Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Abscess, Epidural

Circumscribed collections of suppurative material occurring in the spinal or intracranial EPIDURAL SPACE. The majority of epidural abscesses occur in the spinal canal and are associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a vertebral body; ANALGESIA, EPIDURAL; and other conditions. Clinical manifestations include local and radicular pain, weakness, sensory loss, URINARY INCONTINENCE, and FECAL INCONTINENCE. Cranial epidural abscesses are usually associated with OSTEOMYELITIS of a cranial bone, SINUSITIS, or OTITIS MEDIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p710 and pp1240-1; J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1998 Aug;65(2):209-12)

Synonyms(9)

Synonym
Epidural Abscess, Spinal
Intracranial Extradural Abscess
Cranial Extradural Abscess
Spinal Extradural Abscess
Epidural Abscess, Intracranial
Epidural Abscess
Abscess, Extradural
Abscess, Epidural
Cranial Epidural Abscess

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Spinal epidural abscess is rare in children."( Barbadillo Izquierdo, F; Carpintero Martín, I; González De La Rosa, JB; Merino Arribas, J; Rodrigo Palacios, J, 2001)
"Spinal epidural abscess is a rare but devastating disorder that has previously been reported to have a mean incidence during sixth or seventh decade."( Burke, M; Choma, T; Kakarlapudi, R; Kim, C, 2008)
"Spinal epidural abscess is a rare but potentially fatal disease."( Chang, FY; Lin, JC; Wang, CW; Xiao, BR, 2008)
"Spinal epidural abscess is a very uncommon infection that requires prompt recognition and proper management to avoid potentially disastrous complications."( Abduljabar, A; Elsamaloty, H; Elzawawi, M, 2010)
"Ventral cervical spinal epidural abscess is a very rare clinical condition with a relatively high morbidity and mortality."( Arnautovic, KI; Olinger, RG, 2012)

Context

ExcerptReference
"Treatment of spinal epidural abscess has been based on surgical debridement."( Holtom, PD; Savage, K; Zalavras, CG, 2005)
"The incidence of spinal epidural abscess has increased in the past decades."( Burton, AW; Hamid, B; Koyyalagunta, D; Perez-Toro, MR, 2009)

Actions

ExcerptReference
"Development of epidural abscess affects the duration and success of treatment."( Akbal, A; Gökmen, F; Inceer, BŞ; Reşorlu, H; Saçar, S; Savaş, Y; Zateri, C, 2016)

Treatment

ExcerptReference
"We describe a case of a posterior spinal epidural abscess that was successfully treated with percutaneous, computed tomography-guided, needle aspiration and parenteral antibiotic therapy."( Chen, CJ; Chen, ST; Lyu, RK; Tang, LM, 2002)
"The spinal epidural abscess completely resolved after 6 weeks of antibiotic treatment."( Chen, CJ; Chen, ST; Lyu, RK; Tang, LM, 2002)
"We report the conservative treatment of a spinal epidural abscess (SEA) caused by escherichia coli and affecting the anterior epidural space from C2 to L4 in a diabetic, obese patient presenting with tetraparesis."( de las Heras, P; Wessling, H, 2003)
"We report the occurrence of an epidural abscess and meningitis in a 70-year-old man after 2 epidural corticosteroid injections for treatment of acute radicular lumbar back pain."( Hooten, WM; Huntoon, MA; Kinney, MO, 2004)
"Treatment of spinal epidural abscess has been based on surgical debridement."( Holtom, PD; Savage, K; Zalavras, CG, 2005)
"Treatment of SMG spinal-epidural abscess with neurologic manifestations should include prompt and aggressive surgical decompression coupled with targeted anti-infective therapy."( Bearman, G; Lampen, R, 2005)
"Although the epidural abscess was initially treated with antibiotic (cefozopran) for 5 days, he subsequently developed motor weakness, paresthesia and urinary retention."( Abe, H; Kohshi, K; Mizoguchi, Y; Shimokobe, M, 2005)
"Posterior spinal epidural abscesses may be successfully treated by way of the two Touhy needle and catheter technique for drainage and irrigation."( Burton, AW; Hamid, B; Koyyalagunta, D; Perez-Toro, MR, 2009)
"A case of staphylococcal epidural abscess associated with infliximab and methotrexate therapy in a patient with psoriatic arthropathy is presented."( Agustin, T; Gurnani, P; Lee, J; Singh, K; Vasoo, S, 2009)
"A MRSA epidural abscess in a 48-year-old woman was successfully treated with ceftaroline fosamil 600 mg every 12 hours as salvage therapy."( Bucheit, J; Collins, R; Joshi, P, 2014)
"Spinal epidural abscesses are difficult to diagnose and could have high morbidity and mortality if left untreated."( Abla, AA; Agarwal, N; George, HK; Khattar, NK; Zussman, BM, 2015)

