flubendazole profile

Flubendazole is a benzimidazole anthelmintic drug that was first synthesized in 1973. It acts by inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin, a protein that is essential for the formation of microtubules. Microtubules are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including cell division, migration, and intracellular transport. By inhibiting tubulin polymerization, flubendazole prevents the formation of microtubules, which disrupts these cellular processes and ultimately leads to the death of the parasite. Flubendazole is used to treat a variety of parasitic infections, including infections caused by roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes. It is also used to treat some types of cancer. Flubendazole is generally well-tolerated, but it can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Research on flubendazole continues to focus on its potential to treat a wider range of parasitic infections, as well as its potential to treat cancer. '

flubendazole: the p-fluoro analog of mebendazole [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

flubendazole : A member of the class of mebendazole in which the benzoyl group is replaced by a p-fluorobenzoyl group. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	35802
CHEMBL ID	1454946
CHEBI ID	77095
SCHEMBL ID	167185
MeSH ID	M0070980

Synonym
methyl [5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
HMS3393A18
AB00639981-08
methyl n-[5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
n-{5-[(4-fluorophenyl)carbonyl]benzimidazol-2-yl}methyloxymethanamide
flicum
methyl {6-[(4-fluorophenyl)carbonyl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl}carbamate
flubenol
nsc-313680
r 17899
fluvermal
flubendazole
r 17,889
methyl 5-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate
31430-15-6
nsc313680
c16h12fn3o3
ccris 4480
fluoromebendazole
methyl n-(5-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-2-benzimidazolyl)carbamate
(5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazole-2-yl)carbamic acid methyl ester
2-benzimidazolecarbamic acid, 5-(p-fluorobenzoyl)-, methyl ester
carbamic acid, (5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-, methyl ester
nsc 313680
flumoxal
flubendazolum [inn-latin]
einecs 250-624-4
flubendazol [inn-spanish]
flumoxane
r-17,889
r-17889
flubendazole (usan/inn)
D04200
MLS001424042
MLS000759477
smr000466360
cpd000466360
HMS2051A18
HMS2090I16
methyl n-[6-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
NCGC00246966-01
A820846
n-[6-[(4-fluorophenyl)-oxomethyl]-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid methyl ester
methyl (5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)carbamate
methyl [5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate
F0825
[5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamic acid methyl ester
AKOS015960439
CCG-100887
flubendazol
flubendazolum
r8m46911lr ,
flubendazole [usan:inn:ban]
unii-r8m46911lr
CHEMBL1454946
chebi:77095 ,
FT-0626436
NCGC00246966-03
S1837
AKOS015894917
HY-B0294
AB00639981-06
MLS006010905
NC00137
SCHEMBL167185
flubendazole [usan]
flubendazole [mart.]
flubendazole [mi]
flubendazole [ep monograph]
flubendazole [who-dd]
flubendazole [inn]
CPEUVMUXAHMANV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Q-201119
flubendazole, antibiotic for culture media use only
AB00639981_09
mfcd00871999
DTXSID8023058 ,
DB08974
flubendazole d3
flumoxanal
sr-01000759412
SR-01000759412-4
SR-01000759412-5
AC-8716
methyl (6-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)carbamate
flubendazol, vetranal(tm), analytical standard
flubendazol, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
flubendazole for system suitability, european pharmacopoeia (ep) reference standard
NCGC00246966-12
HMS3714D06
Z2037280409
flubendazole (flutelmium)
methyl n-{5-[(4-fluorophenyl)carbonyl]-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl}carbamate
methyl 5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylcarbamate
Q241992
AS-12271
nsc 313680; nsc313680; nsc-313680; r 17899; r17899; r-17899
BCP34258
CCG-267614
D70276
methyl (5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzo-[d]imidazol-2-yl)carbamate
flubendazole for system suitability
carbamicacid, [5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]-methylester
carbamic acid, n-[5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl]-, methyl ester
flubendazol (inn-spanish)
p02ca05
dtxcid003058
flubendazole (mart.)
zelcom
methyl(5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate
flubendazole (ep monograph)
methyl (5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate
flubendazolum (inn-latin)
EN300-7361973
methyl n-[5-(4-fluorobenzoyl)-1h-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl]carbamate

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Flubendazole (FBZ) is a poorly water-soluble drug, and different methodologies have been proposed to improve its oral bioavailability. "	( Describing the Influence of Ball-milling on the Amorphization of Flubendazole Using the PDF and RMC Methods with X-ray Powder Diffraction Data. Bezzon, VDN; de Araújo, GLB; de Lima, JC; Ferreira, FF; Pinto, RDS, 2022)	2.4
"Flubendazole (FLU) is an anthelmintic that has been used to treat worm infections in humans and animals for decades."	( Flubendazole inhibits PD-1 and suppresses melanoma growth in immunocompetent mice. Corley, S; Hossain, MJ; Khachigian, LM; Li, Y; O'Meara, C; Quagliata, L; Wilkins, MR; Wu, B, 2023)	3.07
"Flubendazole is an anthelmintic and categorized in benzimidazole. "	( [Flubendazole Inhibits the Proliferation of A549 and H460 Cells and Promotes Autophagy]. Dong, T; Li, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Z; Wen, J, 2020)	2.91
"Flubendazole is a well-known anti-malarial drug that is recently reported to be a potential anti-tumor agent in various types of human cancer cells."	( Flubendazole, FDA-approved anthelmintic, elicits valid antitumor effects by targeting P53 and promoting ferroptosis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cen, S; Chen, W; Li, C; Luo, J; Mao, X; Shu, F; Tan, X; Wu, K; Yang, T; Yang, Y; Zhou, X; Zou, L, 2021)	2.79
"Flubendazole is a widely used anthelmintic drug belonging to benzimidazole group. "	( Anthelmintic Flubendazole and Its Potential Use in Anticancer Therapy. Čáňová, K; Rozkydalová, L; Rudolf, E, )	1.94
"Flubendazole (FLU) is a widely used anthelmintic drug belonging to benzimidazole group. "	( Flubendazole induces mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in melanoma cells. Čáňová, K; Rozkydalová, L; Rudolf, E; Vokurková, D, 2018)	3.37
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a potent and efficacious macrofilaricide after parenteral administration. "	( Potential Role for Flubendazole in Limiting Filariasis Transmission: Observations of Microfilarial Sensitivity. Burkman, E; Dzimianski, M; Geary, TG; Kengne-Ouafo, JA; Mackenzie, CD; Moorhead, A; Ndongmo, PC; Njouendou, JA; O'Neill, M; Wanji, S, 2018)	2.25
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic used in pigs, poultry, and humans. "	( Species differences in hepatic biotransformation of the anthelmintic drug flubendazole. Geary, T; Lanusse, C; Mackenzie, C; Maté, ML; Virkel, G, 2017)	2.13
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic compound used in pigs, poultry and humans. "	( Hepatic and extra-hepatic metabolic pathways involved in flubendazole biotransformation in sheep. Ballent, M; Lanusse, C; Lifschitz, A; Maté, L; Virkel, G, 2008)	2.03
"Flubendazole (FLU) is a widely administered benzimidazole anthelmintic indicated for the control of parasitic diseases in farm animals including pigs and pheasants. "	( Modulation of porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) and pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) carbonyl reducing enzymes by anthelmintic therapy with flubendazole. Krízová, V; Lamka, J; Nobilis, M; Savlík, M; Skálová, L; Szotáková, B, 2008)	1.99
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a poor water solubility broad-spectrum BZD methylcarbamate anthelmintic compound. "	( Exploring flubendazole formulations for use in sheep. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a cyclodextrin-based solution. Alvarez, L; Ceballos, L; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Torrado, JJ, 2012)	2.22
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole anthelmintic compound. "	( Nematodicidal activity of flubendazole and its reduced metabolite on a murine model of Trichinella spiralis infection. Confalonieri, A; Ignacio Alvarez, L; Lanusse, C; Sánchez Bruni, S; Urbizu, L, 2012)	2.12
"Flubendazole (FLBZ) is a broad spectrum benzimidazole methylcarbamate anthelmintic widely used in poultry and swine. "	( Integrated pharmacological assessment of flubendazole potential for use in sheep: disposition kinetics, liver metabolism and parasite diffusion ability. Alvarez, L; Bruni, SS; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Mottier, L; Virkel, G, 2004)	2.03
"Flubendazole is a prochiral drug, hence a racemic mixture is formed during non-stereoselective reductions at the carbonyl group."	( Achiral and chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of flubendazole and its metabolites in biomatrices using UV photodiode-array and mass spectrometric detection. Holcapek, M; Jira, T; Lamka, J; Lísa, M; Nobilis, M; Skálová, L; Szotáková, B, 2007)	1.29
"Flubendazole is an effective anthelmintic against both Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. "	( The anthelmintic effects of flubendazole on Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. Kan, SP, 1983)	2

