Compounds > geniposidic acid
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

geniposidic acid

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID443354
CHEMBL ID460031
CHEBI ID5301
SCHEMBL ID227010
MeSH IDM0164216

Synonyms (32)

Synonym
27741-01-1
geniposidic acid ,
CHEMBL460031 ,
chebi:5301 ,
cyclopenta(c)pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1s-(1alpha,4aalpha,7aalpha))-
cyclopenta(c)pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1s,4as,7as)-
AKOS015896744
SCHEMBL227010
HY-N0010
Q-100352
(1s,4as,7as)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yl)oxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
AB01559137_03
DTXSID40182091
AC-8846
(1s,4as,7as)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-{[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-1h,4ah,5h,7ah-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
AS-75051
bdbm50478834
premnosidic acid
geniposidic acid, >=98% (hplc)
mfcd00210294
NCGC00346663-03
geniposidinsaure
(1s,4as,7as)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-((2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2h-pyran-2-yloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid
Q5533206
S2413
BRD-K73771095-001-03-3
cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 1-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-7-(hydroxymethyl)-, (1s,4as,7as)-
geniposidic-acid
CCG-268347
(1r,2s,6s)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(2s,3r,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]nona-4,8-diene-5-carboxylic acid
A876868
(1s,4as,7as)-1-(beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid

Research Excerpts

Overview

Geniposidic acid (GA) is an iridoid glucoside isolated from Gardeniae jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Geniposidic acid (GPA) is an iridoid glucoside extracted from Gardeniae jasminoides Ellis and can treat inflammation-related diseases."( Geniposidic acid protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway
Fu, H; Zhu, H, 2022)		2.89
"Geniposidic acid (GPA) is a bioactive compound isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat arthritis, jaundice, and hypertension. "( Geniposidic acid attenuates DSS-induced colitis through inhibiting inflammation and regulating gut microbiota.
Chen, J; Jiang, P; Li, X; Zhang, Y, 2023)		3.8
"Geniposidic acid (GPA) is an extract from Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. "( Geniposidic acid ameliorates spatial learning and memory deficits and alleviates neuroinflammation via inhibiting HMGB-1 and downregulating TLR4/2 signaling pathway in APP/PS1 mice.
Hou, J; Hu, Y; Mo, Y; Qu, Z; Ren, M; Yang, G; Zhou, Z, 2020)		3.44
"Geniposidic acid (GA) is an iridoid glucoside isolated from Gardeniae jasminoides Ellis (Rubiaceae) that has long been used to treat inflammation, jaundice and hepatic disorders."( Geniposidic acid protects against D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic failure in mice.
Kim, KM; Kim, SJ; Kim, YS; Kwak, JH; Lee, SM; Park, J, 2013)		3.28

Pharmacokinetics

The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of geniposidic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of G.zhong tea extract to rats. The results indicated that this HPLC-MS/MS assay is a valuable method.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" Then this method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of geniposidic acid and aucubin after oral administration of Du-zhong tea extract to rats and the results indicated that this HPLC-MS/MS assay is a valuable method for the pharmacokinetic study of geniposidic acid and aucubin in rat plasma."( Development and validation of high liquid performance chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of geniposidic acid and aucubin in rat plasma for pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Du-zhong tea extract.
Liu, Y; Ma, YL; Zhang, L; Zu, YG, 2014)		0.84
" The proliferation rate of osteoblasts was taken as the pharmacodynamic index, and determined by MTT method to draw effect-time curve."( [Analysis on pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics correlation of effective ingredients of Qing'e wan].
Chen, ZP; Li, WD; Liu, L; Wang, H; Weng, ZB; Wu, L; Zhu, XY, 2016)		0.43

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To develop a quantitative models for simultaneous determination of pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) and geniposidic acid (GPA) in Eucommia ulmoides with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics."( [Rapid Determination of Pinoresinol Diglucoside and Geniposidic Acid in Eucommia ulmoides with Near Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Chemometrics Methods].
Li, FF; Liu, R; Liu, S; Peng, YZ; Xu, XB; Zi, W, 2016)		0.9