Research

Studies (202)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19907 (3.47)23.3326
1990's1 (0.50)12.5806
2000's90 (44.55)18.1394
2010's85 (42.08)28.8240
2020's19 (9.41)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
beta-alanine0low10
salicylic acid0low30
lactic acid0low10
methanol0low10
nitrous oxide0low10
pyrazinamide0low20
azathioprine0low10
baclofen0low10
bupivacaine0low30
ciprofloxacin0low40
clofazimine0low10
fentanyl0low20
fluconazole0low40
gabapentin0low10
gentamicin0low50
lidocaine0low30
iohexol0low10
isoniazid0low40
mepivacaine0low10
methadone0low10
metronidazole0low40
ofloxacin0low20
phenobarbital0low10
sevoflurane0low10
sulfamethoxazole0low10
trimethoprim0low10
prednisone0low30
chloramphenicol0low30
methicillin0low30
cloxacillin0low40
colchicine0low20
oxacillin0low90
ampicillin0low10
methylmethacrylate0low10
methylprednisolone0low20
penicillanic acid0low10
benzoyl peroxide0low10
framycetin0low10
nafcillin0low10
oxazoles0medium11
hydrazine0low10
betamethasone0low20
fusarium0low20
erythromycin0low30
ethambutol0low20
durapatite0low20
vancomycin0low210
methylprednisolone hemisuccinate0low10
streptomycin0low50
floxacillin0low40
vidarabine0low10
titanium0low10
gadolinium0low90
calcium sulfate0low10
ozone0low20
trolamine salicylate0low10
fludrocortisone0low10
cefazolin0low70
amoxicillin0low30
ticarcillin0low10
amikacin0low40
propiconazole0low60
piperacillin0low20
itraconazole0low40
cephalosporin c0low100
triazoles0low40
fluorodeoxyglucose f180low10
voriconazole0low60
oxazolidin-2-one0medium51
clarithromycin0low10
fibrinogen0low10
levobupivacaine0low10
cobalt0low10
tazobactam0low10
technetium tc 99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate0low10
methotrexate0low40
beta-lactams0low10
levofloxacin0low10
moxifloxacin0low10
temocillin0low10
ropivacaine0low20
dabigatran0low10
cortisone0low10
trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole drug combination0low60
meropenem0low50
cefoxitin0low10
netilmicin0low10
linezolid0medium81
clindamycin0low40
fosfomycin0low10
fludarabine0low10
fusidic acid0low10
isepamicin0low10
amphotericin b0low40
clavulanic acid0low20
phenylephrine hydrochloride0low10
hydromorphone0low10
levetiracetam0low10
morphine0low10
heroin0low10
cefepime0low10
cefotaxime0low60
brl 285000low10
gadolinium dtpa0low10
ppi-09030low10
virginiamycin0low10
enfuvirtide0low10
ro13-99040low230
quinupristin-dalfopristin0low10
tetracycline0low10
oxytetracycline, anhydrous0low10
daptomycin0low40
cyclosporine0low10
technetium tc 99m medronate0low20
rifampin0low110
dactinomycin0low10

