desacetylcefotaxime profile

desacetylcefotaxime: RN given refers to parent cpd (6R-(6alpha,7alpha(Z)))-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9576239
SCHEMBL ID	5679450
MeSH ID	M0093481

Synonym
deacetylcefotaxime
desacetylcefotaxime
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-, (6r-(6alpha,7beta(z)))-
66340-28-1
unii-6e65o1y1p8
6e65o1y1p8 ,
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2z)-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-, (6r,7r)-
3-desacetyl cefotaxime
SCHEMBL5679450
(6r,7r)-7-(((2z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-, (6r-(6.alpha.,7.beta.(z)))-
3-desacetylcefotaxime
deacetylcefotaxime [usp impurity]
cefotaxime sodium impurity b [ep impurity]
cefotaxime impurity b [ep impurity]
5-thia-1-azabicyclo(4.2.0)oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid, 7-(((2z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl)amino)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-, (6r,7r)-
(6r,7r)-7-{[(2z)-1-hydroxy-2-(2-imino-2,3-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)ethylidene]amino}-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
(6r,7r)-7-((z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
(6r,7r)-7-[[(2z)-2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetyl]amino]-3-(hydroxymethyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
DTXSID801315709
CS-0090612
HY-126129

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

A study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotaxime (CTX) and desacetylcefotaxIME (dCTX), was conducted. The former is commonly used for neonatal infections. The purpose of the study was to compare cefoxitin, ceftetan, ceftizoxime and CT/DACT (1:1 ratio)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of the study was to compare cefoxitin, cefotetan, ceftizoxime, cefotaxime (CT), desacetylcefotaxime (DACT), and CT/DACT (1:1 ratio) by integrating their microbiologic activity against clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis with their pharmacokinetic properties."	( Evaluation of cephalosporins/cephamycins with antianaerobic activity by integrating microbiologic and pharmacokinetic properties. Del Bene, VE; Friedrich, LV; Kays, MB; White, RL, )	0.13
" Both the CTX fraction nonrenally cleared and elimination half-life increased with decreasing renal function."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its active metabolite in children with renal dysfunction. Hubbard, JW; Mahan, JD; Mentser, MA; Nahata, MC; Paap, CM; Puri, SK, 1991)	0.28
" A significant inverse relationship was found between gestational age and the elimination half-life of CTX, and the AUC of both CTX and DCTX."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in preterm infants. Chretien, P; Gouyon, JB; Kazmierczak, A; Pechinot, A; Safran, C; Sandre, D, 1990)	0.28
"A study of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefotaxime (CTX) and desacetylcefotaxime (dCTX) in newborns was conducted; the former is commonly used for neonatal infections."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the newborn. Aujard, Y; Brion, F; Chretien, P; Criqui, C; Jacqz-Aigrain, E; Kasse, MC; Mathieu, H, )	0.13
"Over the past 5 yr, we have conducted two clinical and two pharmacokinetic investigations of cefotaxime (CTX) and desacetylcefotaxime (dCTX) in neonates, infants, and children."	( Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in neonates and children: a review of microbiologic, pharmacokinetic, and clinical experience. Jacobs, RF; Kearns, GL, )	0.13
" The beta-elimination half-life was 17 min with Cls of 13."	( Disposition of cefotaxime and its metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime, in rat: application of a pharmacokinetic-protein binding model. Bourne, DW; Hakim, L; Triggs, EJ, 1989)	0.28
" After dosing cefotaxime and its metabolite by high performance liquid chromatography, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, especially: plasma and renal clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, area under the curve, and elimination half-life."	( [Influence of fever on cefotaxime pharmacokinetics]. Albin, H; Aubertin, J; Demotes-Mainard, F; Gin, H; Ragnaud, JM; Vincon, G, 1988)	0.27
"The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic modelling of Cefotaxime (CTX) and its main metabolite Desacetyl Cefotaxime (DCTX) which has a less antibacterial activity than the CTX."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its desacetyl metabolite in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Aiache, JM; Beyssac, E; Cardot, JM; Colnet, G; Sirot, J, )	0.13
" Model-dependent and noncompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were determined and were found to be congruous."	( Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime pharmacokinetics in infants and children with meningitis. Brown, AL; Jacobs, RF; Kearns, GL; Kluza, RB; Trang, JM; Underwood, FL; Wells, TG, 1985)	0.27
"A scarcity of pharmacokinetic data are available on cefotaxime in the obstetric patient."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in the postpartum patient. Cleary, TG; Cotton, DB; Feldman, S; Gonik, B; Pickering, LK, 1985)	0.27
" Its pharmacokinetic property includes a small volume of distribution with low protein binding."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in healthy volunteers and patients. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, )	0.13
" Application of pharmacodynamics requires an integration of the pharmacokinetic and in vitro properties of the agent."	( Pharmacodynamic (kinetic) considerations in the treatment of moderately severe infections with cefotaxime. Turnidge, JD, )	0.13
" When the impact of development on CTX and dCTX disposition is considered, it is apparent that age-appropriate pharmacokinetic data can be used to individualize CTX dosing regimens according to age."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the young. Kearns, GL; Young, RA, )	0.13
" The stability and predictive performance of the final population pharmacokinetic model was assessed using 200 bootstrap samples of the original data."	( Pharmacokinetic modelling of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime--a population study in 25 elderly patients. Barre, J; Bouvier D'yvoire, M; Druguet, M; Laurent, N; Maire, P; Urien, S, 2004)	0.32
"Rational dosing of antibiotics in neonates should be based on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters assessed in specific populations."	( Microanalysis of beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2009)	0.35
"Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to temporarily sustain cardiac and respiratory function in critically ill infants but can cause pharmacokinetic changes necessitating dose modifications."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in infants during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2010)	0.36