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The curves of time and residual quantities of GP and GPA (lnx) in the intestinal perfusion solution and the cumulative absorption rate were obtained."( Effects of fructus psoraleae extract on the intestinal absorption kinetics of geniposide and geniposidic acid in rat.
Gao, X; Han, L; Hou, X; Huang, Y; Huo, Y; Liu, E; Wang, L, 2014)		0.62
" AN could only be detected in the plasma and liver homogenate of normal mice, which was poorly absorbed in OVX mice and low in other measured tissues."( Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five active ingredients of Eucommiae cortex in normal and ovariectomized mice by UHPLC-MS/MS.
An, J; Hu, F; Wang, C; Wang, Z; Yang, L; Zhang, Z, 2016)		0.43
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)		0.51

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
" This result was achieved by exerting the levels of dosage in a dose-dependent manner."( Comparisons of geniposidic acid and geniposide on antitumor and radioprotection after sublethal irradiation.
Hsu, HY; Lin, CC; Lin, SY; Yang, JJ, 1997)		0.65
"To investigate the effects of geniposidic acid( GPA) on hepato-enteric circulation in cholestasis rats,and to explore the mechanism based on the sirtuin 1( Sirt1)-farnesol X receptor( FXR) pathway,sixty SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:blank control group,ANIT model group,ursodeoxycholic acid group( 100 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1 UDCA),and GPA high,medium and low( 100,50 and 25 mg·kg~(-1)·d-1) dosage groups,10 rats in each group."( [Effect of geniposidic acid on hepato-enteric circulation in cholestasis rats through Sirt1-FXR signaling pathway].
Chen, H; Hu, L; Li, J; Liu, HZ; Ma, ST; Yu, H; Zhao, W, 2019)		1.19
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
terpene glycosideA terpenoid in which one or more hydroxy functions are glycosylated.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)IC50 (µMol)62.16000.00303.10159.8000AID1867877
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xanthine catabolic processXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (9)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
xanthine dehydrogenase activityXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
xanthine oxidase activityXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
iron ion bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
molybdenum ion bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
protein homodimerization activityXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
molybdopterin cofactor bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
flavin adenine dinucleotide bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
FAD bindingXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (3)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
extracellular spaceXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
peroxisomeXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
xanthine dehydrogenase complexXanthine dehydrogenase/oxidaseBos taurus (cattle)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (54)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID579999Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in initial body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 25.9 +/- 0.38 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1850979Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID375988Antioxidant activity assessed as DPPH free radical scavenging activity relative to control2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Vanillic acid glycoside and quinic acid derivatives from Gardeniae Fructus.
AID735999Antiviral activity against EV71 infected in human RD cells assessed as cell survival rate at 1 to 2 mg/ml after 24 hrs by WST-1 assay2013European journal of medicinal chemistry, Apr, Volume: 62Inhibition of enterovirus 71 infections and viral IRES activity by Fructus gardeniae and geniposide.
AID1850990Displacement of thiazole orange from human 1BNA double stranded DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1251037Inhibition of COX1 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 35 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID334195Inhibition of classical complement pathway activation at 4 uM in presence of beta glucosidase by complement modulation test2003Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1
Complement-inhibiting iridoids from Morinda morindoides.
AID375991Antioxidant activity assessed as inhibition of 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride-induced lipid peroxidation at 3.125 ug/ml by ferric thiocyanate system relative to control2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Vanillic acid glycoside and quinic acid derivatives from Gardeniae Fructus.
AID1850977Binding affinity to human 1BNA double stranded DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID375992Inhibition of HIV1 recombinant integrase expressed in Escherichia coli2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Vanillic acid glycoside and quinic acid derivatives from Gardeniae Fructus.
AID580002Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in food intake per day after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 5.51 +/- 0.20 g/day)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID358155Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation at 10 molar ratio after 48 hrs relative to TPA
AID358156Cytotoxicity against human Raji cells assessed as cell viability at 1000 molar ratio after 48 hrs by trypan blue assay
AID1251039Inhibition of COX2 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 10 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID357036Antioxidant activity assessed as radical scavenging activity in FMLP-stimulated human PMNC up to 30 uM by chemiluminescence assay2001Journal of natural products, Jul, Volume: 64, Issue:7
Flavonoid, iridoid, and lignan glycosides from Putoria calabrica.
AID375989Antioxidant activity assessed as superoxide anion scavenging activity by xanthine oxidase oxidation system relative to control2006Journal of natural products, Apr, Volume: 69, Issue:4