Protein Targets (790)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha300030
peripheral myelin protein 227007
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 19009
lamin isoform A-delta10180018
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 3031031
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4031033
Bile salt export pump044044
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1030030
Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase 0002
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase7007
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE110011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase8008
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase100010
Beta-lactamase 0206
Beta-lactamase 0208
Beta-lactamase 0007
Beta-lactamase 03010
AR protein250025
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA15005
Beta-lactamase 0003
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 14004
DNA polymerase eta isoform 15005
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)100010
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor4004
plasminogen precursor4004
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor4004
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 15005
Bile salt export pump014014
Beta-lactamase SHV-10207
Beta-lactamase SHV-105012
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0809
Beta-lactamase03010
Kappa-type opioid receptor04010
Solute carrier family 15 member 1012012
Solute carrier family 15 member 10202
Cytochrome P450 2J20303
B2 metallo-beta-lactamase 0005
Solute carrier family 15 member 20707
Beta-lactamase 0207
Beta-lactamase 0107
Solute carrier family 15 member 20707
Beta-lactamase 0207
Beta-lactamase 0006
Chain A, HADH2 protein7007
Chain B, HADH2 protein7007
Chain A, Cruzipain4004
interleukin 87007
phosphopantetheinyl transferase100010
GLS protein7007
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]210021
farnesoid X nuclear receptor120012
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta100010
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor130013
tumor necrosis factor1001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA120012
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1200020
Cytochrome P450 1A20405
Cytochrome P450 3A4014116
Cytochrome P450 2D60405
Cytochrome P450 2C190506
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma4004
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2018020
Aurora kinase B0101
Broad substrate specificity ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG20405
Chain A, Mutant Al2 6e7p9g0011
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
Beta-lactamase 0307
acid sphingomyelinase3003
GLI family zinc finger 3190019
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1110011
Beta-lactamase 0307
Beta-lactamase 0108
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20018
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-11 0006
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2200020
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20006
Beta-lactamase 0108
Metallo-beta-lactamase0007
Beta-lactamase 0307
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 17007
chromobox protein homolog 1140014
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2150015
DNA polymerase beta4004
geminin260026
Carbonic anhydrase 10303
Carbonic anhydrase 20314
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0404
Beta-lactamase OXA-70004
Spike glycoprotein120012
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0404
Angiopoietin-1 receptor0011
Beta-lactamase 0206
Beta-lactamase 0206
Beta-lactamase 0206
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0404
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-130006
Efflux transporter 0103
Beta-lactamase 0107
Beta-lactamase Toho-10003
Beta-lactamase 0103
Class D beta-lactamase0306
60 kDa chaperonin 0404
Metallo-beta-lactamase0006
Beta-lactamase 0309
Beta-lactamase 0014
10 kDa chaperonin 0404
Metallo-b-lactamase 00011
Carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC05011
Histamine H3 receptor0006
Beta-lactamase class B VIM-2 00112
Beta-lactamase VIM-1 0006
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE5005
Chain A, Ferritin light chain5005
acetylcholinesterase6006
thioredoxin reductase150015
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma130013
SMAD family member 22002
ATAD5 protein, partial7007
Fumarate hydratase4004
SMAD family member 32002
TDP1 protein210021
Microtubule-associated protein tau7007
thioredoxin glutathione reductase6006
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3100010
EWS/FLI fusion protein170017
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha130013
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha150015
pregnane X nuclear receptor150015
G100010
polyprotein4004
P531001
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma100010
arylsulfatase A3003
IDH18008
aryl hydrocarbon receptor9009
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a8008
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
activating transcription factor 67007
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)7007
Histone H2A.x5005
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 16006
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 12002
hemoglobin subunit beta1001
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a4004
heat shock protein beta-15005
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 19009
M-phase phosphoprotein 83003
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 16006
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M16006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi92012
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit6006
Interferon beta120012
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 100010
Cellular tumor antigen p53140014
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-192012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta92012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-292113
Glutamate receptor 26006
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-592012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-392012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-192012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-292012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-492012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-392012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-692012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-192113
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-392012
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-292113
GABA theta subunit92012
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 1100010
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-25005
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon92012
Protein-arginine deiminase type-40808
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial100010
NFKB1 protein, partial2002
regulator of G-protein signaling 45005
67.9K protein8008
