indoxyl acetate profile

Indoxyl acetate is a synthetic compound that has been studied for its potential to modulate the activity of certain enzymes, particularly those involved in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics. It is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions, typically starting with indole and involving the use of acetic anhydride. Indoxyl acetate is known to inhibit the activity of enzymes such as carboxylesterases, which play a role in the detoxification of various compounds. This inhibitory effect has led to interest in its potential use as a probe for studying enzyme activity and for its potential therapeutic applications. For example, it has been investigated as a potential treatment for certain types of cancer. However, the safety and efficacy of indoxyl acetate in humans have not been fully established, and further research is needed before it can be considered for clinical use. Indoxyl acetate is also used as a model substrate in research studies that investigate the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and inhibition.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	11841
CHEMBL ID	2074590
CHEBI ID	169991
SCHEMBL ID	3174139
SCHEMBL ID	15553
MeSH ID	M0151874

Synonym
1h-indol-3-ol, 3-acetate
5-21-03-00006 (beilstein handbook reference)
indoxylacetate
einecs 210-154-2
3-indoxyl acetate
brn 0143086
nsc 13964
EN300-24658
CHEBI:169991
indole, 3-acetato-
indoxyl acetate
1h-indol-3-ol, acetate (ester)
acetic acid, 3-indolyl ester
608-08-2
nsc-13964
nsc13964
indoxyl-o-acetate
3-acetoxyindole
indol-3-ol, acetate (ester)
1h-indol-3-yl acetate
STK372207
indoxyl acetate, >=95% (gc)
3-indoxyl-3-acetate
I-5600
A0068
3-indolyl acetate
F2130-0060
AKOS001281841
A832894
bdbm50420240
FT-0615876
AM20040838
AB01158
indole acetate
CHEMBL2074590 ,
3-acetoxyindol
SCHEMBL3174139
SCHEMBL15553
DTXSID6060559
1h-indol-3-yl acetate #
1h-indol-3-ol, acetate
indol-3-ol, acetate
acetic acid 1h-indol-3-yl ester
mfcd00014561
VU0490361-1
1-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)piperazine
SY059874
CS-12497
CS-0142563
3AF7Z8794Q
Z199464144
HY-137884

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Indoxyl acetate hydrolysis is a rapid, inexpensive differential test which can be performed easily to help identify campylobacter. "	( Evaluation of the indoxyl acetate hydrolysis test for the differentiation of Campylobacters. Borczyk, A; Hodge, DS; Wat, LL, 1990)	2.06

