musk xylene : A C-nitro compound that is m-xylene bearing three nitro substituents at positions 2, 4 and 6 as well as a tert-butyl group at position 5. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 62329 |
| CHEMBL ID | 228513 |
| CHEBI ID | 77320 |
| SCHEMBL ID | 273394 |
| MeSH ID | M0098786 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 2,4,6-trinitro-3,5-dimethyl-tert-butylbenzene |
| benzene, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro- |
| m-xylene, 5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro- |
| 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene |
| 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene |
| ccris 2391 |
| ai3-09017 |
| 2,4,6-trinitro-3,5-dimethyl-1-tert-butylbenzene |
| brn 2015910 |
| 5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene |
| un2956 |
| nsc 59844 |
| einecs 201-329-4 |
| benzene, 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro- |
| 5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitroxylene |
| 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene |
| nsc-59844 |
| 2,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene |
| xylene musk |
| musk xylol |
| 2,6-trinitro-3,5-dimethyl-tert-butylbenzene |
| 81-15-2 |
| musk xylene |
| benzene,1-dimethylethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro- |
| benzene,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro- |
| nsc59844 |
| 2,4,6-trinitro-1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzene |
| chebi:77320 , |
| CHEMBL228513 |
| 1-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitro-benzene |
| A840054 |
| C19462 |
| tox21_302248 |
| dtxcid901405 |
| NCGC00255244-01 |
| dtxsid1021405 , |
| cas-81-15-2 |
| B1381 , |
| 4-05-00-01132 (beilstein handbook reference) |
| 5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene or musk xylene |
| 5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene or musk xylene [un2956] [flammable solid] |
| unii-1zao16gu5k |
| 2,4,6-trinitro-5-tert-butyl-m-xylene |
| 1zao16gu5k , |
| hsdb 7692 |
| AKOS015890367 |
| musk xylene [who-dd] |
| musk xylene [iarc] |
| moschus xylol |
| musk xylene [hsdb] |
| FT-0620779 |
| SCHEMBL273394 |
| 1-t-butyl-3,5-dimethyl-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene |
| XMWRWTSZNLOZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| 2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-t-butylbenzene |
| 5-t-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene |
| musk xylene 100 microg/ml in cyclohexane |
| musk xylene 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane |
| muskxylene;2,4,6-trinitro-1,3-dimethyl-5-tert-butylbenzene;2,4,6-trinitro-5-tert-butyl-1,3-xylene |
| Q425330 |
Musk xylene (MX) is a widely used synthetic nitro musk. Musk xylene causes liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Musk xylene (MX) is a widely used synthetic nitro musk. " | ( Musk xylene induces malignant transformation of human liver cell line L02 via repressing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Hu, T; Huang, L; Zhang, Y; Zhao, Y, 2017) | 3.34 |
| "Musk xylene (MX) is a common synthetic nitromusk fragrance. " | ( Time-dependent modulation of cyp1a gene transcription and EROD activity by musk xylene in PLHC-1 and RTG-2 fish cell lines. Corsi, I; Della Torre, C; Focardi, S; Monti, M, 2011) | 2.04 |
| "Musk xylene (MX) is a synthetic nitromusk perfume ingredient that, although uniformly negative in genotoxicity testing, causes liver tumors in B6C3F1 mice. " | ( Induction of mouse cytochrome P450 2B enzymes by amine metabolites of musk xylene: contribution of microsomal enzyme induction to the hepatocarcinogenicity of musk xylene. Caudill, D; Johnson, DR; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Stuard, SB, 1997) | 1.97 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Musk xylene treatment increased liver weight by 40%, caused hepatocellular hypertrophy and increased total cytochrome P-450 2-fold over control." | ( Musk xylene induces and inhibits mouse hepatic cytochrome P-450 2B enzymes. Caudill, D; Dierckman, TA; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Young, JA, 1995) | 2.46 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The LD50 of the chemical was considered to be more than 4000 mg/kg." | ( [Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of musk xylol in B6C3F1 mouse]. Hayashi, Y; Kurokawa, Y; Maekawa, A; Matsushima, Y; Onodera, H; Shibutani, M; Yoshida, J, 1990) | 0.28 |
| " Based on the results of these studies, none of the four fragrances tested were more toxic in the conceptuses than in the dams." | ( Developmental toxicity studies of four fragrances in rats. Api, AM; Christian, MS; Diener, RM; Hoberman, AM; Parker, RM, 1999) | 0.3 |
| "This study aims at developing a method for the determination of 9 synthetic musk compounds in seafood products by combining the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and determination by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-EI-MS)." | ( Synthetic musk in seafood products from south Europe using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe extraction method. Cavalheiro, J; Lanceleur, L; Monperrus, M; Saraiva, M, 2016) | 0.43 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " The percutaneous absorption rate of both chemicals was ∼11%." | ( In vitro determination of transdermal permeation of synthetic musks and estimated dermal uptake through usage of personal care products. Gu, Y; Li, X; Yu, Y; Zhang, X, 2017) | 0.46 |
Male B6C3F1 mice were dosed for 7 days at 0 or 200 mg musk xylene/kg after which microsomes were prepared. Repeated daily dosing for 14 days resulted in little bioaccumulation for musk Xylene and three-fold accumulation of musk ketone.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| " Male B6C3F1 mice were dosed for 7 days at 0 or 200 mg musk xylene/kg after which microsomes were prepared." | ( Musk xylene induces and inhibits mouse hepatic cytochrome P-450 2B enzymes. Caudill, D; Dierckman, TA; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Young, JA, 1995) | 1.98 |