D(1A) dopamine receptor1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 20202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 10101
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a7007
lethal factor (plasmid)5005
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Proton-coupled amino acid transporter 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
pregnane X receptor5005
progesterone receptor9009
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4150015
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 24004
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 27007
galanin receptor type 30101
Glucocorticoid receptor0819
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10808
Glycine receptor subunit beta0808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20808
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30808
ORF730011
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30404
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20112
Potassium channel subfamily K member 90101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase3003
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A6006
Luciferase5005
Smad33003
cytochrome P450 2D68008
Solute carrier family 22 member 60404
Solute carrier family 22 member 60405
Solute carrier family 22 member 80406
Solute carrier family 22 member 110305
Solute carrier family 22 member 80303
Beta-lactamase 0408
Beta-lactamase 0001
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-19 0005
Beta-lactamase 0307
Beta-lactamase0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 50101
Beta-lactamase0305
Beta-lactamase0408
Beta-lactamase0001
Beta-lactamase TEM07011
Beta-lactamase0102
Beta-lactamase 0307
Metallo-beta-lactamase VIM-20006
Beta-lactamase 0002
BlaVIM-1 0005
Beta-lactamase 0002
Beta-lactamase 0205
Beta-lactamase 0305
Albumin0167
Beta-lactamase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 70203
Solute carrier family 22 member 70203
Solute carrier family 22 member 80707
endonuclease IV4004
WRN2002
DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 isoform b0101
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 15005
flap endonuclease 18008
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK13003
snurportin-15005
carboxy-terminal domain RNA polymerase II polypeptide A small phosphatase 1 isoform 10101
Beta-lactamase OXA-10305
Beta-lactamase 0104
phosphoglycerate kinase2002
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1160016
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a3003
streptokinase A precursor0099
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase0002
30S ribosomal protein S60617
30S ribosomal protein S70617
50S ribosomal protein L150617
50S ribosomal protein L100617
50S ribosomal protein L110617
50S ribosomal protein L7/L120617
50S ribosomal protein L190617
50S ribosomal protein L10617
50S ribosomal protein L200617
50S ribosomal protein L270617
50S ribosomal protein L280617
50S ribosomal protein L290617
50S ribosomal protein L310617
50S ribosomal protein L31 type B0617
50S ribosomal protein L320617
50S ribosomal protein L330617
50S ribosomal protein L340617
50S ribosomal protein L350617
50S ribosomal protein L360617
30S ribosomal protein S100617
30S ribosomal protein S110617
30S ribosomal protein S120617
30S ribosomal protein S130617
30S ribosomal protein S160617
30S ribosomal protein S180617
30S ribosomal protein S190617
30S ribosomal protein S200617
30S ribosomal protein S20617
30S ribosomal protein S30617
30S ribosomal protein S40617
30S ribosomal protein S50617
30S ribosomal protein S80617
30S ribosomal protein S90617
50S ribosomal protein L130617
50S ribosomal protein L140617
50S ribosomal protein L160617
50S ribosomal protein L230617
30S ribosomal protein S150617
50S ribosomal protein L170617
50S ribosomal protein L210617
50S ribosomal protein L300617
50S ribosomal protein L60617
30S ribosomal protein S140617
30S ribosomal protein S170617
30S ribosomal protein S10617
50S ribosomal protein L180617
50S ribosomal protein L20617
50S ribosomal protein L30617
50S ribosomal protein L240617
50S ribosomal protein L40617
50S ribosomal protein L220617
50S ribosomal protein L50617
30S ribosomal protein S210617
50S ribosomal protein L250617
50S ribosomal protein L36 20617
Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial0011
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor2002
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
DNA gyrase subunit A0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0203
DNA gyrase subunit A0509
DNA gyrase subunit B0509
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0102
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0203
DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha0105
DNA gyrase subunit A0203
Multidrug resistance protein MdtK0011
Histamine H2 receptor4004
DNA gyrase subunit B0507
DNA gyrase subunit A0608
Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase [NADH]0207
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit A0101
DNA topoisomerase 4 subunit B0101
Integrase 0202
mitogen-activated protein kinase 15005
GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran isoform 12002
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB109011
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B30305
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B10304
Beta-lactamase 0303
Beta-lactamase0404
Neutrophil elastase0101
Cytochrome P450 2B60415
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase 0101
Beta-lactamase 0202
USP1 protein, partial6006
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)6006
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 14004
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d4004
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 34004
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 2 isoform 10011
eyes absent homolog 2 isoform a1001
mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 isoform 10011
Estrogen receptor0033
Spike glycoprotein0011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0213
Cruzipain0101
C-terminal-binding protein 11001
Estrogen receptor beta0033
PAX80001
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
PPM1D protein2002
Thrombopoietin1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor8008
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)9009
glucocerebrosidase1001
nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 10101
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor2002
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
ras-related protein Rab-9A1001
steroidogenic factor 10101
caspase-1 isoform alpha precursor2002
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30102
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0213
Tubulin beta chain0213
Plasma kallikrein0001
Tubulin beta-4A chain0326
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10505
Tubulin beta chain0326
Tubulin alpha-3C chain0326
Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-10101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10505
Tubulin alpha-1B chain0326
Tubulin alpha-4A chain0326
