Compounds > panaxynol
Page last updated: 2024-12-11

panaxynol

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID5469789
CHEMBL ID368712
CHEBI ID81095
SCHEMBL ID40768
MeSH IDM0070178

Synonyms (23)

Synonym
nsc692928
nsc-692928
falcarinol ,
panaxynol
(3s,9z)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol
81203-57-8
(+)-falcarinol
(3s,9z)-1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol
C17447
chebi:81095 ,
(3s)-falcarinol
CHEMBL368712
1,9-heptadecadiene-4,6-diyn-3-ol, (3s,9z)-
SCHEMBL40768
(s,z)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyn-3-ol
UGJAEDFOKNAMQD-MQNTZWLQSA-N
Q27155051
(s)-falcarinol
CS-0032773
HY-N6241
DTXSID101317380
AKOS040760616
FS-8091

Research Excerpts

Overview

Panaxynol (PNN) is a common natural minor component in Umbelliferae plants. It is a polyacetylene compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet-aggregatory effects isolated from commonly used oriental medicines.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Panaxynol (PNN) is a common natural minor component in Umbelliferae plants. "( Panaxynol ameliorates cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing NLRP3-induced pyroptosis and apoptosis via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis.
Ding, HS; Huang, Y; Huang, ZY; Liu, XX; Qu, JF; Wang, FY; Wang, YJ; Yi, WJ, 2023)		3.8
"Panaxynol is a polyacetylene compound isolated from commonly used oriental medicines, and its effects on various cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases were investigated. "( Panaxynol, a polyacetylene compound isolated from oriental medicines, inhibits mammalian lipoxygenases.
Alanko, J; Baba, K; Kurahashi, Y; Yamamoto, S; Yoshimoto, T, 1994)		3.17
"Panaxynol is a polyacetylene compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet-aggregatory effects isolated from commonly used oriental medicines. "( Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in rabbit gastric antral mucosa by panaxynol isolated from oriental medicines.
Baba, K; Fujimoto, Y; Fujita, T; Komatsu, S; Nishida, H; Sakuma, S; Sato, D; Xiao, YQ, 1998)		1.96

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Amyloid beta protein (Abeta), the central constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD), is known to exert toxic effects on cultured neurons."( Panaxydol and panaxynol protect cultured cortical neurons against Abeta25-35-induced toxicity.
Cai, JX; Fu, SL; Hang, Q; Jiang, XY; Lin, L; Lu, PL; Lu, Y; Nie, BM; Yang, LM, 2008)		0.71

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The high selectivity together with a cytotoxic concentration in the range of the bioavailability makes panaxynol and other polyacetylenes in general very promising lead compounds for the treatment of African trypanosomiasis."( Antitrypanosomal properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer: new possibilities for a remarkable traditional drug.
Herrmann, F; Sporer, F; Tahrani, A; Wink, M, 2013)		0.6
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
long-chain fatty alcoholA fatty alcohol with a chain length ranging from C13 to C22.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Bioassays (51)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID354765Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 7.03 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354768Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 0.88 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355389Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa K799 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354785Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 0.88 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354760Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 225 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354786Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 3.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354764Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 14.06 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID333962Antimycobacterial activity against isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium avium at 100 ug/disk by disk diffusion assay1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354796Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 0.59 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354798Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 3.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354787Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 2.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354771Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 1.33 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354797Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 0.17 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354779Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 56.25 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354794Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 1.76 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354777Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 225 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355388Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli UB1005 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354769Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 3.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354770Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 2.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354790Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 0.39 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID106698Inhibitory activity in MTT assay against MK-I cell1998Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jan-06, Volume: 8, Issue:1
Novel antiproliferative falcarindiol furanocoumarin ethers from the root of Angelica japonica.
AID354783Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 3.51 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID335404Toxicity in Artemia salina after 24 hrs1993Journal of natural products, Sep, Volume: 56, Issue:9
Bioactive metabolites from Sicilian marine fennel, Crithmum maritimum.
AID354759Cytotoxicity against human NCI60 cells1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354767Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 1.76 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355387Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli DC2 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID355393Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis UBC221 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354773Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 0.39 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354791Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 0.17 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354784Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 1.76 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354774Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 0.17 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355390Antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Z61 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID355395Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 100 ug/disk by disk diffusion assay1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354761Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 112.5 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354780Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 28.12 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355394Antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans UBC54 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354788Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 1.33 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354772Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 0.59 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354781Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 14.06 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355391Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SAP00017 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354799Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 2.0 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID333963Antimycobacterial activity against isoniazid-resistant Mycobacterium avium at 20 ug/disk by disk diffusion assay1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354789Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 0.59 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354762Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 56.25 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID333960Antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis at 20 ug/disk by disk diffusion assay1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354782Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 7.03 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID355392Antimicrobial activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 by twofold serial microbroth dilution method1997Journal of natural products, Nov, Volume: 60, Issue:11
Antimycobacterial polyynes of Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), a North American native medicinal plant.
AID354763Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 28.12 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354795Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as increase in life span at 0.88 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354766Antitumor activity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse at 3.51 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
AID354778Toxicity against human LOX cells xenografted athymic nude mouse assessed as median day of death at 112.5 mg/kg, ip administered daily for 5 days1996Journal of natural products, Aug, Volume: 59, Issue:8
Cytotoxic falcarinol oxylipins from Dendropanax arboreus.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (86)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199010 (11.63)18.7374
1990's15 (17.44)18.2507
2000's16 (18.60)29.6817
2010's33 (38.37)24.3611
2020's12 (13.95)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 26.11

