolic engineering of plant cells for biotransformation of hesperedin into neohesperidin, a substrate for production of the low-calorie sweetener and flavor enhancer NHDC.
Bar-Peled, M; Eyal, Y; Fluhr, R; Frydman, A; Gressel, J; Huhman, DV; Lewinsohn, E; Sumner, LW; Weisshaus, O, 2005)		1.77
"Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) is an intensive sweetener, obtained by alkaline hydrogenation of neohesperidin. "( Neohesperidin dihydrochalcone is not a taste enhancer in aqueous sucrose solutions.
Kroeze, JH, 2000)		3.19

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This developed method is successfully used in the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study of NHDC in rats."( Application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue distribution of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats.
Jianshe, M; Pan, Y; Shi, S; Wang, X; Xiang, Z; Zheng, X, 2014)		0.6

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" This study was aimed at developing a high sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC) in rat plasma and tissues for pharmacokinetic, bioavailability and tissue distribution studies."( Application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and tissue distribution of neohesperidin dihydrochalcone in rats.
Jianshe, M; Pan, Y; Shi, S; Wang, X; Xiang, Z; Zheng, X, 2014)		0.81
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Product(s))

Product Categories

Product CategoryProducts
Beauty & Personal Care1

Products

ProductBrandCategoryCompounds Matched from IngredientsDate Retrieved
Eco-dent DailyCare Toothpowder Lemon Lime -- 2 ozEco-dentBeauty & Personal CareCitric Acid, Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate, Citric Acid, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Carbonate, Neohesperidin Dihydrochalcone, Sodium Bicarbonate2024-11-29 10:47:42

Roles (4)

RoleDescription
environmental contaminantAny minor or unwanted substance introduced into the environment that can have undesired effects.
xenobioticA xenobiotic (Greek, xenos "foreign"; bios "life") is a compound that is foreign to a living organism. Principal xenobiotics include: drugs, carcinogens and various compounds that have been introduced into the environment by artificial means.
plant metaboliteAny eukaryotic metabolite produced during a metabolic reaction in plants, the kingdom that include flowering plants, conifers and other gymnosperms.
sweetening agentSubstance that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (3)

ClassDescription
neohesperidosideA glycoside containing alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue as the sugar unit.
disaccharide derivativeA carbohydrate derivative that is formally obtained from a disaccharide.
dihydrochalconesAny ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, CruzipainTrypanosoma cruziPotency39.81070.002014.677939.8107AID1476
LuciferasePhotinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)Potency79.90070.007215.758889.3584AID1224835
RAR-related orphan receptor gammaMus musculus (house mouse)Potency0.97180.006038.004119,952.5996AID1159521
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1Homo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.011212.4002100.0000AID1030
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1Homo sapiens (human)Potency63.90370.003041.611522,387.1992AID1159552; AID1159555
retinoid X nuclear receptor alphaHomo sapiens (human)Potency24.61330.000817.505159.3239AID1159527
Histone H2A.xCricetulus griseus (Chinese hamster)Potency80.24470.039147.5451146.8240AID1224845
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (14)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID977602Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID90088Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against compound potency calculated on a molar basis. 1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID90264Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against other properties.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID90226Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against compound potency calculated on weight basis.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID977599Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM2013Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6
Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID90266Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against property of sweetness.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID90265Sensory evaluation was done at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against property of bitterness.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID89764Sensory evaluation was done for sweetness at a concentration of 250 p.p.m. against sample intensity relative to 10% sucrose.1985Journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan, Volume: 28, Issue:1
Diterpenoid sweeteners. Synthesis and sensory evaluation of stevioside analogues with improved organoleptic properties.
AID1159550Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening2015Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19907 (14.58)18.7374
1990's4 (8.33)18.2507
2000's12 (25.00)29.6817
2010's15 (31.25)24.3611
2020's10 (20.83)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 41.88