Class	Description
indoles	Any compound containing an indole skeleton.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	IC50 (µMol)	83.0000	0.2700	4.5306	9.9000	AID682036
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)	Ki	491.0000	0.0400	4.2297	9.0000	AID679676
Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Ki	582.0000	3.0900	5.5400	9.1000	AID679632
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)	Km	14.0000	0.4200	4.6183	9.3000	AID678998
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
monoatomic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
response to organic cyclic compound	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
metanephric proximal tubule development	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
renal tubular secretion	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substance	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
inorganic anion transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transport	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
transport across blood-brain barrier	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
alpha-ketoglutarate transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
chloride ion binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein binding	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
sodium-independent organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
solute:inorganic anion antiporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
organic anion transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
prostaglandin transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic transmembrane transporter activity	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
caveola	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basal plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complex	Solute carrier family 22 member 6	Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
basolateral plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
apical plasma membrane	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosome	Solute carrier family 22 member 8	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID682036	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of PAH uptake in OAT-expressing OK cells	2002	British journal of pharmacology, Jan, Volume: 135, Issue:2	Uraemic toxins induce proximal tubular injury via organic anion transporter 1-mediated uptake.
AID678998	TP_TRANSPORTER: uptake in OAT1-expressing HEK293 cell	2004	Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1	Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID679676	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of benzylpenicillin uptake in OAT3-expressing HEK293 cells	2004	Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1	Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID679632	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of benzylpenicillin uptake in Oat3-expressing HEK293 cells	2004	Kidney international, Jan, Volume: 65, Issue:1	Characterization of uremic toxin transport by organic anion transporters in the kidney.
AID681393	TP_TRANSPORTER: inhibition of Indoxyl sulfate uptake (indoxyl sulfate: 2 uM, Indoleacetic acid: 1000 uM) in Xenopus laevis oocytes	2002	Kidney international, May, Volume: 61, Issue:5	Major role of organic anion transporter 3 in the transport of indoxyl sulfate in the kidney.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	6 (24.00)	18.7374
1990's	4 (16.00)	18.2507
2000's	6 (24.00)	29.6817
2010's	6 (24.00)	24.3611
2020's	3 (12.00)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	25 (100.00%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a 4-hydroxyphenyl group.	2.01	1	monocarboxylic acid; phenols	fungal metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
4-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-hydroxybenzoic acid : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid carrying a hydroxy substituent at C-4 of the benzene ring.	2.01	1	monohydroxybenzoic acid	algal metabolite; plant metabolite
carbamates [no description available]	2.07	1	amino-acid anion
hippuric acid hippuric acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #4591. N-benzoylglycine : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as benzoyl.	2.7	3	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite; uremic toxin
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	2.01	1	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.. chlorpyrifos : An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-diethyl hydrogen phosphorothioate in which the hydrogen of the hydroxy group has been replaced by a 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl group.	2.25	1	chloropyridine; organic thiophosphate	acaricide; agrochemical; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; insecticide; xenobiotic
sorbitol D-glucitol : The D-enantiomer of glucitol (also known as D-sorbitol).	1.97	1	glucitol	cathartic; Escherichia coli metabolite; food humectant; human metabolite; laxative; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
cyanides Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.. cyanides : Salts and C-organyl derivatives of hydrogen cyanide, HC#N.. isocyanide : The isomer HN(+)#C(-) of hydrocyanic acid, HC#N, and its hydrocarbyl derivatives RNC (RN(+)#C(-)).. cyanide : A pseudohalide anion that is the conjugate base of hydrogen cyanide.	6.93	1	pseudohalide anion	EC 1.9.3.1 (cytochrome c oxidase) inhibitor
sucrose Saccharum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE widely cultivated in the tropics for the sweet cane that is processed into sugar.	1.97	1	glycosyl glycoside	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; sweetening agent
tributyrin tributyrin: structure. tributyrin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by butyric acid.	6.98	1	butyrate ester; triglyceride	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; prodrug; protective agent