| " The purpose of this work was to characterize the profile and dose-response relationship of microsomal enzyme induction following exposure to MX." | ( Induction and inhibition of mouse cytochrome P-450 2B enzymes by musk xylene. Caudill, D; Johnson, DR; Lehman-McKeeman, LD, 1997) | 0.53 |
| " To evaluate the ability of MK to induce cytochromes P450, mice were dosed daily by oral gavage at dosages ranging from 5 to 500 mg/ kg MK for 7 days." | ( Characterization of the effects of musk ketone on mouse hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Caudill, D; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Stuard, SB, 1997) | 0.3 |
| " A dosing regimen for the glycolic acid formulations that was tolerated by the hairless guinea pigs and significantly decreased stratum corneum turnover time was determined using the dansyl chloride staining technique." | ( The effects of an alpha hydroxy acid (glycolic acid) on hairless guinea pig skin permeability. Bronaugh, RL; Hood, HL; Kraeling, ME; Robl, MG, 1999) | 0.3 |
| " Repeated daily dosing for 14 days resulted in little bioaccumulation for musk xylene and accumulation of about three-fold for musk ketone." | ( Dermal absorption and disposition of musk ambrette, musk ketone and musk xylene in rats. Ford, RA; Hawkins, DR, 1999) | 0.77 |
| " Male F344 rats were dosed orally with MX (10, 50 or 200 mg/kg) or MK (20, 100 or 200 mg/kg) for 7 days, after which CYP1A, 2B and 3A enzyme activities and protein levels were determined." | ( Effects of musk xylene and musk ketone on rat hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Caudill, D; Lehman-McKeeman, LD; Madan, A; Parkinson, A; Pearce, RE; Vassallo, JD, 1999) | 0.69 |
| " Biotransformation, dose-response and toxicokinetics studies of 2-amino-MX (2-AMX), 2-amino-MK (2-AMK) and 4-amino-MX (4-AMX) metabolites, covalently bound to cysteine amino acids in proteins in fish liver, formed by enzymatic nitro-reduction of MX and MK, have been described." | ( Identification of bound nitro musk-protein adducts in fish liver by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: biotransformation, dose-response and toxicokinetics of nitro musk metabolites protein adducts in trout liver as biomarkers of exposure. Islam, MR; Mottaleb, MA; Osemwengie, LI; Sovocool, GW, 2012) | 0.38 |
| Role | Description |
|---|---|
| explosive | A substance capable of undergoing rapid and highly exothermic decomposition. |
| fragrance | A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell. |
| carcinogenic agent | A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities. |
| [role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Class | Description |
|---|---|
| C-nitro compound | A nitro compound having the nitro group (-NO2) attached to a carbon atom. |
| [compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res] | |
| Protein | Taxonomy | Measurement | Average (µ) | Min (ref.) | Avg (ref.) | Max (ref.) | Bioassay(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAR-related orphan receptor gamma | Mus musculus (house mouse) | Potency | 68.5896 | 0.0060 | 38.0041 | 19,952.5996 | AID1159521; AID1159523 |
| nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 35.3947 | 0.0010 | 22.6508 | 76.6163 | AID1224839; AID1224893 |
| progesterone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 24.3365 | 0.0004 | 17.9460 | 75.1148 | AID1346795 |
| retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 13.0502 | 0.0008 | 17.5051 | 59.3239 | AID1159527; AID1159531 |
| pregnane X nuclear receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 48.5577 | 0.0054 | 28.0263 | 1,258.9301 | AID1346982 |
| cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 68.5896 | 0.0017 | 23.8393 | 78.1014 | AID743083 |
| thyroid stimulating hormone receptor | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 63.1503 | 0.0016 | 28.0151 | 77.1139 | AID1224843; AID1224895 |
| thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2 | Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) | Potency | 68.5896 | 0.0003 | 23.4451 | 159.6830 | AID743065; AID743067 |
| Cellular tumor antigen p53 | Homo sapiens (human) | Potency | 34.3762 | 0.0023 | 19.5956 | 74.0614 | AID651631 |
| [prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | |||||||
| Assay ID | Title | Year | Journal | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AID289346 | Octanol-air partition coefficient, log KOA of the compound | 2007 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Jul-13, Volume: 317, Issue:5835 | Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. |
| AID289348 | Biomagnification factors in human | 2007 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Jul-13, Volume: 317, Issue:5835 | Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. |
| AID289347 | Biomagnification factors in Diporeia | 2007 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Jul-13, Volume: 317, Issue:5835 | Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. |
| AID289345 | Octanol-water partition coefficient, log KOW of the compound | 2007 | Science (New York, N.Y.), Jul-13, Volume: 317, Issue:5835 | Food web-specific biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants. |
| [information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||||
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 5 (5.49) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 38 (41.76) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 21 (23.08) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 25 (27.47) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 2 (2.20) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (37.33) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 2 (2.15%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 4 (4.30%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 1 (1.08%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 86 (92.47%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||