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index41.88 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.93 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.84 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index63.67 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.15 (0.95)

This Compound (41.88)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews3 (6.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other47 (94.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
lactic acid
Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.		2.1102-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite
melatonin
[no description available]		2.0110acetamides;
tryptamines		anticonvulsant;
central nervous system depressant;
geroprotector;
hormone;
human metabolite;
immunological adjuvant;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger
urea
pseudourea: clinical use; structure. isourea : A carboximidic acid that is the imidic acid tautomer of urea, H2NC(=NH)OH, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives.		1.9710isourea;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
one-carbon compound		Daphnia magna metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fertilizer;
flour treatment agent;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
caffeine
[no description available]		710purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic
saccharin
Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.. saccharin : A 1,2-benzisothiazole having a keto-group at the 3-position and two oxo substituents at the 1-position. It is used as an artificial sweetening agent.		4.6801,2-benzisothiazole;
N-sulfonylcarboxamide		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
carbon tetrachloride
Carbon Tetrachloride: A solvent for oils, fats, lacquers, varnishes, rubber waxes, and resins, and a starting material in the manufacturing of organic compounds. Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or skin absorption is possible and may be fatal. (Merck Index, 11th ed). tetrachloromethane : A chlorocarbon that is methane in which all the hydrogens have been replaced by chloro groups.		7.5120chlorocarbon;
chloromethanes		hepatotoxic agent;
refrigerant
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.8940glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
lactose
Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.. lactose : A glycosylglucose disaccharide, found most notably in milk, that consists of D-galactose and D-glucose fragments bonded through a beta-1->4 glycosidic linkage. The glucose fragment can be in either the alpha- or beta-pyranose form, whereas the galactose fragment can only have the beta-pyranose form.. beta-lactose : The beta-anomer of lactose.		2.110lactose
tryptophan
Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.		2.0110erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid;
tryptophan zwitterion;
tryptophan		antidepressant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
xylitol
xylooligosaccharide: structure in first source. pentitol : An alditol obtained by reduction of any pentose.. xylooligosaccharide : An oligosaccharide comprised of xylose residues.		3.4620
cyclamic acid
Cyclamates: Salts and esters of cyclamic acid.. cyclohexylsulfamic acid : A member of the class of sulfamic acids that is sulfamic acid carrying an N-cyclohexyl substituent.		3.7930sulfamic acidsenvironmental contaminant;
human xenobiotic metabolite
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		6.684103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		3.0510enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
paraquat
Paraquat: A poisonous dipyridilium compound used as contact herbicide. Contact with concentrated solutions causes irritation of the skin, cracking and shedding of the nails, and delayed healing of cuts and wounds.. paraquat : An organic cation that consists of 4,4'-bipyridine bearing two N-methyl substituents loctated at the 1- and 1'-positions.		7.1110organic cationgeroprotector;
herbicide
mannose
mannopyranose : The pyranose form of mannose.		1.9510D-aldohexose;
D-mannose;
mannopyranose		metabolite
hypochlorous acid
Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.. hypochlorous acid : A chlorine oxoacid with formula HOCl; a weak, unstable acid, it is the active form of chlorine in water.		7.0310chlorine oxoacid;
reactive oxygen species		EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
human metabolite
acetosulfame
acetosulfame: RN given refers to parent cpd. acesulfame : A sulfamate ester that is 1,2,3-oxathiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide substituted by a methyl group at position 6.		3.7830organic heteromonocyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle;
sulfamate ester		environmental contaminant;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
hesperetin
[no description available]		2.41103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
methyl mannoside, (alpha-d)-isomer
methylmannoside: RN given refers to (D)-isomer; see also record for 3-O-methylmannose. methyl alpha-D-mannoside : A methyl mannoside having alpha-configuration at the anomeric centre.		1.9510alpha-D-mannoside;
methyl mannoside
aspartame
[no description available]		3.7730carboxylic acid;
dipeptide zwitterion;
dipeptide;
methyl ester		apoptosis inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
sweetening agent;
xenobiotic
stevioside