Vanillic acid glycoside and quinic acid derivatives from Gardeniae Fructus.
AID580121Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in respiratory quotients at 0.1 % after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1850972Binding affinity to human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID580004Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in plasma triglyceride level after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1251036Inhibition of COX1 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 10 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID1251040Inhibition of COX2 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 35 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID580001Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 9.50 +/- 0.68 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID580003Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as decrease in weight adipose tissue weight after 4 weeks relative to high-fat diet fed group2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID1850984Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850980Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850981Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850983Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850976Binding affinity to human ILPR i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 5.5 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850971Binding affinity to human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850975Binding affinity to human ILPR i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850974Binding affinity to human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 7.4 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1251038Inhibition of COX1 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 100 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID1850978Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric IKF1 G4 quadruplex DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850985Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR G4 quadruplex DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850988Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1867877Inhibition of bovine XOD assessed as inhibition of uric acid formation using xanthine as substrate preincubated with enzyme for 5 mins followed by substrate addition and measured for 30 mins by microplate reader analysis2022European journal of medicinal chemistry, Jul-05, Volume: 237Synthesis and biological evaluation of geniposide derivatives as inhibitors of hyperuricemia, inflammatory and fibrosis.
AID1850987Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID334194Inhibition of classical complement pathway activation at 4 uM assessed as complement modulation test2003Journal of natural products, Jan, Volume: 66, Issue:1
Complement-inhibiting iridoids from Morinda morindoides.
AID358153Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation at 500 molar ratio after 48 hrs relative to TPA
AID1850986Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1251041Inhibition of COX2 (unknown origin) assessed as PGH2 production at 100 uM by measuring PGH2alpha level by enzyme immunoassay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Oct-15, Volume: 25, Issue:20
In vitro COX-1 and COX-2 enzyme inhibitory activities of iridoids from Penstemon barbatus, Castilleja tenuiflora, Cresentia alata and Vitex mollis.
AID358152Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation at 1000 molar ratio after 48 hrs relative to TPA
AID1850973Binding affinity to human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA assessed as change in melting temperature at 20 uM at pH 5.5 by FRET assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID580000Antiobesity activity against high-fat diet fed ICR mouse assessed as change in final body weight after 4 weeks (high fat diet fed group = 35.5 +/- 0.68 g)2011Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Mar-15, Volume: 21, Issue:6
Anti-obesity compounds in green leaves of Eucommia ulmoides.
AID358154Inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-early antigen activation in human Raji cells assessed as EA activation at 100 molar ratio after 48 hrs relative to TPA
AID1850991Displacement of thiazole orange from human 1BNA double stranded DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 7.4 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850989Displacement of thiazole orange from human ILPR i-motif DNA at 100 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1850982Displacement of thiazole orange from human telomeric 1ELN i-motif DNA at 10 equiv. at pH 5.5 by fluorescent intercalator displacement assay2022Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 10-01, Volume: 73Identification of sugar-containing natural products that interact with i-motif DNA.
AID1346986P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1296008Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening2020SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1
Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1347160Primary screen NINDS Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1346987P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen2019Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5
A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347159Primary screen GU Rhodamine qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors: Unlinked NS2B-NS3 protease assay2020Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49
Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347411qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary2020ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7
High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (65)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (1.54)18.7374
1990's8 (12.31)18.2507
2000's15 (23.08)29.6817
2010's26 (40.00)24.3611
2020's15 (23.08)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 28.53