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index26.11 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index4.82 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index31.58 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (26.11)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials1 (1.14%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.27%)6.00%
Case Studies8 (9.09%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other77 (87.50%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.0110trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
histamine
[no description available]		2.0510aralkylamino compound;
imidazoles		human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neurotransmitter
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		1.9810aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
isoniazid
Hydra: A genus of freshwater polyps in the family Hydridae, order Hydroida, class HYDROZOA. They are of special interest because of their complex organization and because their adult organization corresponds roughly to the gastrula of higher animals.. hydrazide : Compounds derived from oxoacids RkE(=O)l(OH)m (l =/= 0) by replacing -OH by -NRNR2 (R groups are commonly H). (IUPAC).		1.9910carbohydrazideantitubercular agent;
drug allergen
molsidomine
Molsidomine: A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.. molsidomine : A member of the class of oxadiazoles that is 1,2,3-oxadiazole substituted by morpholin-4-yl and (ethoxycarbonyl)azanidyl groups at positions 3 and 5, respectively. It is used as a vasodilator drug for the treatment of myocardial ischemic syndrome and congestive heart failure.		1.9810ethyl ester;
morpholines;
oxadiazole;
zwitterion		antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
nitric oxide donor;
vasodilator agent
sulforaphane
sulforaphane: from Cardaria draba L.. sulforaphane : An isothiocyanate having a 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl group attached to the nitrogen.		2.2510isothiocyanate;
sulfoxide		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
sucrose
Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.		2.0710glycosyl glycosidealgal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
osmolyte;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
sweetening agent
methicillin
Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.		1.9910penicillin allergen;
penicillin		antibacterial drug
acetylene
[no description available]		2.6630alkyne;
gas molecular entity;
terminal acetylenic compound
methylene chloride
Methylene Chloride: A chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been used as an inhalation anesthetic and acts as a narcotic in high concentrations. Its primary use is as a solvent in manufacturing and food technology.. dichloromethane : A member of the class of chloromethanes that is methane in which two of the hydrogens have been replaced by chlorine. A dense, non-flammible colourless liquid at room temperature (b.p. 40degreeC, d = 1.33) which is immiscible with water, it is widely used as a solvent, a paint stripper, and for the removal of caffeine from coffee and tea.		2.0410chloromethanes;
volatile organic compound		carcinogenic agent;
polar aprotic solvent;
refrigerant
thiazoles
[no description available]		2.04101,3-thiazoles;
mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent;
monocyclic heteroarene
imperatorin
imperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist; furanocoumarin from West African medicinal plant Clausena anisata; structure in Negwer, 5th ed, #3005. imperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 8. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.4110psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
3-hydroxyflavone
3-hydroxyflavone: structure given in first source. flavonol : A monohydroxyflavone that is the 3-hydroxy derivative of flavone.		2.0510flavonols;
monohydroxyflavone
betamethasone valerate
Betamethasone Valerate: The 17-valerate derivative of BETAMETHASONE. It has substantial topical anti-inflammatory activity and relatively low systemic anti-inflammatory activity.. betamethasone valerate : A steroid ester that is betamethasone in which the hydroxy group at the 17alpha position has been converted to the corresponding pentanoate ester.		2.011011beta-hydroxy steroid;
20-oxo steroid;
21-hydroxy steroid;
3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid;
fluorinated steroid;
primary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
steroid ester		anti-inflammatory drug
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		2.2510D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
galactose
aldohexose : A hexose with a (potential) aldehyde group at one end.		2.0710
azoxymethane
Azoxymethane: A potent carcinogen and neurotoxic compound. It is particularly effective in inducing colon carcinomas.		2.830
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.0110D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
thiazolyl blue
thiazolyl blue: RN & II refers to bromide. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide : The bromide salt of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium.		2.0410organic bromide saltcolorimetric reagent;
dye
isoimperatorin
isoimperatorin: tumor necrosis factor antagonist isolated from Glehniae root. isoimperatorin : A member of the class of psoralens that is psoralen substituted by a prenyloxy group at position 5. Isolated from Angelica dahurica and Angelica koreana, it acts as a acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.		2.1310psoralensEC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
metabolite
isocoumarins
Isocoumarins: Compounds that differ from COUMARINS in having the positions of the ring and ketone oxygens reversed so the keto oxygen is at the 1-position of the molecule.. isocoumarin : The simplest member of the class of isocoumarins that is 1H-isochromene which is substituted by an oxo group at position 1.		2.0110isocoumarins