stevioside: Kaurene glucoside from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana; 300 times as sweet as sugar. stevioside : A diterpene glycoside that is rubusoside in which the hydroxy group at position 2 of the allylic beta-D-glucoside has been converted to the corresponding beta-D-glucoside. It is a natural herbal sweetener that is 250-300 times sweeter than sucrose (though with a bitter aftertaste), extracted from the Stevia rebaudiana plant native to South America.. diterpene glycoside : A terpene glycoside in which the terpene moiety is a diterpenoid.		1.9610beta-D-glucoside;
bridged compound;
diterpene glycoside;
ent-kaurane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
hypoglycemic agent;
plant metabolite;
sweetening agent
naringin
[no description available]		2.2510(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
betadex
beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.		2.0210cyclodextrin
glycosides
[no description available]		2.420
chalcone
trans-chalcone : The trans-isomer of chalcone.		5.99210chalconeEC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-amylase) inhibitor
propylthiouracil
Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534). 6-propyl-2-thiouracil : A pyrimidinethione consisting of uracil in which the 2-oxo group is substituted by a thio group and the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a propyl group.		710pyrimidinethioneantidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antimetabolite;
antioxidant;
antithyroid drug;
carcinogenic agent;
EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor;
hormone antagonist
D-fructopyranose
[no description available]		2.1110cyclic hemiketal;
D-fructose;
fructopyranose		sweetening agent
cyclo(l-leucyl-l-tryptophyl)
cyclo(L-leucyl-L-tryptophyl): structure in first source		2.0110
quercetin
[no description available]		1.96107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
bilirubin
[no description available]		1.9710biladienes;
dicarboxylic acid		antioxidant;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		1.9610disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		1.96107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
lactisole
lactisole: structure in first source		3.0240
glycolipids
[no description available]		2.4110
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.4110
oxyntomodulin
Glucagon-Like Peptides: Peptides derived from proglucagon which is also the precursor of pancreatic GLUCAGON. Despite expression of proglucagon in multiple tissues, the major production site of glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) is the INTESTINAL L CELLS. GLPs include glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon-like peptide 2, and the various truncated forms.		2.0510
neohesperidin
[no description available]		8.0130
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Benign Neoplasms
[description not available]		03.0310
Neoplasms
New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.		03.0310
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		02.8930
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Diseases, Metabolic
[description not available]		02.4110
Metabolic Diseases
Generic term for diseases caused by an abnormal metabolic process. It can be congenital due to inherited enzyme abnormality (METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS) or acquired due to disease of an endocrine organ or failure of a metabolically important organ such as the liver. (Stedman, 26th ed)		02.4110
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.4110
Heatstroke
[description not available]		02.4110
Occupational Injuries
Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.		02.4110
Job Stress
[description not available]		02.4110
Alveolitis, Fibrosing
[description not available]		02.4110
Sinus Infections
[description not available]		02.4110
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		02.4110
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.4110
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.4110
Hyperplasia
An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.		02.4110
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.		02.4110
Sinusitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA in one or more of the PARANASAL SINUSES.		02.4110
Heat Stroke
A condition caused by the failure of body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment or during PHYSICAL EXERTION in a hot environment. Contrast to HEAT EXHAUSTION, the body temperature in heat stroke patient is dangerously high with red, hot skin accompanied by DELUSIONS; CONVULSIONS; or COMA. It can be a life-threatening emergency and is most common in infants and the elderly.		02.4110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.1710
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.1710
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.830
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.830
Acute Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		02.1110
Liver Failure, Acute
A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.		02.1110
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0210
Cacosmia
[description not available]		01.9610
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially
Absence of teeth from a portion of the mandible and/or maxilla.		02.8710
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		0210
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		01.9710
chemdatabank.com