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index28.53 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.22 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.56 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index34.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (28.53)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.99%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other65 (97.01%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
protocatechuic acid
protocatechuic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid in which the hydroxy groups are located at positions 3 and 4.		2.4720catechols;
dihydroxybenzoic acid		antineoplastic agent;
EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.14.11.2 (procollagen-proline dioxygenase) inhibitor;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
formaldehyde
paraform: polymerized formaldehyde; RN given refers to parent cpd; used in root canal therapy		2.110aldehyde;
one-carbon compound		allergen;
carcinogenic agent;
disinfectant;
EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.4120alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.1110aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
mitomycin
Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.. mitomycin : A family of aziridine-containing natural products isolated from Streptomyces caespitosus or Streptomyces lavendulae.		1.9910mitomycinalkylating agent;
antineoplastic agent
ficusin
Ficusin: A naturally occurring furocoumarin, found in PSORALEA. After photoactivation with UV radiation, it binds DNA via single and double-stranded cross-linking.. psoralen : The simplest member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromene having a keto group at position 7. It has been found in plants like Psoralea corylifolia and Ficus salicifolia.		2.1310psoralensplant metabolite
mannitol
[no description available]		210mannitolallergen;
antiglaucoma drug;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
food anticaking agent;
food bulking agent;
food humectant;
food stabiliser;
food thickening agent;
hapten;
metabolite;
osmotic diuretic;
sweetening agent
angelicin
angelicin: used as tranquillizer; sedative; or anticonvulsant; structure		2.1310furanocoumarin
1-naphthylisothiocyanate
1-Naphthylisothiocyanate: A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage.		2.1310isothiocyanateinsecticide
lactulose
[no description available]		2.4110glycosylfructosegastrointestinal drug;
laxative
d-alpha tocopherol
Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.		2.0310alpha-tocopherolalgal metabolite;
antiatherogenic agent;
anticoagulant;
antioxidant;
antiviral agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
micronutrient;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite
galactosamine
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose : The pyranose form of D-galactosamine.. D-galactosamine : The D-stereoisomer of galactosamine.		7.0810D-galactosamine;
primary amino compound		toxin
chlorine
Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.		2.3110diatomic chlorine;
gas molecular entity		bleaching agent
tobramycin
Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.		2.4110amino cyclitol glycosideantibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
toxin
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		5.59230D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
baicalin
[no description available]		2.4110dihydroxyflavone;
glucosiduronic acid;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		antiatherosclerotic agent;
antibacterial agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
plant metabolite;
prodrug
cornin iridoid
cornin iridoid: structure		210terpene glycoside
asperuloside
asperuloside : A iridoid monoterpenoid glycoside isolated from Galium verum.		2.7130acetate ester;
beta-D-glucoside;
gamma-lactone;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
monosaccharide derivative		metabolite
loganin
[no description available]		2.7530beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
secondary alcohol		anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.2.1.20 (alpha-glucosidase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.23.46 (memapsin 2) inhibitor;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
loganic acid
loganic acid: structure. loganic acid : A cyclopentapyran that is 1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid substituted at positions 1, 6 and 7 by beta-D-glucosyloxy, hydroxy and methyl groups respectively		2.4420alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid;
cyclopentapyran;
glucoside		plant metabolite
aucubin
[no description available]		3.4370organic molecular entitymetabolite
catalpol
[no description available]		2.1110organic molecular entitymetabolite
syringaresinol
[no description available]		3.110aromatic ether;
furofuran;
lignan;
polyether;
polyphenol		plant metabolite
geniposide
[no description available]		4.24170terpene glycoside
daidzin
daidzin: a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. daidzein 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyisoflavone that is daidzein attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage. It is used in the treatment of alcohol dependency (antidipsotropic).		2.41107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxyisoflavone;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
pinoresinol diglucoside
pinoresinol diglucoside: major antihypertensive principle of Tu-Chung (Eucummia ulmoides, Oliver); structure		7.5520
6-o-veratroyl catalpol
[no description available]		2.1110
scopolin
[no description available]		2.0210beta-D-glucoside;
coumarins;
monosaccharide derivative		plant metabolite
ginsenoside rg1
[no description available]		2.111012beta-hydroxy steroid;
3beta-hydroxy-4,4-dimethylsteroid;
beta-D-glucoside;
ginsenoside;
tetracyclic triterpenoid		neuroprotective agent;
pro-angiogenic agent
agnuside
agnuside: isolated from Vitex peduncularis; structure in first source. agnuside : A benzoate ester resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with the primary hydroxy group of aucubin. It is an iridoid glycoside found in several Vitex plants including Vitex agnus-castus.		2.1110benzoate ester;
beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
iridoid monoterpenoid;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols;
terpene glycoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite;