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Flubendazole has shown poor in vivo efficacy against CE in humans and mice."	( Flubendazole in cystic echinococcosis therapy: pharmaco-parasitological evaluation in mice. Alvarez, L; Bruni, SS; Ceballos, L; Denegri, G; Elissondo, M; Lanusse, C, 2009)	2.52
"Flubendazole has been given orally before surgery for a 10 days mean period, at 4 g daily in adults and 1 g daily in children."	( [Flubendazole in human Echinococcus granulosus hydatidosis. Preoperative care: parasit-pharmacologic study]. Excler, JL; Garin, JP; Maisonneuve, H; Paillard, B; Piens, MA, )	1.76
"Flubendazole has been given at a daily dosage of 50 mg/kg for 16 months (extremes 10 and 24 months) to 10 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. "	( [Treatment of human alveolar echinococcosis with flubendazole. Clinical, morphological and immunological study]. Barale, T; Estavoyer, JM; Gillet, M; Lassègue, A; Miguet, JP; Minazzi, H; Vuitton, D, 1984)	1.96

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Flubendazole may inhibit the proliferation of A549 and H460 cells and promote autophagy."	( [Flubendazole Inhibits the Proliferation of A549 and H460 Cells and Promotes Autophagy]. Dong, T; Li, J; Liu, Y; Lu, Z; Wen, J, 2020)	2.91
"Flubendazole did not cause erratic migration of Ascaris in mixed infections at any of the dosages used."	( The anthelmintic effects of flubendazole on Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris lumbricoides. Kan, SP, 1983)	1.28

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Treatment with flubendazole twice during fattening prevented A."	( Effect of Ascaris suum infection on performance of fattening pigs. Alban, L; Boes, J; Christiansen, S; Havn, KT; Jacobs, J; Kanora, A; Vestergaard-Nielsen, K, 2010)	0.7
"A treatment by flubendazole 4 g/day is started on February 1982."	( [Hydatic cyst of the pelvis. Failure of treatment with flubendazole]. Dumon, H; Gallais, H; Quilici, M; Raoult, D; Xeridat, B, 1983)	0.85
"Treatment with Flubendazole (R17889-Janssen) 200 mg twice daily for 30 days resulted in clinical and parasitological cure."	( Intestinal capillariasis in Egypt: a case report. Mansour, NS; Mikhail, EM; Youssef, FG, 1989)	0.62

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These studies have shown that monthly topical administration of selamectin is safe and highly effective in the treatment of naturally acquired ascarid and hookworm infections in cats."	( Efficacy and safety of selamectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in cats presented as veterinary patients. Benchaoui, HA; Boy, MG; Clemence, RG; Jernigan, AD; Rowan, TG; Six, RH; Smith, DG; Sture, GH; Thomas, CA; Watson, P, 2000)	0.31
" In rats, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) was 5 mg (as base)/kg body weight/day (mg eq."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	0.75
"Based on these results, in combination with previously described genotoxicity and reproductive toxicity data and the outcome of the preclinical efficacy studies, it was concluded that no flubendazole treatment regimen can be selected that would provide efficacy in humans at safe exposure."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	0.94

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay procedure was developed for mebendazole and flubendazole enabling a more thorough study of the systemic absorption and pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drugs."	( The pharmacokinetics of mebendazole and flubendazole in animals and man. Hendriks, R; Heykants, J; Michiels, M; van den Bossche, H, 1982)	0.76
"A pharmacokinetic study of flubendazole was carried out, using a radioimmunological method, in patients with hydatid disease about to undergo surgery; there was no evidence of drug penetration into the walls or contents of the cysts."	( [Pharmacokinetic study of flubendazole in human hydatid disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Preliminary results (author's transl)]. Coulaud, JP; Hay, JM; Manuel, C; Meulemans, A; Mohler, J; Saimot, AG, 1981)	0.86
" Oral absorption is rapid compared with IM dosing; the absorption half-life (K01-HL) for the IM treatment is approximately 14 hr compared with 1 and 2 hr for the PO regimen of salt and free base forms, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of UMF-078, a candidate antifilarial drug, in infected dogs. Dzimianski, MT; Fleckenstein, L; McCall, JW; Theplertboon, R, 2000)	0.31
" For in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, further improvement and optimization of bioanalytical HPLC method in terms of sensitivity and selectivity was necessary."	( Sensitive chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of anthelmintic flubendazole and its phase I metabolites in blood plasma using UV photodiode-array and fluorescence detection Application to pharmacokinetic studies in sheep. Krízová, V; Kubícek, V; Lamka, J; Nobilis, M; Skálová, L; Soukupová, M; Szotáková, B; Vybíralová, Z, 2008)	0.57
" The information on FLU's pharmacokinetic behavior in animal species with forestomach (ruminants) has been limited although the use of FLU in these species could be beneficial."	( Pharmacokinetics of flubendazole and its metabolites in lambs and adult sheep (Ovis aries). Chládek, J; Cvilink, V; Krízová, V; Lamka, J; Nobilis, M; Prusková, L; Skálová, L; Szotáková, B, 2009)	0.68
" Additionally, the comparative pharmacokinetic behaviour of FLBZ (and its metabolites) administered by the intraruminal (i."	( Exploring flubendazole formulations for use in sheep. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a cyclodextrin-based solution. Alvarez, L; Ceballos, L; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Torrado, JJ, 2012)	0.78
" However, oppositely to what was expected, the absorption-related pharmacokinetic parameters did not show any marked formulation-dependant effect."	( Exploring flubendazole formulations for use in sheep. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of a cyclodextrin-based solution. Alvarez, L; Ceballos, L; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Torrado, JJ, 2012)	0.78
" Pharmacokinetic study: Balb/C mice received FLBZ (5 mg/kg) orally either alone or co-administered with NTZ (100 mg/kg)."	( Combined flubendazole-nitazoxanide treatment of cystic echinococcosis: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy assessment in mice. Carlos, L; Celina, E; Guillermo, D; Laura, C; Luis, A; Sergio, SB, 2015)	0.83
" The goal of the current experimental work was to compare the pharmacokinetic plasma behavior of FLBZ, and its metabolites, formulated as either an aqueous hydroxypropyl- β -cyclodextrin-solution (HPBCD), an aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose-suspension (CMC) or a Tween 80-based formulation, in pigs."	( Pharmacokinetic comparison of different flubendazole formulations in pigs: A further contribution to its development as a macrofilaricide molecule. Alvarez, L; Ceballos, L; Geary, T; Lanusse, C; Mackenzie, C, 2015)	0.68
" As this formulation results in improved systemic absorption, the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of the flubendazole ASD formulation have been assessed to ensure human safety before clinical trials could be initiated."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	0.96
" Flubendazole, up to high peak plasma concentrations, does not induce Cmax related effects in CNS or cardiovascular system."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	1.66