Compound-Compound Interactions

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"We evaluated cefotaxime (CTX) alone and in combination with its metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime (dCTX) against strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce the four recognized variants of staphylococcal beta-lactamase and a beta-lactamase-producing isolate characterized by the expression of borderline resistance to methicillin."	( Evaluation of cefotaxime alone and in combination with desacetylcefotaxime against strains of Staphylococcus aureus that produce variants of staphylococcal beta-lactamase. Eades, SC; Kernodle, DS; Stratton, CW; Weeks, LS, )	0.13

Bioavailability

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Cefotaxime was well absorbed and therapeutic serum concentrations were achieved after intraperitoneal administration."	( Cefotaxime and metabolite disposition in two pediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Hubbard, JA; Mahan, JD; Mentser, MA; Nahata, MC; Paap, CM; Puri, SK, 1992)	0.28
" Cefotaxime administered intramuscularly was well absorbed from the injection site (91% +/- 19%) and produced maximal levels of 25."	( The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolites in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Fillastre, JP; Godin, M; Humbert, G; Ings, RM; Leroy, A, )	0.13

Dosage Studied

Cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetylcefotaxim followed biphasic decays. VTss and AUC of 127 ml/kg and 8.8ml/kg respectively. High activity of cephalosporin alone must be considered in reestablishing correct dosing.

