Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Myopia, Pathological

Myopia that increases at an abnormally rapid rate or increases after maturity (Hofstetter et al, Dictionary of Visual Science and Related Clinical Terms, 5th ed).

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Myopia, Pathological
Myopia, Progressive

Research Excerpts

Research

Studies (227)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19901 (0.44)23.3326
1990's0 (0.00)12.5806
2000's57 (25.11)18.1394
2010's129 (56.83)28.8240
2020's40 (17.62)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid0low10
uric acid0low10
1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate0low10
cyclopentolate0low20
lidocaine0medium11
2-propanol0medium173
pentoxifylline0low10
pirenzepine0low10
krypton0medium21
tropicamide0low10
mitomycin0medium86
prednisone0low10
pilocarpine0low20
sucrose0low10
fluocinolone acetonide0medium11
tryptophan0low10
perfluoroethane0low10
perflutren0medium311
triamcinolone acetonide0medium111
perfluorooctane0low10
betamethasone0low10
fusarium0low10
bendazole0low10
c.i. 425100low10
vancomycin0low10
fluorescein0low10
sulfur hexafluoride0low180
yttrium0low10
triamcinolone0low10
timolol0low10
tobramycin0low10
propiconazole0low60
triazoles0low10
voriconazole0low10
ah 68090low10
atropine0medium238
glycogen0low10
genipin0low40
keratan sulfate0low70
iridoids0low40
riboflavin0medium92
alprostadil0low10
aluminum0low10
coomassie brilliant blue0low10
ribose0low10
indocyanine green0low390
scopolamine hydrobromide0low10
butaprost0low10
almagate0medium42
epidermal growth factor0low10
transforming growth factor beta0low10
chondroitin sulfates0low10
eye0low300