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These observations demonstrate the inefficacy of FZ in this series of 10 patients with alveolar echinococcosis, possibly related to the extremely poor bioavailability of FZ."	( [Treatment of human alveolar echinococcosis with flubendazole. Clinical, morphological and immunological study]. Barale, T; Estavoyer, JM; Gillet, M; Lassègue, A; Miguet, JP; Minazzi, H; Vuitton, D, 1984)	0.52
" However, a new formulation that provided sufficient bioavailability following oral administration could render FLBZ an effective treatment for onchocerciasis and LF."	( In vitro flubendazole-induced damage to vital tissues in adult females of the filarial nematode Brugia malayi. Agnew, DW; Geary, JF; Geary, TG; Mackenzie, CD; O'Neill, M, 2015)	0.83
"This study investigates 3 amorphous technologies to improve the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of flubendazole (FLU)."	( Evaluation of Three Amorphous Drug Delivery Technologies to Improve the Oral Absorption of Flubendazole. Backx, K; Boeykens, P; Bone, S; Brewster, ME; Ceulemans, J; Hillewaert, V; Jager, C; Kesselaers, E; Lachau-Durand, S; Mackie, C; Meurs, G; Novoa de Armas, H; Psathas, P; Smulders, S; Van Geel, K; Van Hove, B; Van Speybroeck, M; Verheyen, L; Verreck, G; Vialpando, M; Vodak, D; Voets, M; Weuts, I, 2016)	0.87
" Unfortunately, the marketed formulation of FLBZ provides very limited oral bioavailability and parenteral administration is required for macrofilaricidal efficacy."	( An In Vitro/In Vivo Model to Analyze the Effects of Flubendazole Exposure on Adult Female Brugia malayi. DiCosty, U; Dzimianski, M; Geary, J; Geary, TG; Mackenzie, CD; Mansour, A; McCall, JW; McCall, SD; O'Neill, M, 2016)	0.68
"The bioavailability of the anthelminthic flubendazole was remarkably enhanced in comparison with the pure crystalline drug by developing completely amorphous electrospun nanofibres with a matrix consisting of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and polyvinylpyrrolidone."	( Oral bioavailability enhancement of flubendazole by developing nanofibrous solid dosage forms. Balogh, A; Boeykens, P; Borbás, E; Démuth, B; Galata, DL; Mackie, C; Marosi, G; Nagy, ZK; Pataki, H; Psathas, P; Van Assche, I; Van Hove, B; Verreck, G; Vialpando, M; Vigh, T, 2017)	1
" For this purpose, an orally bioavailable amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulation of flubendazole was developed."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	0.97
" In animals, flubendazole has good oral bioavailability from an ASD formulation ranging from 15% in dogs, 27% in rats to more than 100% in jirds."	( Preclinical toxicity and pharmacokinetics of a new orally bioavailable flubendazole formulation and the impact for clinical trials and risk/benefit to patients. Bailey, G; Engelen, M; Lachau-Durand, S; Lammens, L; Lampo, A; van der Leede, BJ; Van Gompel, J, 2019)	1.12
" As part of an effort to stimulate the discovery and development of new macrofilaricides, particularly for onchocerciasis, research has recently been devoted to the development of new formulations that would afford high oral bioavailability of FBZ, paving the way for potential clinical development of this repurposed drug for the treatment of human filariases."	( Flubendazole as a macrofilaricide: History and background. Geary, TG; Mackenzie, CD; Silber, SA, 2019)	1.96
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51
" Flubendazole's potential use in clinical oncology will require further understanding of its mechanistic roles, range of inhibition of cancer types, capacity for adjunctive therapy and possible reformulation for enhanced solubility, bioavailability and potency."	( Emerging insights on functions of the anthelmintic flubendazole as a repurposed anticancer agent. Khachigian, LM, 2021)	1.78
"In this work, an important step is taken towards the bioavailability improvement of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as flubendazole (Flu), posing a challenge in the current development of many novel oral-administrable therapeutics."	( Stable amorphous solid dispersion of flubendazole with high loading via electrospinning. Becelaere, J; Borgmans, S; Creemers, K; De Clerck, K; Hoogenboom, R; Schoolaert, E; Van Den Broeck, E; Van Guyse, JFR; Van Speybroeck, V; Vanhoorne, V; Vergaelen, M; Vervaet, C, 2022)	1.2
" However, currently, a simple and efficient in vitro test to investigate critical factors that may impact the drug release and bioavailability at the development stage of a drug-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) is lacking."	( Biphasic dissolution combined with modified cylinder method-A new promising method for dissolution test in drug-loaded nanoemulsions. Bou-Chacra, NA; de Araujo, GLB; Henostroza, MAB; Löbenberg, R; Park, C; Yousef, M; Yukuyama, MN; Zuo, J, 2023)	0.91

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Faecal examination for 5 months, the period from medication to dissection of rats, showed that L1 release ceased in all the rats of medicated groups by about 1 week after the termination of dosing and resumed 1-2 months later in 86% of the rats which were dissected at the end of experiments with the recovery of adult worms of both sexes."	( Effect of flubendazole on the number of first-stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis released in the faeces of treated rats. Maki, J; Yanagisawa, T, 1990)	0.68
"A precise and accurate differential pulse polarographic method was developed for the determination of flubendazole in dosage forms without any prior extraction procedure of interference from the other stated ingredients."	( Determination of flubendazole in pharmaceutical dosage forms by differential pulse polarography and UV spectroscopy. Gratteri, P; La Porta, E; Mura, P; Papeschi, G; Pinzauti, S; Santoni, G, 1990)	0.83
" The drugs exhibited better anthelmintic efficacy in a divided dosing regimen than in a single dosing regimen."	( Studies on anthelmintic effects of flubendazole and mebendazole on the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice and rats. Maki, J; Yanagisawa, T, 1986)	0.55
" nana were eliminated from mice by bithionol and mebendazole respectively, at the same dosage regimen."	( Anthelmintic effects of bithionol, paromomycin sulphate, flubendazole and mebendazole on mature and immature Hymenolepis nana in mice. Maki, J; Yanagisawa, T, 1985)	0.51
"4% past formulation was given at a dosage of 22 mg/kg of body weight once a day for 2 or 3 consecutive days."	( Anthelmintic efficacy of flubendazole paste against nematodes and cestodes in dogs and cats. Hermans, L; Van der Flaes, L; Vanparijs, O, 1985)	0.57
"Flubendazole has been given at a daily dosage of 50 mg/kg for 16 months (extremes 10 and 24 months) to 10 patients with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis."	( [Treatment of human alveolar echinococcosis with flubendazole. Clinical, morphological and immunological study]. Barale, T; Estavoyer, JM; Gillet, M; Lassègue, A; Miguet, JP; Minazzi, H; Vuitton, D, 1984)	1.96