Tubulin beta-4B chain0326
Vesicular acetylcholine transporter0101
Tubulin beta-3 chain0326
Tubulin beta-2A chain0326
Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein0011
Tubulin beta-8 chain0326
Tubulin beta-2B chain0202
Tubulin alpha-3E chain0326
Tubulin alpha-1A chain0326
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
Similar to alpha-tubulin isoform 1 0101
CREB-binding protein1001
Tubulin alpha-1C chain0326
Tubulin beta-6 chain0326
Tubulin beta-2B chain0326
Tubulin beta-1 chain0326
dopamine D1 receptor4004
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10011
TAR DNA-binding protein 435005
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10505
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Prothrombin0202
Coagulation factor X0101
Plasminogen0101
Coagulation factor XII0101
Tissue-type plasminogen activator0101
Vitamin K-dependent protein C0101
Serine protease hepsin0101
Trypsin-10101
Trypsin-20101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
Ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase [quinone]0202
Trypsin-30101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Env polyprotein 0022
Motilin receptor0011
low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase isoform c0101
Motilin receptor0112
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 33003
60 kDa chaperonin0101
Chitinase B0101
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase0101
Cytochrome P450 1B10101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0415
Pantothenate synthetase0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0405
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20033
D(2) dopamine receptor0202
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0303
D(4) dopamine receptor0202
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0304
Delta-type opioid receptor0517
Mu-type opioid receptor05210
Kappa-type opioid receptor0416
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor07311
D(3) dopamine receptor0202
Delta-type opioid receptor0618
Kappa-type opioid receptor0629
Mu-type opioid receptor0316
Mu-type opioid receptor0505
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10303
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Chain A, BCL-2-RELATED PROTEIN A10011
unnamed protein product0101
heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha isoform 20103
bcl-2-like protein 11 isoform 10011
Histone deacetylase 30101
Chymotrypsinogen A0101
Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase0101
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0123
Aromatase0101
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial0101
Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial0101
Heme oxygenase 20101
Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic0101
Histone deacetylase 40101
Cytochrome P450 1440033
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0033
Steroid C26-monooxygenase0033
Mycocyclosin synthase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0011
Histone deacetylase 10101
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0022
Sterol 14-alpha demethylase0112
Histone deacetylase 70101
Histone deacetylase 20101
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0101
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0022
Histone deacetylase 80101
Histone deacetylase 60101
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 50101
heat shock protein 90, putative0002
likely tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase0101
corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 20112
corticotropin releasing factor-binding protein0112
glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta isoform 10022
5'-nucleotidase0101
Adenosine receptor A30101
Adenosine deaminase 0002
GALC protein3003
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase0101
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase0101
Menin0011
Lecithin retinol acyltransferase0101
Lethal factor0101
Protein Rev 0011
Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 10202
Chain A, Type Iii Chloramphenicol Acetyltransferase0101
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10203
large T antigen0101
ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2 isoform a3003
Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-10101
Liver carboxylesterase 10001
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B3003
3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 3 0101
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
N-glycosylase/DNA lyase0101
Polyphenol oxidase 20203
Myeloperoxidase0101
Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase0101
Cytochrome P450 2C80101
Cytochrome P450 2A60101
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0101
Endonuclease III-like protein 10101
Isocitrate lyase0101
Putative FAD-containing monooxygenase MymA0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0303
Endonuclease 8-like 10101
Integrin beta-32002
Integrin alpha-IIb2002
chaperonin-containing TCP-1 beta subunit homolog2002
Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A0101
Inositol monophosphatase 11001
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
CAAX prenyl protease 2 isoform 20001
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
DNA primase0101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 50101
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 20101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 180101
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0606
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0606
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0606
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0707
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A0101
Renin0101
Adenosine transporter 10101
Beta-lactamase 0001
Beta-lactamase IMP-1 0001
Beta-lactamase 0001
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor member X20022
Aldehyde oxidase 1 0101
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
Chain B, DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE0011
ClpP1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
Thymidylate synthase 0101
alpha-galactosidase1001
Thymidylate synthase 0101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
nuclear receptor coactivator 1 isoform 1 [Homo sapiens]0101
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]0101
nuclear receptor coactivator 3 isoform a0101
Toll-like receptor 40101
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30102
Dihydrofolate reductase0405
Dihydrofolate reductase0304
Dihydrofolate reductase 0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0303
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0405
Thymidylate synthase0101
Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL10011
Thymidylate synthase0303
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0303
Thymidylate synthase0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0102
High mobility group protein B10022
Dihydrofolate reductase0303
Thymidylate synthase0202
Dihydrofolate reductase0426
Glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0303