pro-angiogenic agent
genipin
[no description available]		2.4420iridoid monoterpenoidanti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cross-linking reagent;
hepatotoxic agent;
uncoupling protein inhibitor
lignans
Lignans: A class of dibenzylbutane derivatives which occurs in higher plants and in fluids (bile, serum, urine, etc.) in man and other animals. These compounds, which have a potential anti-cancer role, can be synthesized in vitro by human fecal flora. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)		9.4460
resveratrol
trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.		2.0310resveratrolantioxidant;
phytoalexin;
plant metabolite;
quorum sensing inhibitor;
radical scavenger
iridoids
Iridoids: A type of MONOTERPENES, derived from geraniol. They have the general form of cyclopentanopyran, but in some cases, one of the rings is broken as in the case of secoiridoid. They are different from the similarly named iridals (TRITERPENES).		6.38300
gamma-sitosterol
clionasterol : A member of the class of phytosterols that is poriferast-5-ene carrying a beta-hydroxy substituent at position 3.		2103beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid;
3beta-sterol;
phytosterols		marine metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		2.9340
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.4520caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		8.6990cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
genipin 1-gentiobioside
genipin 1-gentiobioside: from Gardenia fructus (zhi-zi)		1.9710terpene glycoside
cytellin
cytellin: a phytosterol preparation of mainly B-sitosterol, that was marketed by Eli Lilly to lower cholesterol 1957 to 1982		210
ginsenosides
ginsenoside : Triterpenoid saponins with a dammarane-like skeleton originally isolated from ginseng (Panax) species. Use of the term has been extended to include semi-synthetic derivatives.		2.1110
crocin
crocin: a free radical scavenger		2.0110
quercetin
[no description available]		2.73307-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside
quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells		2.0310beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
rutin
Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.		2.5220disaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
gardenia yellow
gardenia yellow: extract of gardenia fruit; RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF. crocin-1 : A diester that is crocetin in which both of the carboxy groups have been converted to their gentiobiosyl esters. It is one of the water-soluble yellow-red pigments of saffron and is used as a spice for flavouring and colouring food. Note that in India, the term 'Crocin' is also used by GlaxoSmithKline as a brand-name for paracetamol.		2.0810diester;
disaccharide derivative;
diterpenoid		antioxidant;
food colouring;
histological dye;
plant metabolite
genistin
genistin: glycoside of soy bean isoflavone, gentistein		2.41107-hydroxyisoflavones 7-O-beta-D-glucoside
esculin
[no description available]		2.4110beta-D-glucoside;
hydroxycoumarin		antioxidant;
metabolite
hyperoside
quercetin 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside : A quercetin O-glycoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-galactosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Artemisia capillaris, it exhibits hepatoprotective activity.		2.1710beta-D-galactoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glycoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		hepatoprotective agent;
plant metabolite
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		2.0310organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
acteoside
acteoside: a protein kinase C inhibitor with hepatoprotective, anti-asthmatic, and analgesic activities; a phenylethanoid glycoside related to isoacteoside; from leaves of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae). acteoside : A glycoside that is the alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->3)-beta-D-glucoside of hydroxytyrosol in which the hydroxy group at position 4 of the glucopyranosyl moiety has undergone esterification by formal condensation with trans-caffeic acid.		2.4420catechols;
cinnamate ester;
disaccharide derivative;
glycoside;
polyphenol		anti-inflammatory agent;
antibacterial agent;
antileishmanial agent;
neuroprotective agent;
plant metabolite
astragalin
kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.		2.1710beta-D-glucoside;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite;
trypanocidal drug
isofraxidin
isofraxidin: also see fraxidin		3.110hydroxycoumarin
kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside
kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside: isolated from the methanolic extract of the whole plants of Diodia teres through repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography; structure in first source. kaempferol-3-rutinoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside that is kaempferol attached to a rutinosyl [6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucosyl] residue at position 3 via a glycosidic linkage. It has been isolated from the leaves of Solanum campaniforme.		2.0210disaccharide derivative;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
rutinoside;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger
8-hydroxygeraniol
8-hydroxygeraniol: isolated from Cistanche tubulosa. (6E)-8-hydroxygeraniol : A monoterpenoid that is geraniol bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 8.		210diol;
monoterpenoid;
prenols
4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[no description available]		2.0310quinic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.0310
asperulosidic acid
asperulosidic acid: from the fruit juice of Morinda citrifolia (noni), a plant originally grown in the Hawaiian and Tahitian islands, has long been used by islanders to treat diseases, including cancer; structure in first source		2.4220glycoside;
iridoid monoterpenoid
dihydroconiferyl alcohol glucoside
dihydroconiferyl alcohol glucoside : A primary alcohol that is dihydroconiferyl alcohol attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 1 via a glycosidic linkage.		210beta-D-glucoside;
monomethoxybenzene;
monosaccharide derivative;
primary alcohol		plant metabolite
exendin (9-39)