" This dosage level indicated 100% efficacy against mature Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum, Trichuris suis, and Metastrongylus apri."	( Flubendazole: dose range and efficacy studies against common internal parasites of swine. Becker, HN; Bradley, RE; Guerrero, J; Michael, BF; Newcomb, K, 1983)	1.71
" The increase in the dosage allowed higher levels, as opposed to previous assertions."	( [Treatment of alveolar echinococcosis with flubendazole. Pharmacological study (author's transl)]. Canton, P; Dureux, JB; Gérard, A; Roche, G, 1982)	0.53
" The game were extremely willing to ingest the drug applied with feed, the dosing schedule being confirmed."	( [Effect of flubendazole on Muellerius capillaris in mouflon]. Klecá ková, J; Lamka, J; Vondrejc, M, 1996)	0.68
" The eggs from the lowest dosed group (3 mg kg-1 feed) did contain residues, but most of them were only slightly higher than the LOD."	( Flubendazole residues in eggs after oral administration to laying hens: determination with reversed phase liquid chromatography. Kan, CA; Keukens, HJ; Tomassen, MJ, 1998)	1.74
" In contrast to oral administration, IM dosing of UMF-078 provides sustained, relatively low plasma drug levels, with good tolerance and efficacy."	( Pharmacokinetics of UMF-078, a candidate antifilarial drug, in infected dogs. Dzimianski, MT; Fleckenstein, L; McCall, JW; Theplertboon, R, 2000)	0.31
" Unit doses of selamectin (providing a minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1)) were administered topically to the skin in a single spot at monthly intervals."	( Efficacy and safety of selamectin against gastrointestinal nematodes in cats presented as veterinary patients. Benchaoui, HA; Boy, MG; Clemence, RG; Jernigan, AD; Rowan, TG; Six, RH; Smith, DG; Sture, GH; Thomas, CA; Watson, P, 2000)	0.31
" It is nearly insoluble in water and it influences not only the selection of the dosage form, but also its biological availability."	( [Effect of temperature on drug solubility in complex formation of flubendazole and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin]. Rabisková, M; Sucman, E; Vetchý, D, 2000)	0.54
"), when treated with a dosage of 20 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days (99."	( Efficacy of flubendazole and albendazole against Trichinella spiralis in mice. Cho, SW; Chung, MS; Joo, KH; Kwon, HS; Quan, FS, 2001)	0.69
" the same grade of damage was reached when incubating for a longer period at a low dosage or for a shorter period in medium containing a high amount (10 or 100 micro g/ml) of flubendazole."	( In vitro studies on the effects of flubendazole against Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum. Hanser, E; Hoeben, D; Mehlhorn, H; Vlaminck, K, 2003)	0.79
") (4% suspension) administrations at the same dosage (5 mg/kg) with a 21-day washout period between treatments."	( Integrated pharmacological assessment of flubendazole potential for use in sheep: disposition kinetics, liver metabolism and parasite diffusion ability. Alvarez, L; Bruni, SS; Lanusse, C; Moreno, L; Mottier, L; Virkel, G, 2004)	0.59
" Subcellular fractions were prepared from liver and intestinal mucosa 24 h after the final dosage was administered."	( Activities of biotransformation enzymes and flubendazole metabolism in lambs (Ovis aries): effect of gender and flubendazole therapy. Bártíková, H; Krízová, V; Kubícek, V; Lamka, J; Skálová, L; Stepnicková, M; Szotáková, B, )	0.39
" Combined surgery and continuous administration of albendazole at high dosage may allow alveolar echinococcosis patients to survive more than 30 years after diagnosis despite multi-organ involvement."	( 30-yr course and favorable outcome of alveolar echinococcosis despite multiple metastatic organ involvement in a non-immune suppressed patient. Bardonnet, K; Blagosklonov, O; Bresson-Hadni, S; Delabrousse, E; Grenouillet, F; Mantion, GA; Miguet, JP; Vuitton, DA, 2013)	0.39
" Healthy animals of both species were allocated into four experimental groups of 44 animals each: FLBZ-CD oral and FLBZ-CDsc, treated with the FLBZ-CD formulation by the oral or subcutaneous routes, respectively; FLBZ-TWEENsc, dosed subcutaneously with the FLBZ-TWEEN formulation; and FLBZ-CMC oral, treated orally with the FLBZ suspension."	( Exploring the potential of flubendazole in filariasis control: evaluation of the systemic exposure for different pharmaceutical preparations. Alvarez, L; Ceballos, L; Geary, T; Lanusse, C; Mackenzie, C, 2014)	0.7
" Analysis of dose-response curves from the in vitro tests, using recently developed point of departure approaches, demonstrate that the aneugenic potency of flubendazole is very similar to related anti-parasitic benzimidazoles, including albendazole, which is used in mass drug administration programmes to combat endemic filarial diseases."	( Genotoxicity of flubendazole and its metabolites in vitro and the impact of a new formulation on in vivo aneugenicity. Evans, DB; Johnson, GE; Scandale, I; Tweats, DJ; Whitwell, J, 2016)	0.98
" All formulations were dosed to rats at 20 mg/kg in suspension."	( Evaluation of Three Amorphous Drug Delivery Technologies to Improve the Oral Absorption of Flubendazole. Backx, K; Boeykens, P; Bone, S; Brewster, ME; Ceulemans, J; Hillewaert, V; Jager, C; Kesselaers, E; Lachau-Durand, S; Mackie, C; Meurs, G; Novoa de Armas, H; Psathas, P; Smulders, S; Van Geel, K; Van Hove, B; Van Speybroeck, M; Verheyen, L; Verreck, G; Vialpando, M; Vodak, D; Voets, M; Weuts, I, 2016)	0.65
" Systemic exposures of FBZ/FBZ metabolites achieved following dosing were measured by pharmacokinetic (PK) bioanalysis."	( Short-course, oral flubendazole does not mediate significant efficacy against Onchocerca adult male worms or Brugia microfilariae in murine infection models. Akumtoh, DN; Aljayyoussi, G; Baeten, B; Chounna, PWN; Chunda, VC; Engelen, M; Fombad, FF; Gandjui, NVT; Lachaud, S; Metuge, HM; Ndzeshang, BL; Njouendou, AJ; Pionnier, N; Quirynen, L; Sjoberg, HT; Steven, A; Taylor, MJ; Tayong, DB; Tekle, F; Turner, JD; Wanji, S; Ward, SA, 2019)	0.84
" In summary, oral doses of ASD formulated FBZ did not significantly reduce total worm burden but longer treatments, extended takedown times or a second dosing regimen, may decrease female fecundity and the number of mf shed by female worms."	( Efficacy of subcutaneous doses and a new oral amorphous solid dispersion formulation of flubendazole on male jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with the filarial nematode Brugia pahangi. Baeten, B; Beerntsen, B; Bulman, CA; Engelen, M; Fischer, C; Gut, J; Ibiricu Urriza, I; Lachau-Durand, S; Lim, KC; Lustigman, S; Quirynen, L; Sakanari, J; Tekle, F, 2019)	0.74
"Dissolution testing is important in assessing the in vitro drug release performance for oral administration dosage forms."	( Biphasic dissolution combined with modified cylinder method-A new promising method for dissolution test in drug-loaded nanoemulsions. Bou-Chacra, NA; de Araujo, GLB; Henostroza, MAB; Löbenberg, R; Park, C; Yousef, M; Yukuyama, MN; Zuo, J, 2023)	0.91