Folate receptor beta0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0303
Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial 0101
Folate receptor alpha0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0506
Histidine decarboxylase0112
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Cyclin-dependent kinase 20011
Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC0202
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 0001
Reduced folate transporter0202
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating0101
Caspase-71001
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A30001
Pteridine reductase 10101
Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial0103
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0203
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Trifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-30101
Solute carrier family 22 member 200303
Dihydrofolate reductase 0303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60303
Dihydrofolate reductase0203
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 110001
Proton-coupled folate transporter0101
Multidrug resistance associated protein0102
nonstructural protein 12002
Androgen receptor0202
Nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 20011
Thioredoxin reductase 0101
Flavodoxin0001
Opioid receptor, delta 1b 0101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Opioid receptor homologue0101
Acyl-CoA desaturase 10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0112
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
Translocator protein0011
Proteinase-activated receptor 10112
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0214
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
Nociceptin receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70202
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
DNA gyrase subunit B0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0101
Replicase polyprotein 1ab0202
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 10101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 10101
STE240001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor1001
CAAX prenyl protease0001
Trypsin0001
MecA 0101
Vpr2002
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Valosin-containing protein0101
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproprotein2002
microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform 90101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 40101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 10101
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 11001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-42002
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-22002
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0101
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0101
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
beta-2 adrenergic receptor1001
mu-type opioid receptor isoform MOR-10011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0011
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)1001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-60101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 0202
NH(3)-dependent NAD(+) synthetase0202
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Arylacetamide deacetylase0102
Caspase-10101
Alpha-synuclein0202
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A20101
Glutathione S-transferase omega-10101
DNA-directed RNA polymerase subunit beta0101
Estrogen receptor beta0001
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta0001
Carbonic anhydrase 120101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-20001
Polymerase acidic protein0011
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Stromelysin-10112
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase YopH0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit alpha-10101
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 10103
Estrogen receptor0001
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40101
Carbonic anhydrase 60101
Cystathionine gamma-lyase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-10001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-20001
Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-10001
Carbonic anhydrase 90101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase0101
Ubiquitin-like domain-containing CTD phosphatase 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 150101
Carbonic anhydrase 130101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-30001
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-20001
Carbonic anhydrase 140101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0101
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-10001
Metallo-beta-lactamase type 20202
Angiotensin-converting enzyme0202
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecD0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecB0101
exodeoxyribonuclease V subunit RecC0101
ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase0101
Dihydropteroate synthase0101
Endothelin-1 receptor0101
Protease 0112
B2 bradykinin receptor0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Beta-lactamase0101
Metallo-beta-lactamase L1 type 30101
Beta-lactamase 0101
90-kda heat shock protein beta HSP90 beta, partial0101
estrogen receptor beta isoform 10101
tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 7 isoform 20101
Tetracycline resistance protein, class B0001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20101
72 kDa type IV collagenase0101
Multidrug transporter MdfA0101
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0202
Neutrophil collagenase0101
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0202
Collagenase 30101
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
P2Y purinoceptor 120101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate Reductase0011
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Chain A, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)0101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Chain A, Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0102
Dihydrofolate reductase type 10102
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase type 1 from Tn40030101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0101
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Bifunctional dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Dihydrofolate reductase0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 50011
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0101
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0101
D-alanyl-D-alanine dipeptidase0101
Transporter0101
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0001
Histamine H1 receptor0011
Adenosylhomocysteinase0101
RNA-directed RNA polymerase 0112
Sterol 14-alpha-demethylase0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, mitochondrial 0011
14-alpha sterol demethylase 0011
Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase0213
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]