dithionitrobenzoic acid Dithionitrobenzoic Acid: A standard reagent for the determination of reactive sulfhydryl groups by absorbance measurements. It is used primarily for the determination of sulfhydryl and disulfide groups in proteins. The color produced is due to the formation of a thio anion, 3-carboxyl-4-nitrothiophenolate.. dithionitrobenzoic acid : An organic disulfide that results from the formal oxidative dimerisation of 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoic acid. An indicator used to quantify the number or concentration of thiol groups.	2.43	2	nitrobenzoic acid; organic disulfide	indicator
arginine Arginine: An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.. arginine : An alpha-amino acid that is glycine in which the alpha-is substituted by a 3-guanidinopropyl group.	1.97	1	arginine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	biomarker; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical
obidoxime chloride Obidoxime Chloride: Cholinesterase reactivator occurring in two interchangeable isomeric forms, syn and anti.	2.06	1
paraoxon [no description available]	2.06	1	aryl dialkyl phosphate; organophosphate insecticide	EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; mouse metabolite
salicylurate salicylurate: RN given refers to parent cpd. salicyluric acid : An N-acylglycine in which the acyl group is specified as 2-hydroxybenzoyl.. salicylurate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of salicyluric acid, obtained by deprotonation of the carboxy group; major species at pH 7.3.	2.01	1	N-acylglycine; secondary carboxamide	human xenobiotic metabolite; uremic toxin
indican indoxyl sulfate : An aryl sulfate that is indoxyl in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is substituted by a sulfo group.	2.7	3	aryl sulfate; indoles	human metabolite
2,6-dichloroindophenol 2,6-Dichloroindophenol: A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C.. 2,6-dichloroindophenol : A quinone imine that is indophenol substituted by chloro groups at positions 2 and 6.. N-3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl-1,4-benzoquinone imine : 1,4-benzoquinone imine having a 3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl substituent attached to the nitrogen atom.	2.08	1	dichlorobenzene; quinone imine
acetylthiocholine Acetylthiocholine: An agent used as a substrate in assays for cholinesterases, especially to discriminate among enzyme types.	2	1
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	2.25	1	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
gold Gold: A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.	2.25	1	copper group element atom; elemental gold
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.86	4	benzenes; phenyl acetates
indoxyl 3-hydroxyindole: inhibits amyloid fibril formation; structure in first source	1.93	1	heteroaryl hydroxy compound; hydroxyindoles
resorufin [no description available]	6.94	1	phenoxazine
4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate 4-methylumbelliferyl butyrate: substrate from butyrate esterase. 4-methylumbelliferyl butyate : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-methylumbelliferone in which the hydroxyl hydrogen is replaced by a butyryl group.	6.98	1	butyrate ester; coumarins	chromogenic compound
3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid: structure in first source. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-methyl-5-propylfuran-3-carboxylic acid : A furoic acid that is furan-3-carboxylic acid substituted by a methyl group at position 4, a propyl group at position 5 and a 2-carboxyethyl group at position 2. It is a potent uremic toxin that has been found to accumulate in human serum of patients with chronic kidney diseases.	2.42	2	dicarboxylic acid; furoic acid	human metabolite; uremic toxin
4-hydroxyhippuric acid p-hydroxyhippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-hydroxy derivative of hippuric acid.	2.01	1	N-acylglycine	human blood serum metabolite
2-hydroxycinnamic acid trans-2-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 2-coumaric acid.. 2-coumaric acid : A monohydroxycinnamic acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-2 of the phenyl ring.	2.01	1	2-coumaric acid; phenols	antioxidant; metabolite
indigo carmine Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.. indigo carmine : An organic sodium salt resulting from the formal condensation of indigo carmine (acid form) with two equivalents of sodium hydroxide. It is an indicator at pH 11.5-14, changing from blue to yellow.	2.38	2
hymecromone Hymecromone: A coumarin derivative possessing properties as a spasmolytic, choleretic and light-protective agent. It is also used in ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY TECHNIQUES for the determination of NITRIC ACID.	1.98	1	hydroxycoumarin	antineoplastic agent; hyaluronic acid synthesis inhibitor
esculin [no description available]	1.97	1	beta-D-glucoside; hydroxycoumarin	antioxidant; metabolite
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	1.93	1
pralidoxime pralidoxime: RN given refers to parent cpd; chloride was minor descriptor (75-80); on-line & Index Medicus search PRALIDOXIME COMPOUNDS (66-80). pralidoxime : A pyridinium ion that is 1-methylpyridinium substituted by a (hydroxyimino)methyl group at position 2.	2.06	1	pyridinium ion	antidote to organophosphate poisoning; antidote to sarin poisoning; cholinergic drug; cholinesterase reactivator
asoxime chloride [no description available]	2.06	1

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	2.7	3
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.01	1
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	2.01	1
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1
Infections, Helicobacter [description not available]	2.39	2
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	2	1
Helicobacter Infections Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.	2.39	2
Campylobacter Infection [description not available]	1.97	1

indoxyl acetate

Cross-References

Synonyms (52)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (3)

Inhibition Measurements

Other Measurements

Biological Processes (14)

Molecular Functions (11)

Ceullar Components (7)

Bioassays (7)

Research

Studies (25)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 30.70

Study Types