Role	Description
antinematodal drug	A substance used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations.
teratogenic agent	A role played by a chemical compound in biological systems with adverse consequences in embryo developments, leading to birth defects, embryo death or altered development, growth retardation and functional defect.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Class	Description
benzimidazoles	An organic heterocyclic compound containing a benzene ring fused to an imidazole ring.
carbamate ester	Any ester of carbamic acid or its N-substituted derivatives.
organofluorine compound	An organofluorine compound is a compound containing at least one carbon-fluorine bond.
aromatic ketone	A ketone in which the carbonyl group is attached to an aromatic ring.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7427	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
PPM1D protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.4740	0.0052	9.4661	32.9993	AID1347411
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.7065	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
polyprotein	Zika virus	Potency	0.7427	0.0030	8.7949	48.0869	AID1347053
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	10.0000	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID1454
relaxin receptor 1 isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	25.1189	0.0388	14.3501	43.6206	AID2676
Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.4740	0.0033	9.1582	39.8107	AID1347411
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cell surface receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of autophagy	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation of STAT protein	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to interferon-beta	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell proliferation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of viral genome replication	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of innate immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of MHC class I biosynthetic process	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
defense response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
neuron cellular homeostasis	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to virus	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of Lewy body formation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of T-helper 2 cell cytokine production	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
response to exogenous dsRNA	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
B cell differentiation	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
natural killer cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
T cell activation involved in immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
humoral immune response	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
cytokine activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
cytokine receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
type I interferon receptor binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
protein binding	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase activity	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
extracellular space	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular region	Interferon beta	Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (98)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347135	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347141	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347125	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347126	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347137	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for Daoy cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347136	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1347109	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347116	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347140	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347139	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D viability screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347127	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347138	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Orthogonal 3D caspase screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347121	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347128	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1079940	Granulomatous liver disease, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'GRAN' in source]
AID1079938	Chronic liver disease either proven histopathologically, or through a chonic elevation of serum amino-transferase activity after 6 months. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHRON' in source]
AID1079945	Animal toxicity known. [column 'TOXIC' in source]
AID1403130	Selectivity ratio of EC50 for cytotoxicity against human PC3M cells to EC50 for cytotoxicity against human PC3MLN4 cells	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-20, Volume: 144	Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel water soluble benzimidazole carbamates.
AID1192806	Antiviral activity against hepatitis B viral in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as viral DNA replication after 9 days by real-time PCR analysis (Rvb = 6.12 +/- 1.46 AU)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy.
AID1470755	Inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase at 1 mM using N-acetyllactosamine as substrate in presence of 3'-sialyllactose measured after 15 mins by HPAEC-PAD relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1079936	Choleostatic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is < 2 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CHOLE' in source]
AID1079935	Cytolytic liver toxicity, either proven histopathologically or where the ratio of maximal ALT or AST activity above normal to that of Alkaline Phosphatase is > 5 (see ACUTE). Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CYTOL' in source]
AID1079934	Highest frequency of acute liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% AIGUE' in source]
AID1192803	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2.2.15 cells to IC50 for decrease in hepatitis B viral surface antigen HBsAg secretion in human HepG2.2.15 cells	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy.
AID1079939	Cirrhosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'CIRRH' in source]
AID1470763	Solubility of the compound in water	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1079942	Steatosis, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'STEAT' in source]
AID1079941	Liver damage due to vascular disease: peliosis hepatitis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, Budd-Chiari syndrome. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'VASC' in source]
AID1403129	Cytotoxicity against human PC3M cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by cyquant reagent based fluorescence spectrometric assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-20, Volume: 144	Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel water soluble benzimidazole carbamates.
AID1470754	Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi NINOA infected in NIH mouse blood after 24 hrs by optical microscopic method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1079932	Highest frequency of moderate liver toxicity observed during clinical trials, expressed as a percentage. [column '% BIOL' in source]
AID1470752	Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi INC-5 infected in NIH mouse blood after 24 hrs by optical microscopic method	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1079946	Presence of at least one case with successful reintroduction. [column 'REINT' in source]
AID1079948	Times to onset, minimal and maximal, observed in the indexed observations. [column 'DELAI' in source]
AID1079943	Malignant tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.MAL' in source]
AID1192808	Antiviral activity against hepatitis B viral in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as viral HBcAg level after 9 days by ELISA (Rvb = 14.16 +/- 1.92 ng/ml)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy.
AID1079944	Benign tumor, proven histopathologically. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'T.BEN' in source]
AID1403128	Cytotoxicity against human PC3MLN4 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability after 48 hrs by cyquant reagent based fluorescence spectrometric assay	2018	European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jan-20, Volume: 144	Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel water soluble benzimidazole carbamates.
AID1470751	Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi INC-5 infected in NIH mouse blood assessed as parasite lysis at 50 ug/ml after 24 hrs by optical microscopic method relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1512699	Cytotoxicity against human MDA-MB-231 cells assessed as reduction in cell viability at 750 nM after 24 hrs by MTT assay relative to control	2018	Journal of medicinal chemistry, 06-14, Volume: 61, Issue:11	Design of Small Molecule Autophagy Modulators: A Promising Druggable Strategy.
AID1079933	Acute liver toxicity defined via clinical observations and clear clinical-chemistry results: serum ALT or AST activity > 6 N or serum alkaline phosphatases activity > 1.7 N. This category includes cytolytic, choleostatic and mixed liver toxicity. Value is
AID1079931	Moderate liver toxicity, defined via clinical-chemistry results: ALT or AST serum activity 6 times the normal upper limit (N) or alkaline phosphatase serum activity of 1.7 N. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'BIOL' in source]
AID1192807	Antiviral activity against hepatitis B viral in human HepG2.2.15 cells assessed as viral surface antigen HBsAg level after 9 days by ELISA (Rvb = 721 +/- 32 pg/ml)	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy.
AID1470753	Trypanocidal activity against trypomastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi NINOA infected in NIH mouse blood assessed as parasite lysis at 50 ug/ml after 24 hrs by optical microscopic method relative to control	2017	European journal of medicinal chemistry, May-26, Volume: 132	An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of new potential trans-sialidase inhibitors of Trypanosoma cruzi predicted by a computational drug repositioning method.
AID1079937	Severe hepatitis, defined as possibly life-threatening liver failure or through clinical observations. Value is number of references indexed. [column 'MASS' in source]
AID1192805	Selectivity index, ratio of CC50 for human HepG2.2.15 cells to IC50 for decrease in hepatitis B viral HBeAg secretion in human HepG2.2.15 cells	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Mar-01, Volume: 23, Issue:5	Design and synthesis of a novel candidate compound NTI-007 targeting sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide [NTCP]-APOA1-HBx-Beclin1-mediated autophagic pathway in HBV therapy.
AID1079947	Comments (NB not yet translated). [column 'COMMENTAIRES' in source]
AID1079949	Proposed mechanism(s) of liver damage. [column 'MEC' in source]
AID1347159	Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347160	Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID504810	Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID504812	Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign	2010	Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7	A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1347412	qHTS assay to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: Counter screen cell viability and HiBit confirmation	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID1347414	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: Secondary screen by immunofluorescence	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	68 (28.10)	18.7374
1990's	18 (7.44)	18.2507
2000's	40 (16.53)	29.6817
2010's	79 (32.64)	24.3611
2020's	37 (15.29)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	20 (7.78%)	5.53%
Reviews	10 (3.89%)	6.00%
Case Studies	13 (5.06%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	214 (83.27%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