Protein Targets (413)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain B, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, pheromone binding protein0011
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A2002
Chain A, RNA-directed RNA polymerase NS50101
acid sphingomyelinase1001
thioredoxin reductase100010
USP1 protein, partial3003
TDP1 protein110011
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA3003
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
flap endonuclease 14004
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
snurportin-11001
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 12002
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 11001
DNA polymerase eta isoform 11001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)7007
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor3003
plasminogen precursor3003
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor3003
geminin7007
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
fibroblast growth factor 22 isoform 1 precursor0001
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 130101
Beta-lactamase0101
Transthyretin0011
Fatty acid-binding protein, intestinal0112
Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte0112
Cyclin-A20101
Cannabinoid receptor 10011
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20112
Choline O-acetyltransferase0101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 120101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Fatty acid-binding protein 50011
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 110101
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 140101
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit5005
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma7007
GLI family zinc finger 3110011
AR protein140014
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A16006
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 19009
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha8008
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha140014
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta6006
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a100010
activating transcription factor 63003
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)4004
Histone H2A.x2002
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a4004
heat shock protein beta-15005
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 18008
lamin isoform A-delta10110011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
Glutamate receptor 25005
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain B, Penicillin Amidohydrolase0101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE6006
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE6006
Chain A, HADH2 protein5005
Chain B, HADH2 protein5005
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase5005
Chain A, Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase0011
Chain M, Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase0011
Olfactory receptor class A-like protein 10011
Luciferase2002
endonuclease IV3003
RGS121001
phosphopantetheinyl transferase3003
NFKB1 protein, partial4004
GLS protein4004
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Thrombopoietin1001
alkaline phosphatase, intestinal0011
thioredoxin glutathione reductase4004
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)6006
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
hypothetical protein, conserved1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 45005
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2100010
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 14004
alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme isoform 1 preproprotein0101
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
intestinal alkaline phosphatase precursor0101
chromobox protein homolog 18008
guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform 11001
DNA polymerase beta2002
M-phase phosphoprotein 82002
alkaline phosphatase, germ cell type preproprotein0011
POsterior Segregation0011
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M15005
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0011
Zinc finger protein mex-50011
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase5005
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0101
Prostacyclin receptor0213
Histamine H2 receptor3004
Prostaglandin D2 receptor0101
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]140014
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma7007
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30909
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 409010
Bile salt export pump012012
Cellular tumor antigen p539009
Thromboxane-A synthase 0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 subtype0101
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP4 subtype0112
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP1 subtype0101
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 20011
Prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype0112
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10909
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2A10001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A10001
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 35005
pregnane X nuclear receptor100010
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator0101
short transient receptor potential channel 6 isoform 10011
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M208213
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M408111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M108112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M307111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M407111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M507111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M508111
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M208214
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M109417
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10113
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M307110
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Reverse transcriptase/RNaseH 0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor0213
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
Cytochrome P450 2B10101
pregnane X receptor3003
progesterone receptor100010
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 48008
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha100010
farnesoid X nuclear receptor5005
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor8008
IDH13003
aryl hydrocarbon receptor7007
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 25005
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 25005
galanin receptor type 30101
Glucocorticoid receptor010111
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1010010
Glycine receptor subunit beta010010
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2010010
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3010010
ORF730011
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 25005
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-25005
SMAD family member 26006
SMAD family member 36006
Smad32002
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 14004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Chain A, Ferritin light chain2002
acetylcholinesterase2002
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)5005
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor2002
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a4004
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
Fumarate hydratase2002
polyprotein2002
arylsulfatase A7007
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 20101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 110101
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 15005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi5016
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-15016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta5016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-25016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-55016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-35016
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-15016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-25016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-45016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-35016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-65016
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-15016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-35016
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-25016
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20202
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
GABA theta subunit5016
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon5016
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
EWS/FLI fusion protein2002
cytochrome P450 2D64004
67.9K protein1001
caspase-31001
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 10203
Spike glycoprotein4004
dopamine D1 receptor2002
ATAD5 protein, partial4004
vasopressin V1b receptor1001
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a2002
survival motor neuron protein isoform d1001
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 11001
cGMP-dependent 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
High affinity cAMP-specific and IBMX-insensitive 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 8A0101
cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase0101
Tumor necrosis factor0101
Cholinesterase0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4A0101
Adenosine receptor A2b0101
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 172002
Inositol monophosphatase 13003
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B0101
cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D0101
Chitotriosidase-10213
cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase A0101
Endochitinase B10213
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
Cytochrome P450 2A60112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor DM10202
Cytochrome P450 2A130112
GALC protein1001
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d1001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0314
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
nonstructural protein 11001
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B1001
Cytochrome P450 3A40303
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
heat shock protein 90, putative0001
Chain A, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain B, 6,7-Dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine Synthase0011
Chain A, Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein1001
Chain H, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Heavy chain0011
Chain L, Immunoglobulin Igg1 Lambda Light Chain0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain A, DODECIN0011
Chain C, DODECIN0011
Chain E, DODECIN0011
15-lipoxygenase, partial1001
NPYLR7B0011
tumor necrosis factor1001
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor1001
Riboflavin-binding protein0112
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Caspase-71001
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0202
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0202
60 kDa chaperonin 0202
10 kDa chaperonin 0202
Chain A, MALTOPORIN0011
Chain B, MALTOPORIN0011
peripheral myelin protein 222002
Carbonic anhydrase 20113
Carbonic anhydrase 90113
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor 0011
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0202
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0202
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0202
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0011
Protein Rev 0011
procathepsin L isoform 1 preproprotein0101
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Interferon beta3003
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0303
Cytochrome P450 2J20101
G2002
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 31001
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 2002
Cytochrome P450 2C190202
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 12002
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial2002
Chain A, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain K, Trp Rna-binding Attenuation Protein0011
Chain B, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase0011
Chain C, Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase II0011
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B1001
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Dihydrofolate reductase0202
Carbonic anhydrase 10001
Plasma kallikrein0001
Myeloperoxidase0101
Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme0101
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Stromelysin-10101
Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 60001
Substance-P receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase 70001
Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase0102
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0001
Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 10101
SLC16A10 protein0001
Uracil nucleotide/cysteinyl leukotriene receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Tryprostatin B synthase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Carbonic anhydrase0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0001
2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase0011
Carbonic anhydrase 0001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0001
Monocarboxylate transporter 100001
Carbonic anhydrase 150001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0001
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Phospholipase A-2-activating protein0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0001
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Chain A, Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form0011
Solute carrier family 22 member 60001
Solute carrier family 22 member 80101
Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 90112
Guanine deaminase0101
Albumin0011
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0101
D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase0101
Transporter0101
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0101
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Cytochrome P450 1440011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0011
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0213
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]