exendin (9-39): a peptide from the venom of the lizard Heloderma suspectum; inhibits glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induced cAMP production; its structure is related to exendin-4		2.110
pinoresinol
pinoresinol: in plants; a furo[3,4-c]furan created from dimer of coniferyl alcohol. pinoresinol : A lignan that is tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo[3,4-c]furan substituted at positions 1 and 4 by 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl groups.		2.1310
chitosan
[no description available]		7.0310
exenatide
Exenatide: A synthetic form of exendin-4, a 39-amino acid peptide isolated from the venom of the Gila monster lizard (Heloderma suspectum). Exenatide increases CYCLIC AMP levels in pancreatic acinar cells and acts as a GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 RECEPTOR (GLP-1) agonist and incretin mimetic, enhancing insulin secretion in response to increased glucose levels; it also suppresses inappropriate glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying. It is used an anti-diabetic and anti-obesity agent.		2.110
gardenoside
gardenoside: structure given in first source; RN given refers to 1S(1alpha,4alpha,7alpha,7aalpha)-isomer. gardenoside : A cyclopentapyran that is 7-deoxyloganin with a methyl and hydrogen replaced by hydroxy and hydroxymethyl groups at position 7.		7.6930beta-D-glucoside;
cyclopentapyran;
enoate ester;
methyl ester;
monosaccharide derivative;
tertiary alcohol		metabolite
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.0310ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
warfarin
Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.		3.5120benzenes;
hydroxycoumarin;
methyl ketone
catalpol
catalpol: component of dihuang; RN given refers to (1aS-(1aalpha,1bbeta,2beta,5abeta,6beta,6aalpha))-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/92		2.4420
muramidase
Muramidase: A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.		2.0310
allopurinol
Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.. allopurinol : A bicyclic structure comprising a pyrazole ring fused to a hydroxy-substituted pyrimidine ring.		2.4110nucleobase analogue;
organic heterobicyclic compound		antimetabolite;
EC 1.17.3.2 (xanthine oxidase) inhibitor;
gout suppressant;
radical scavenger
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Extravascular Hemolysis
[description not available]		02.0110
Hemolysis
The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.		02.0110
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.9540
Enterovirus Infections
Diseases caused by ENTEROVIRUS.		02.0810
Congenital Zika Syndrome
[description not available]		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.5770
Zika Virus Infection
A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.		02.2510
Cirrhosis
[description not available]		02.4110
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.920
Fibrosis
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.		02.4110
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		07.920
Kidney Diseases
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.		02.4110
Hyperuricemia
Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.		02.4110
Acute Confusional Senile Dementia
[description not available]		02.7220
Alzheimer Disease
A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)		02.7220
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.4110
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		07.4110
Insulin Sensitivity
[description not available]		03.5210
Insulin Resistance
Diminished effectiveness of INSULIN in lowering blood sugar levels: requiring the use of 200 units or more of insulin per day to prevent HYPERGLYCEMIA or KETOSIS.		03.5210
Colitis
Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.		07.610
Liver Steatosis
[description not available]		02.2110
Fatty Liver
Lipid infiltration of the hepatic parenchymal cells resulting in a yellow-colored liver. The abnormal lipid accumulation is usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES, either as a single large droplet or multiple small droplets. Fatty liver is caused by an imbalance in the metabolism of FATTY ACIDS.		02.2110
Age-Related Memory Disorders
[description not available]		02.2510
Memory Disorders
Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.		02.2510
Hyperlipemia
[description not available]		02.3110
Hyperlipidemias
Conditions with excess LIPIDS in the blood.		02.3110
Obesity
A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).		02.3110
Bile Duct Obstruction
[description not available]		02.6120
Cholestasis
Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).		02.6120
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.4820
Atherogenesis
[description not available]		02.1110
Atherosclerosis
A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.		02.1110
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		02.1110
Acute Liver Injury, Drug-Induced
[description not available]		02.1310
Bile Duct Obstruction, Intrahepatic
[description not available]		02.1310
Cholestasis, Intrahepatic
Impairment of bile flow due to injury to the HEPATOCYTES; BILE CANALICULI; or the intrahepatic bile ducts (BILE DUCTS, INTRAHEPATIC).		02.1310
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
A spectrum of clinical liver diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to ACUTE LIVER FAILURE, caused by drugs, drug metabolites, herbal and dietary supplements and chemicals from the environment.		02.1310
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.0510
Hepatic Failure
[description not available]		07.0810
Liver Failure
Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)		02.0810
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		01.9910
Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor
A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumor which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms.		01.9910
Granulomas
[description not available]		01.9910
Aging
The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.		02.420
Granuloma
A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.		01.9910
Lassitude
[description not available]		02.9210
Depression
Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.		02.9210
Fatigue
The state of weariness following a period of exertion, mental or physical, characterized by a decreased capacity for work and reduced efficiency to respond to stimuli.		02.9210
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