quinacrine Quinacrine: An acridine derivative formerly widely used as an antimalarial but superseded by chloroquine in recent years. It has also been used as an anthelmintic and in the treatment of giardiasis and malignant effusions. It is used in cell biological experiments as an inhibitor of phospholipase A2.. quinacrine : A member of the class of acridines that is acridine substituted by a chloro group at position 6, a methoxy group at position 2 and a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]nitrilo group at position 9.	3.27	1	0	acridines; aromatic ether; organochlorine compound; tertiary amino compound	antimalarial; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.6	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
formaldehyde paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy	2.6	1	0	aldehyde; one-carbon compound	allergen; carcinogenic agent; disinfectant; EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; Escherichia coli metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	3.01	2	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
albendazole [no description available]	8.46	24	3	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester	anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
benzyl benzoate benzyl benzoate: structure; acarosan, a moist powder composed of wetted cellulose and benzyl benzoate, is used on carpets as an acaricide. benzyl benzoate : A benzoate ester obtained by the formal condensation of benzoic acid with benzyl alcohol. It has been isolated from the plant species of the genus Polyalthia.	1.96	1	0	benzoate ester; benzyl ester	acaricide; plant metabolite; scabicide
bithionol Bithionol: Halogenated anti-infective agent that is used against trematode and cestode infestations.. bithionol : An aryl sulfide that is diphenyl sulfide in which each phenyl group is substituted at position 2 by hydroxy and at positions 3 and 5 by chlorine. A fungicide and anthelmintic, it was used in various topical drug products for the treatment of liver flukes, but withdrawn after being shown to be a potent photosensitizer with the potential to cause serious skin disorders.	6.96	1	0	aryl sulfide; bridged diphenyl antifungal drug; bridged diphenyl fungicide; dichlorobenzene; organochlorine pesticide; polyphenol	antifungal agrochemical; antiplatyhelmintic drug
verapamil Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.	2.07	1	0	aromatic ether; nitrile; polyether; tertiary amino compound
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	3.27	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
ddt 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane: structure in first source	1.96	1	0	benzenoid aromatic compound; chlorophenylethane; monochlorobenzenes; organochlorine insecticide	bridged diphenyl acaricide; carcinogenic agent; endocrine disruptor; persistent organic pollutant
diethylcarbamazine Diethylcarbamazine: An anthelmintic used primarily as the citrate in the treatment of filariasis, particularly infestations with Wucheria bancrofti or Loa loa.	11.65	6	1	N-carbamoylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine
fenbendazole Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine.. fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections.	3.86	11	0	aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.31	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mebendazole Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES.. mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5.	14.25	219	19	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester	antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
nocodazole [no description available]	2.17	1	0	aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; thiophenes	antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	1.99	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
piperazine [no description available]	1.99	1	0	azacycloalkane; piperazines; saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent	anthelminthic drug
praziquantel azinox: Russian drug	4.63	6	1	isoquinolines
sulfadiazine Sulfadiazine: One of the short-acting SULFONAMIDES used in combination with PYRIMETHAMINE to treat toxoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and in newborns with congenital infections.. sulfadiazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.. diazine : The parent structure of the diazines.	2.49	2	0	pyrimidines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; coccidiostat; drug allergen; EC 1.1.1.153 [sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming)] inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfamethazine Sulfamethazine: A sulfanilamide anti-infective agent. It has a spectrum of antimicrobial action similar to other sulfonamides.. sulfamethazine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	7.48	2	0	pyrimidines; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; carcinogenic agent; drug allergen; EC 2.5.1.15 (dihydropteroate synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; ligand; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	2.15	1	0
suramin Suramin: A polyanionic compound with an unknown mechanism of action. It is used parenterally in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis and it has been used clinically with diethylcarbamazine to kill the adult Onchocerca. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1643) It has also been shown to have potent antineoplastic properties.. suramin : A member of the class of phenylureas that is urea in which each of the amino groups has been substituted by a 3-({2-methyl-5-[(4,6,8-trisulfo-1-naphthyl)carbamoyl]phenyl}carbamoyl)phenyl group. An activator of both the rabbit skeletal muscle RyR1 and sheep cardiac RyR2 isoform ryanodine receptor channels, it has been used for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis for over 100 years.	2.37	2	0	naphthalenesulfonic acid; phenylureas; secondary carboxamide	angiogenesis inhibitor; antinematodal drug; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inhibitor; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; GABA antagonist; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; purinergic receptor P2 antagonist; ryanodine receptor agonist; trypanocidal drug
terfenadine Terfenadine: A selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist devoid of central nervous system depressant activity. The drug was used for ALLERGY but withdrawn due to causing LONG QT SYNDROME.	2.15	1	0	diarylmethane
thiabendazole Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate	11.07	9	1	1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles	antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug
benzimidazole 1H-benzimidazole : The 1H-tautomer of benzimidazole.	2.08	1	0	benzimidazole; polycyclic heteroarene
trichlorfon Trichlorfon: An organochlorophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide for the control of flies and roaches. It is also used in anthelmintic compositions for animals. (From Merck, 11th ed). trichlorfon : A phosphonic ester that is dimethyl phosphonate in which the hydrogen atom attched to the phosphorous is substituted by a 2,2,2-trichloro-1-hydroxyethyl group.	1.96	1	0	organic phosphonate; organochlorine compound; phosphonic ester	agrochemical; anthelminthic drug; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; insecticide
phenylalanine Phenylalanine: An essential aromatic amino acid that is a precursor of MELANIN; DOPAMINE; noradrenalin (NOREPINEPHRINE), and THYROXINE.. L-phenylalanine : The L-enantiomer of phenylalanine.. phenylalanine : An aromatic amino acid that is alanine in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.6	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; phenylalanine; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone: monomer of POVIDONE; structure given in first source	2.77	3	0	pyrrolidin-2-ones
framycetin Framycetin: A component of NEOMYCIN that is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. On hydrolysis it yields neamine and neobiosamine B. (From Merck Index, 11th ed). framycetin : A tetracyclic antibacterial agent derived from neomycin, being a glycoside ester of neamine and neobiosamine B.	2.07	1	0	aminoglycoside	allergen; antibacterial drug; Escherichia coli metabolite
thiazoles [no description available]	3.36	6	0	1,3-thiazoles; mancude organic heteromonocyclic parent; monocyclic heteroarene
disophenol disophenol: structure	6.96	1	0	4-nitrophenols
aminoacetonitrile Aminoacetonitrile: Cyanomethylamine.	2.13	1	0
lucanthone hydrochloride Schistosomicides: Agents that act systemically to kill adult schistosomes.	2.41	2	0
diphenylamine Diphenylamine: In humans it may be irritating to mucous membranes. Methemoglobinemia has been produced experimentally. In veterinary use, it is one of active ingredients in topical agents for prevention and treatment of screwworm infestation. An indicator in tests for nitrate poisoning.. diphenylamine : An aromatic amine containing two phenyl substituents. It has been used as a fungicide for the treatment of superficial scald in apples and pears, but is no longer approved for this purpose within the European Union.	1.96	1	0	aromatic amine; bridged diphenyl fungicide; secondary amino compound	antifungal agrochemical; antioxidant; carotogenesis inhibitor; EC 1.3.99.29 [phytoene desaturase (zeta-carotene-forming)] inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.13	1	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
silver Silver: An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.	7.31	1	0	copper group element atom; elemental silver	Escherichia coli metabolite
melarsonic acid melarsonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.97	1	0
levamisole Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6). levamisole : A 6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole that has S configuration. It is used (generally as the monohydrochloride salt) to treat parasitic worm infections in pigs, sheep and cattle and was formerly used in humans as an adjuvant to chemotherapy for the treatment of various cancers. It is also widely used as an adulterant to coccaine.	4.86	8	1	6-phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole	antinematodal drug; antirheumatic drug; EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor; immunological adjuvant; immunomodulator
benzonidazole benzonidazole: used in treatment of Chagas' disease. benznidazole : A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)acetic acid with the aromatic amino group of benzylamine. Used for treatment of Chagas disease.	2.15	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid amide	antiprotozoal drug
amoscanate amoscanate: structure; RN given refers to parent cpd. amoscanate : An isothiocyanate that is phenyl isothiocyanate in which the hydrogen at the para- position has been replaced by a 4-nitroanilinyl group.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; isothiocyanate; secondary amino compound	schistosomicide drug
paclitaxel Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).	3.13	4	0	taxane diterpenoid; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antineoplastic agent; human metabolite; metabolite; microtubule-stabilising agent
oxfendazole [no description available]	4.1	3	1	benzimidazoles; carbamate ester; sulfoxide	antinematodal drug
nitazoxanide nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	3.16	4	0	benzamides; carboxylic ester
5-hydroxymebendazole 5-hydroxymebendazole: structure in first source	1.96	1	0
adefovir adefovir: inhibitor of African swine fever virus. adefovir(1-) : A organophosphonate oxoanion obtained by removal of a proton from the phosphonate group of adefovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is the major microspecies at pH 7.3 (according to Marvin v 6.2.0.).. adefovir : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is methylphosphonic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by a 2-(6-amino-9H-purin-9-yl)ethoxy group. An inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, the bis(t-butoxycarbonyloxymethyl) ester (dipivoxil ester) prodrug is used to treat chronic hepatitis B viral infection.	2.11	1	0	6-aminopurines; ether; phosphonic acids	antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; drug metabolite; HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor; nephrotoxic agent