6-methoxy-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin
6-methoxy-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin: structure given in first source; a phytoalexin isolated from Daucus carota		2.0110isochromanes
panaxytriol
panaxytriol: from panax ginseng		2.6830
phellopterin
phellopterin: a naturally occurring furanocoumarin found in roots of Angelica dahurica; structure in first source		2.0510psoralens
ectoine
[no description available]		2.13101,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines;
carboxamidine;
monocarboxylic acid;
zwitterion		osmolyte
panaxydol
[no description available]		5.3121acetylenic compound;
epoxide;
olefinic compound
columbianetin
columbianetin: RN given for cpd without isomeric designation. columbianetin : The angular furanocoumarin analogue of the linear furanocoumarin marmesin.		2.1310furanocoumarin;
tertiary alcohol
angiotensin ii
Giapreza: injectable form of angiotensin II used to increase blood pressure in adult patients with septic or other distributive shock. Ile(5)-angiotensin II : An angiotensin II that acts on the central nervous system (PDB entry: 1N9V).		710amino acid zwitterion;
angiotensin II		human metabolite
lignin
Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). lignin : A polyphenylpropanoid derived from three monolignol monomers: trans-p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferol and trans-sinapyl alcohol. There is extensive cross-linking and no defined primary structure.		2.0610
decursin
decursin: activates protein kinase C; isolated from the root of Angelica gigas; RN given for (S)-isomer; structure in first source		2.4110coumarins
eugeniin
eugeniin: structure in first source. eugeniin : An ellagitannin isolated from the dried flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata. It exhibits alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity and antiviral activity against acyclovir and phosphonoacetic acid (PAA)-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) as well as the wild-type HSV-1.		2.0110beta-D-glucoside;
ellagitannin;
gallate ester;
lactone		anti-HSV-1 agent;
antifungal agent;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
metabolite
pectins
Pectins: High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.. alpha-D-galacturonic acid : The alpha-anomer of D-galacturonic acid.		2.0610D-galactopyranuronic acid
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.9140
dinoprostone
prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.		2.610prostaglandins Ehuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
oxytocic
linoleic acid
Linoleic Acid: A doubly unsaturated fatty acid, occurring widely in plant glycosides. It is an essential fatty acid in mammalian nutrition and is used in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and cell membranes. (From Stedman, 26th ed). linoleic acid : An octadecadienoic acid in which the two double bonds are at positions 9 and 12 and have Z (cis) stereochemistry.		2.420octadecadienoic acid;
omega-6 fatty acid		algal metabolite;
Daphnia galeata metabolite;
plant metabolite
thromboxane a2
Thromboxane A2: An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS).. thromboxane A2 : A thromboxane which is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.		1.9810epoxy monocarboxylic acid;
thromboxanes A		mouse metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.03107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
thromboxane b2
Thromboxane B2: A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin).. thromboxane B2 : A member of the class of thromboxanes B that is (5Z,13E)-thromboxa-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15.		1.9710thromboxanes Bhuman metabolite;
mouse metabolite
tiliroside
tiliroside: isolated from seeds of Eremocarpus setigerus		2.0610cinnamate ester;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
cysteine
Cysteine: A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.. L-cysteinium : The L-enantiomer of cysteinium.. cysteine : A sulfur-containing amino acid that is propanoic acid with an amino group at position 2 and a sulfanyl group at position 3.		2.1110cysteiniumfundamental metabolite
crepenynic acid
crepenynic acid: oxidized form of linoleic acid; precursor to C14 and pentaynene acetylenes in COMPOSITAE; potential inhibitor of essential fatty acid metabolism; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.1710long-chain fatty acid anion;
straight-chain fatty acid anion;
unsaturated fatty acid anion
falcarindiol
falcarindiol: from leaves of Schefflera digitata (Araliaceae) and in carrots; inhibits germination of spores of most common dermatophyte fungi		9.37190organic molecular entitymetabolite
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.3720
ginsenoside rb1
[no description available]		2.0510ginsenoside;
glycoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		anti-inflammatory drug;
anti-obesity agent;
apoptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
gentamicin sulfate
[no description available]		1.9910
enanthotoxin
enanthotoxin: poisonous principle of Oenanthe crocata (Water Dropwort); RN given refers to (E,E,E)-isomer		2.110long-chain fatty alcohol
urushiol
[no description available]		2.0110
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		2.7630benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
cyclic gmp
Cyclic GMP: Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). 3',5'-cyclic GMP : A 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide in which the purine nucleobase is specified as guanidine.		1.98103',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide;
guanyl ribonucleotide		Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
concanavalin a
Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.		2.0510
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.1750
Malignant Melanoma
[description not available]		01.9910