topotecan Topotecan: An antineoplastic agent used to treat ovarian cancer. It works by inhibiting DNA TOPOISOMERASES, TYPE I.. topotecan : A pyranoindolizinoquinoline used as an antineoplastic agent. It is a derivative of camptothecin and works by binding to the topoisomerase I-DNA complex and preventing religation of these 328 single strand breaks.	2.07	1	0	pyranoindolizinoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor
doxazosin mesylate Cardura: Trade name in United States.	2.15	1	0	methanesulfonate salt	geroprotector
allicin [no description available]	3.45	1	1	botanical anti-fungal agent; sulfoxide	antibacterial agent
albendazole sulfoxide albendazole sulfoxide: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure given in first source	2.78	3	0	sulfoxide
fulvestrant Fulvestrant: An estradiol derivative and estrogen receptor antagonist that is used for the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.. fulvestrant : A 3-hydroxy steroid that is 17beta-estradiol in which the 7alpha hydrogen has been replaced by a nonyl group in which one of the hydrogens of the terminal methyl has been replaced by a (4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl group. An estrogen receptor antagonist, it is used in the treatment of breast cancer.	2.07	1	0	17beta-hydroxy steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	antineoplastic agent; estrogen antagonist; estrogen receptor antagonist
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate: structure given in first source	2.13	1	0
paromomycin Paromomycin: An aminoglycoside antibacterial and antiprotozoal agent produced by species of STREPTOMYCES.. paromomycin : An amino cyclitol glycoside that is the 1-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside) and the 3-O-(2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-beta-L-idopyranosyl)-beta-D-ribofuranoside of 4,6-diamino-2,3-dihydroxycyclohexane (the 1R,2R,3S,4R,6S diastereoisomer). It is obtained from various Streptomyces species. A broad-spectrum antibiotic, it is used (generally as the sulfate salt) for the treatment of acute and chronic intestinal protozoal infections, but is not effective for extraintestinal protozoal infections. It is also used as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis.	6.96	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside; aminoglycoside antibiotic	anthelminthic drug; antibacterial drug; antiparasitic agent; antiprotozoal drug
Harringtonine harringtonin: alkaloid C from Caphalotaxus fortunei	6.98	1	0	alkaloid
wortmannin [no description available]	3.27	1	0	acetate ester; cyclic ketone; delta-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound	anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; autophagy inhibitor; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; geroprotector; Penicillium metabolite; radiosensitizing agent
povidone-iodine Povidone-Iodine: An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.	2.02	1	0
glycogen glycogen : A polydisperse, highly branched glucan composed of chains of D-glucopyranose residues in alpha(1->4) glycosidic linkage, joined together by alpha(1->6) glycosidic linkages. A small number of alpha(1->3) glycosidic linkages and some cumulative alpha(1->6) links also may occur. The branches in glycogen typically contain 8 to 12 glucose residues.	2.05	1	0
epiglucan epiglucan: a highly side-chain/branched alkali-insoluble cell wall glucan from fungus such as Epicoccum nigrum, Botrytis cinerea, ascomycetes & basidiomycetes; also isolated S-4001 from Lei Wan (polyporus mylitiae), HA-beta-glucan from mushroom Pleutotus ostreatus (Fr.) Quel., and translam from seaweed Laminaria cichorioides; with commercially important functional properties including emulsification and friction reduction.	2.02	1	0
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	3.16	5	0	cyclodextrin
cefsulodin sodium [no description available]	2.15	1	0	organic molecular entity
crotamiton [no description available]	1.96	1	0
pyrantel Pyrantel: A depolarizing neuromuscular-blocking agent, that causes persistent nicotinic activation resulting in spastic paralysis of susceptible nematodes. It is a drug of second-choice after benzimidazoles for treatment of ascariasis, hookworm, and pinworm infections, being effective after a single dose. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, p920). pyrantel : A carboxamidine that is 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine that is substituted at position 1 by a methyl group and at position 2 by an (E)-2-(2-thienyl)vinyl group. It is used, particularly as the embonate [4,4'-methylenebis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate)] salt, as an anthelmintic that is effective against intestinal nematodes including threadworms, roundworms and hookworms, and is included in the WHO 'Model List of Essential Medicines'.	9.47	5	1	1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidines; carboxamidine; thiophenes	antinematodal drug
meclonazepam [no description available]	1.96	1	0
cgp 20376 [no description available]	2.04	1	0
pyrantel pamoate Pyrantel Pamoate: Broad spectrum antinematodal anthelmintic used also in veterinary medicine.	1.98	1	0	organic molecular entity
aluminum Aluminum: A metallic element that has the atomic number 13, atomic symbol Al, and atomic weight 26.98.	7.6	1	0	boron group element atom; elemental aluminium; metal atom
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	1.97	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
sulfur Sulfur: An element that is a member of the chalcogen family. It has an atomic symbol S, atomic number 16, and atomic weight [32.059; 32.076]. It is found in the amino acids cysteine and methionine.	1.96	1	0	chalcogen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
nifurtimox Nifurtimox: A nitrofuran thiazine that has been used against TRYPANOSOMIASIS.	2.15	1	0	nitrofuran antibiotic
bay 44-4400 Bay 44-4400: a semisynthetic derivative of anthelminitic cyclodepsipeptide; PF1022A. emodepside : A cyclooctadepsipeptide consisting of D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, D-lactoyl, N-methyl-L-leucyl, 3-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-D-lactoyl, and N-methyl-L-leucyl residues joined in sequence to give a 24-membered macrocycle. An anthelmintic, it is used with praziquantel for the treatment and control of hookworm, roundworm and tapeworm infections in cats.	2.04	1	0	cyclooctadepsipeptide; semisynthetic derivative	antinematodal drug
lenvatinib lenvatinib : A member of the class of quinolines that is the carboxamide of 4-{3-chloro-4-[(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)amino]phenoxy}-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxylic acid. A multi-kinase inhibitor and orphan drug used (as its mesylate salt) for the treatment of various types of thyroid cancer that do not respond to radioiodine.	7.6	1	0	aromatic amide; aromatic ether; cyclopropanes; monocarboxylic acid amide; monochlorobenzenes; phenylureas; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; fibroblast growth factor receptor antagonist; orphan drug; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	2.11	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
pi103 PI103: pyridofuropyrimidine antineoplastic; a potent inhibitor of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K); structure in first soruce	3.27	1	0	aromatic amine; morpholines; organic heterotricyclic compound; phenols; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor; mTOR inhibitor
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	stilbenoid
doramectin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	macrolide
dextrothyroxine [no description available]	6.41	12	1
cytochrome c-t Cytochromes c: Cytochromes of the c type that are found in eukaryotic MITOCHONDRIA. They serve as redox intermediates that accept electrons from MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX III and transfer them to MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT COMPLEX IV.	2.25	1	0
ku 0063794 Ku 0063794: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	benzyl alcohols; monomethoxybenzene; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
cefoperazone sodium [no description available]	2.15	1	0	organic molecular entity
(5-(2,4-bis((3s)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol (5-(2,4-bis((3S)-3-methylmorpholin-4-yl)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidin-7-yl)-2-methoxyphenyl)methanol: a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ATP-competitive mammalian target of rapamycin kinase inhibitor with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	benzyl alcohols; morpholines; pyridopyrimidine; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; mTOR inhibitor
4-[6-[4-(methoxycarbonylamino)phenyl]-4-(4-morpholinyl)-1-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl]-1-piperidinecarboxylic acid methyl ester WYE-354: an mTOR inhibitor; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	carbamate ester
monepantel monepantel: Anthelmintic; effective gainst fourth stage gastro-intestinal nematode larvae infecting sheep. monepantel : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of p-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfanyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of (2S)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding 5-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl ether. A broad-spectrum nematicide, it is used to control gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep and goats.	2.13	1	0	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; aryl sulfide; nitrile; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; nematicide
mrt67307 MRT67307: IKK (IκB(inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)) kinase) family inhibitor; structure in first source	3.27	1	0	aromatic amine
pki 587 gedatolisib: inhibits both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mTOR; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
tylosin [no description available]	2.48	2	0
torin 1 torin 1 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is 9-(quinolin-3-yl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one bearing an additional 4-(4-propionylpiperazin-1-yl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent at position 1. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	3.27	1	0	N-acylpiperazine; N-arylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; pyridoquinoline; quinolines	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
spautin-1 [no description available]	3.27	1	0
methylcellulose Methylcellulose: Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.	7.59	2	0
torin 2 torin 2 : A member of the class of pyridoquinolines that is benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2-one carrying additional 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl and 6-aminopyridin-3-yl substituents at positions 1 and 9 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	3.27	1	0	aminopyridine; organofluorine compound; primary amino compound; pyridoquinoline	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor
a 769662 [no description available]	3.27	1	0	biphenyls
transforming growth factor beta Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.	2.17	1	0
pyrethrins [no description available]	1.96	1	0
sar405 SAR405: a Vps34 inhibitor with antineoplastic activity; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
nitrophenols Nitrophenols: PHENOLS carrying nitro group substituents.	1.96	1	0
sbi-0206965 SBI-0206965: inhibits ULK1 kinase; structure in first source	3.27	1	0
moxidectin moxidectin: family of macrolide antibiotics with insecticidal & acaricidal activity	2.38	2	0
selamectin selamectin: a broad-spectrum endectocide; structure in first source	3.39	1	1
orabase Orabase: used in therapy of oral mucosal ulcers	4.38	4	1
febantel febantel: structure	2.42	2	0	aryl sulfide
pp242 torkinib : A member of the class of pyrazolopyrimidines that is 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine substituted by isopropyl, 5-hydroxyindol-2-yl and amino groups at positions 1, 3 and 4 respectively. It is a potent inhibitor of mTOR and exhibits anti-cancer properties.	3.27	1	0	aromatic amine; biaryl; hydroxyindoles; phenols; primary amino compound; pyrazolopyrimidine	antineoplastic agent; mTOR inhibitor

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Hepatitis B Virus Infection [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Hepatitis B INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the ORTHOHEPADNAVIRUS genus, HEPATITIS B VIRUS. It is primarily transmitted by parenteral exposure, such as transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products, but can also be transmitted via sexual or intimate personal contact.	0	2.11	1	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	2.13	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	3.81	10	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	4.15	2	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	4.15	2	0
Co-infection [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Elaeophoriasis [description not available]	0	4.18	17	0
Grippe [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Filariasis Infections with nematodes of the superfamily FILARIOIDEA. The presence of living worms in the body is mainly asymptomatic but the death of adult worms leads to granulomatous inflammation and permanent fibrosis. Organisms of the genus Elaeophora infect wild elk and domestic sheep causing ischemic necrosis of the brain, blindness, and dermatosis of the face.	0	9.18	17	0
Influenza, Human An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.	0	2.31	1	0
ER-Negative PR-Negative HER2-Negative Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.72	2	0
Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms Breast neoplasms that do not express ESTROGEN RECEPTORS; PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS; and do not overexpress the NEU RECEPTOR/HER-2 PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN.	0	2.72	2	0
Coenuri Infection [description not available]	0	2.92	4	0
Cysticercosis Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.	0	7.92	4	0
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	0	2.6	1	0
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	0	7.6	1	0
Hepatocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	0	7.6	1	0
Cancer of Liver [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.	0	2.6	1	0
Liver Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.	0	2.6	1	0
Onchocerciasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.	0	7.33	8	2
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	3.17	4	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	2.6	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	3.17	4	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	0	2.6	1	0
Breast Cancer [description not available]	0	2.86	3	0
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	0	2.86	3	0
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	0	2.63	2	0
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	0	2.63	2	0
Androgen-Independent Prostatic Cancer [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.	0	2.31	1	0
Dry Macular Degeneration [description not available]	0	2.31	1	0
Geographic Atrophy A form of MACULAR DEGENERATION also known as dry macular degeneration marked by occurrence of a well-defined progressive lesion or atrophy in the central part of the RETINA called the MACULA LUTEA. It is distinguishable from WET MACULAR DEGENERATION in that the latter involves neovascular exudates.	0	2.31	1	0
Ascariasis Infection by nematodes of the genus ASCARIS. Ingestion of infective eggs causes diarrhea and pneumonitis. Its distribution is more prevalent in areas of poor sanitation and where human feces are used for fertilizer.	0	5.06	10	1
Swine Diseases Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.	0	5.38	14	1
Loa loa Filariasis [description not available]	0	2.59	2	0
Loiasis A parasitic infection caused by the nematode Loa loa. The vector in the transmission of this infection is the horsefly (Tabanus) or the deerfly or mango fly (Chrysops). The larvae may be seen just beneath the skin or passing through the conjunctiva. Eye lesions are not uncommon. The disease is generally mild and painless.	0	2.59	2	0
Cancer of Colon [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Colonic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the COLON.	0	2.17	1	0
Ovine Diseases [description not available]	0	6.04	10	3
Haemonchiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus HAEMONCHUS, characterized by digestive abnormalities and anemia similar to that from hookworm infestation.	0	4.37	4	1
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	0	2.17	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	0	2.17	1	0
Cystic Echinococcosis [description not available]	0	6.54	18	1
Bancroftian Elephantiasis [description not available]	0	4.3	7	0
Elephantiasis, Filarial Parasitic infestation of the human lymphatic system by WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI or BRUGIA MALAYI. It is also called lymphatic filariasis.	0	4.3	7	0
Cholera Infantum [description not available]	0	3.34	2	0
Injuries, Spinal Cord [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Spinal Cord Injuries Penetrating and non-penetrating injuries to the spinal cord resulting from traumatic external forces (e.g., WOUNDS, GUNSHOT; WHIPLASH INJURIES; etc.).	0	2.21	1	0
Metastase [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Angiogenesis, Pathologic [description not available]	0	2.21	1	0
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	0	2.21	1	0
Weight Reduction [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Colicky Pain [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Enterobiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.	0	2.08	1	0
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the INTESTINES with PARASITES, commonly involving PARASITIC WORMS. Infections with roundworms (NEMATODE INFECTIONS) and tapeworms (CESTODE INFECTIONS) are also known as HELMINTHIASIS.	0	4.4	8	0
Cecal Diseases Pathological developments in the CECUM.	0	2.08	1	0
Asthenia Clinical sign or symptom manifested as debility, or lack or loss of strength and energy.	0	2.08	1	0
Weight Loss Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT.	0	2.08	1	0
Abdominal Pain Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.	0	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Cancer of Intestines [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	0	2.08	1	0
Intestinal Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.	0	2.08	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	0	2.41	2	0
Monieziasis Infection of ruminants with tapeworms of the genus Moniezia.	0	2.46	2	0
Neuroblastoma A common neoplasm of early childhood arising from neural crest cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and characterized by diverse clinical behavior, ranging from spontaneous remission to rapid metastatic progression and death. This tumor is the most common intraabdominal malignancy of childhood, but it may also arise from thorax, neck, or rarely occur in the central nervous system. Histologic features include uniform round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei arranged in nests and separated by fibrovascular septa. Neuroblastomas may be associated with the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. (From DeVita et al., Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 5th ed, pp2099-2101; Curr Opin Oncol 1998 Jan;10(1):43-51)	0	7.11	1	0
Abnormalities, Autosome [description not available]	0	2.43	2	0
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia [description not available]	0	2.11	1	0
Alzheimer Disease A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	0	2.11	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	0	5.73	5	4
Ascaridiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus ASCARIDIA. This condition usually occurs in fowl, often manifesting diarrhea.	0	5.42	5	3
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	2.71	3	0
Parasitic Diseases, Animal Animal diseases caused by PARASITES.	0	2.04	1	0
Leucocythaemia [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Leukemia A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)	0	7.05	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	0	2.05	1	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	0	3.43	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	0	4.08	3	1
Infections, Nematode [description not available]	0	5.93	14	2
Allergy, Drug [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Clonorchiasis Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)	0	2.39	2	0
Drug Hypersensitivity Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.	0	2.06	1	0
Hymenolepiasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Hymenolepis.	0	2.67	3	0
Avian Diseases [description not available]	0	2.07	1	0
Trichostrongylosis Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.	0	2.4	2	0
Human Trichinellosis [description not available]	0	9.77	7	1
Trichinellosis An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.	0	9.77	7	1
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Disease, Pulmonary [description not available]	0	2.08	1	0
Alveolar Echinococcosis, Hepatic [description not available]	0	5.52	6	1
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	0	2.08	1	0
Lung Diseases Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.	0	2.08	1	0
Abnormalities, Multiple Congenital abnormalities that affect more than one organ or body structure.	0	2.41	2	0
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.	0	2.41	2	0
Toxocariasis Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.	0	7.91	4	0
Granulomas [description not available]	0	2.41	2	0
Schistosoma mansoni Infection [description not available]	0	7.41	2	0
Granuloma A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.	0	2.41	2	0
Schistosomiasis mansoni Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni. It is endemic in Africa, the Middle East, South America, and the Caribbean and affects mainly the bowel, spleen, and liver.	0	2.41	2	0
Canine Diseases [description not available]	0	4.28	4	1
Trichocephaliasis [description not available]	0	6.62	11	2
Trichuriasis Infection with nematodes of the genus TRICHURIS, formerly called Trichocephalus.	0	11.62	11	2
Anaphylactic Reaction [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Allergic Conjunctivitis [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Eosinophilia, Tropical [description not available]	0	2.02	1	0
Anaphylaxis An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.	0	2.02	1	0
Conjunctivitis, Allergic Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.	0	2.02	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	2.02	1	0
Eosinophilia Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.	0	2.02	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	3.42	1	1
Bunostomiasis [description not available]	0	4.04	3	1
Infections, Taenia [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Hookworm Infections Infection of humans or animals with hookworms other than those caused by the genus Ancylostoma or Necator, for which the specific terms ANCYLOSTOMIASIS and NECATORIASIS are available.	0	4.04	3	1
Taeniasis Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.	0	1.96	1	0
Lymphatic Diseases Diseases of LYMPH; LYMPH NODES; or LYMPHATIC VESSELS.	0	4.26	1	1
Itching [description not available]	0	4.68	2	1
Pruritus An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.	0	4.68	2	1
Cardiomyopathies, Primary [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Pleuropericarditis Inflammation of both the PERICARDIUM and the PLEURA.	0	1.96	1	0
Cardiomyopathies A group of diseases in which the dominant feature is the involvement of the CARDIAC MUSCLE itself. Cardiomyopathies are classified according to their predominant pathophysiological features (DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY; HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY; RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY) or their etiological/pathological factors (CARDIOMYOPATHY, ALCOHOLIC; ENDOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS).	0	1.96	1	0
Pericarditis Inflammation of the PERICARDIUM from various origins, such as infection, neoplasm, autoimmune process, injuries, or drug-induced. Pericarditis usually leads to PERICARDIAL EFFUSION, or CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS.	0	1.96	1	0
Emesis [description not available]	0	3.35	1	1
Diarrhea An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.	0	3.35	1	1
Vomiting The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.	0	3.35	1	1
Angiostrongylus Infections [description not available]	0	2.66	3	0
Opisthorchis felineus Infection [description not available]	0	2.36	2	0
Opisthorchiasis Infection with flukes of the genus Opisthorchis.	0	2.36	2	0
Brain Disorders [description not available]	0	3.29	2	0
Brain Diseases Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.	0	3.29	2	0
Infections, Nematomorpha [description not available]	0	2.65	3	0
Helminthiasis Infestation with parasitic worms of the helminth class.	1	4.65	3	0
Dirofilariasis Infection with nematodes of the genus DIROFILARIA, usually in animals, especially dogs, but occasionally in man.	0	1.96	1	0
Femoral Fractures Fractures of the femur.	0	1.96	1	0
Femur Neck Fractures [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Cardiovascular Stroke [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Femoral Neck Fractures Fractures of the short, constricted portion of the thigh bone between the femur head and the trochanters. It excludes intertrochanteric fractures which are HIP FRACTURES.	0	1.96	1	0
Myocardial Infarction NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).	0	1.96	1	0
Cyst, Pulmonary Hydatid [description not available]	0	3.75	2	0
Trichostrongyloidiasis Infection by roundworms of the superfamily TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA, including the genera TRICHOSTRONGYLUS; OSTERTAGIA; Cooperia, HAEMONCHUS; Nematodirus, Hyostrongylus, and DICTYOCAULUS.	0	1.96	1	0
Rodent Diseases Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).	0	1.95	1	0
Dipetalonema Infections Infections with nematodes of the genus DIPETALONEMA.	0	2.37	2	0
Splenic Diseases Diseases involving the SPLEEN.	0	1.96	1	0
Ancylostomiasis Infection of humans or animals with hookworms of the genus ANCYLOSTOMA. Characteristics include anemia, dyspepsia, eosinophilia, and abdominal swelling.	0	2.66	3	0
Aspiculariasis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Creeping Eruption [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Polyploid [description not available]	0	1.98	1	0
Ascaridida Infections Infections with nematodes of the order ASCARIDIDA.	0	1.98	1	0
Oesophagostomiasis Infection of the intestinal tract with worms of the genus OESOPHAGOSTOMUM. This condition occurs mainly in animals other than man.	0	2.4	2	0
Acute Lymphoid Leukemia [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Opportunistic Infections An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.	0	1.99	1	0
Anguilluliasis [description not available]	0	1.99	1	0
Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell Group of disorders which feature accumulations of active HISTIOCYTES and LYMPHOCYTES, but where the histiocytes are not LANGERHANS CELLS. The group includes HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS; SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS; xanthogranuloma; reticulohistiocytoma; JUVENILE XANTHOGRANULOMA; xanthoma disseminatum; as well as the lipid storage diseases (SEA-BLUE HISTIOCYTE SYNDROME; and NIEMANN-PICK DISEASES).	0	1.99	1	0
Strongyloidiasis Infection with nematodes of the genus STRONGYLOIDES. The presence of larvae may produce pneumonitis and the presence of adult worms in the intestine could lead to moderate to severe diarrhea.	0	1.99	1	0
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.	0	1.99	1	0
Cat Diseases Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.	0	3.77	2	1
Mange, Sarcoptic [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Scabies A contagious cutaneous inflammation caused by the bite of the mite SARCOPTES SCABIEI. It is characterized by pruritic papular eruptions and burrows and affects primarily the axillae, elbows, wrists, and genitalia, although it can spread to cover the entire body.	0	1.96	1	0
Lung Diseases, Parasitic Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).	0	1.97	1	0
Recrudescence [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Conus Medullaris Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.88	1	0
Congenital Familial Lymphedema [description not available]	0	2.37	2	0
Lymphedema Edema due to obstruction of lymph vessels or disorders of the lymph nodes.	0	2.37	2	0
Fetal Resorption The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).	0	1.97	1	0
Bertielliasis [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0

flubendazole

Description

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Overview

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Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

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Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

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Studies (242)

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Research Demand Index: 46.50

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flubendazole

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (115)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Effects

Actions

Treatment

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Roles (2)

Drug Classes (4)

Protein Targets (7)

Potency Measurements

Biological Processes (30)

Molecular Functions (5)

Ceullar Components (2)

Bioassays (98)

Research

Studies (242)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 46.50

Study Types

Related Drugs (99)

Related Conditions (176)