Melanoma
A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)		01.9910
Rheumatoid Arthritis
[description not available]		07.3110
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.		02.3110
Cardiovascular Stroke
[description not available]		02.610
Injury, Myocardial Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.610
Myocardial Infarction
NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).		02.610
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.610
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.		02.610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.240
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		07.9430
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		02.7620
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		08.240
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.9430
Aberrant Crypt Foci
Clusters of colonic crypts that appear different from the surrounding mucosa when visualized after staining. They are of interest as putative precursors to colorectal adenomas and potential biomarkers for colorectal carcinoma.		02.2110
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.2110
Acute Kidney Failure
[description not available]		02.2110
Acute Kidney Injury
Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.		02.2110
Chronic Illness
[description not available]		02.2510
Anxiety
Feelings or emotions of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.		07.2510
Chronic Disease
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).		02.2510
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.6920
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.2510
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.2510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.2510
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.2510
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.1710
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.1710
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.1710
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.1710
Acne
[description not available]		03.5911
Acne Vulgaris
A chronic disorder of the pilosebaceous apparatus associated with an increase in sebum secretion. It is characterized by open comedones (blackheads), closed comedones (whiteheads), and pustular nodules. The cause is unknown, but heredity and age are predisposing factors.		03.5911
Cancer of Pancreas
[description not available]		02.2110
Carcinoma, Ductal, Pancreatic
[description not available]		02.2110
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).		02.2110
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal
Carcinoma that arises from the PANCREATIC DUCTS. It accounts for the majority of cancers derived from the PANCREAS.		02.2110
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		04.3470
Pink Eye
[description not available]		02.110
Allergy, Food
[description not available]		02.110
Nasal Catarrh
[description not available]		02.110
Mucositis, Oral
[description not available]		02.110
Hand Dermatosis
[description not available]		02.4420
Conjunctivitis
INFLAMMATION of the CONJUNCTIVA.		02.110
Food Hypersensitivity
Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.		02.110
Hand Dermatoses
Skin diseases involving the HANDS.		02.4420
Rhinitis
Inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA, the mucous membrane lining the NASAL CAVITIES.		02.110
Stomatitis
INFLAMMATION of the soft tissues of the MOUTH, such as MUCOSA; PALATE; GINGIVA; and LIP.		02.110
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.		04.3470
Hypertrophy
General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).		07.1110
Cancer of Colon
[description not available]		02.4720
Colonic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON.		02.4720
Cerebral Ischemia
[description not available]		02.0510
Nerve Degeneration
Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.		02.0510
Injury, Ischemia-Reperfusion
[description not available]		02.0510
Brain Ischemia
Localized reduction of blood flow to brain tissue due to arterial obstruction or systemic hypoperfusion. This frequently occurs in conjunction with brain hypoxia (HYPOXIA, BRAIN). Prolonged ischemia is associated with BRAIN INFARCTION.		02.0510
Reperfusion Injury
Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in tissues that result from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION) following ISCHEMIA.		02.0510
Contact Dermatitis
[description not available]		03.0850
Dermatitis, Contact
A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.		03.0850
Dermatitis, Occupational
A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.		03.6130
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.0610
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.0610
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
[description not available]		02.0610
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.		02.0610
Koch's Disease
[description not available]		02.0710
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS.		02.0710
Recrudescence
[description not available]		02.0110
Condition, Preneoplastic
[description not available]		02.0210
Precancerous Conditions
Pathological conditions that tend eventually to become malignant.		02.0210
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.0310
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.0310
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0310
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney
[description not available]		01.9910
Cancer of Kidney
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.		01.9910
Kidney Neoplasms
Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.		01.9910
Blood Pressure, High
[description not available]		0210
Hypertension
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.		0210
Leucocythaemia
[description not available]		02.0110
Leukemia
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)		02.0110