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Further studies are needed to establish appropriate intraperitoneal dosing guidelines of cefotaxime in pediatric CAPD patients."	( Cefotaxime and metabolite disposition in two pediatric continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Hubbard, JA; Mahan, JD; Mentser, MA; Nahata, MC; Paap, CM; Puri, SK, 1992)	0.28
" As estimates of pharmacodynamic activity, time below the MIC (T less than MIC) and percentage of the dosing interval below the MIC (% INT less than MIC) were calculated for individual isolates using total and unbound serum concentrations."	( Evaluation of cephalosporins/cephamycins with antianaerobic activity by integrating microbiologic and pharmacokinetic properties. Del Bene, VE; Friedrich, LV; Kays, MB; White, RL, )	0.13
" With increasing time following cefotaxime dosing there was a significant increase in the abscess:plasma concentration ratio of desacetylcefotaxime."	( Penetration of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime into brain abscesses in humans. Arneborn, P; Cars, O; Eriksson, N; Sjölin, J, 1991)	0.28
" Modest accumulation of cefotaxime in patients with severe hepatic impairment is unlikely to produce toxicity because of its high therapeutic index, and dosing modifications may not be required."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in patients with liver disease. Akriviadis, E; Appleman, M; Cohen, JL; Ko, RJ; Koda, RT; Nichols, S; Runyon, B; Sattler, FR, 1991)	0.28
" The results of this study indicate that dosage adjustment may be necessary for CTX in children with renal dysfunction."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its active metabolite in children with renal dysfunction. Hubbard, JW; Mahan, JD; Mentser, MA; Nahata, MC; Paap, CM; Puri, SK, 1991)	0.28
" After dosing cefotaxime and its metabolite by high performance liquid chromatography, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, especially: plasma and renal clearance, volume of distribution at steady state, area under the curve, and elimination half-life."	( [Influence of fever on cefotaxime pharmacokinetics]. Albin, H; Aubertin, J; Demotes-Mainard, F; Gin, H; Ragnaud, JM; Vincon, G, 1988)	0.27
" The slower elimination of cefotaxime in patients over 80 years of age may allow reduction in the dose without jeopardizing the efficacy of therapy, whereas in patients under 80 years of age the normal dosage is required."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in elderly patients. Csiba, A; Graber, H; Ludwig, E; Székely, E, 1988)	0.27
" Dosage regimens for the use of cefotaxime in patients with renal impairment are proposed."	( Cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime kinetics in renal impairment. Abraham, PA; Halstenson, CE; Keane, WF; Matzke, GR, 1985)	0.27
"5 micrograms/ml for the 1- and 2-gm dosage regimens, respectively."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in the postpartum patient. Cleary, TG; Cotton, DB; Feldman, S; Gonik, B; Pickering, LK, 1985)	0.27
" It is possible that the major advance of CTX and CTZ pertains to their ability to kill many organisms at extremely low concentrations, allowing for monotherapy with low and infrequent dosing, which is very cost-effective in comparison with high and more frequent dosing required by older agents or with antibiotic combinations."	( Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime and the role of desacetylcefotaxime in the antibacterial activity of cefotaxime. Nightingale, CH; Quintiliani, R; Tilton, R, 1984)	0.27
" Recommendations are made for the adjustment of dosing schedules in patients with renal failure."	( The pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and its metabolites in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. Fillastre, JP; Godin, M; Humbert, G; Ings, RM; Leroy, A, )	0.13
" The method described presents the following advantages: a fast extraction and efficient deproteinization of serum samples are achieved with Sep-Pak cartridges; the mobile phase is a mixture of methanol - bidistilled water - acetic acid which permits the simultaneous dosage of Ctx and D-Ctx under the same chromatographic process."	( [Technic for assaying cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in serum by high performance liquid chromatography]. Boyer, M; Cluzel, R; Sirot, J, 1984)	0.27
" The concentrations of both the parent compound and the metabolite 3 h after the infusion suggest that, considering the activity and half life of both the dosing might be spaced at 6-8 h intervals."	( Concentrations of cefotaxime and the desacetyl metabolite in serum and CSF of patients with meningitis. Cherubin, CE; Humbert, G; Leroy, A; Nair, SR, 1984)	0.27
" The high activity of cefotaxime alone and the contributions of desacetylcefotaxime to the drug's total antimicrobial value must be considered in reestablishing correct dosing of this "third-generation" cephalosporin."	( Cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime antimicrobial interactions. The clinical relevance of enhanced activity: a review. Jones, RN, )	0.13
" The half-life of cefotaxime and its metabolite is altered in patients with severe renal dysfunction requiring dosage adjustment."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in healthy volunteers and patients. Nicolau, DP; Nightingale, CH; Patel, KB; Quintiliani, R, )	0.13
" For bacteria to have no postantibiotic effect, plasma levels need to exceed the MIC for the whole of the dosing interval to achieve maximum killing at the site of infection."	( Pharmacodynamic (kinetic) considerations in the treatment of moderately severe infections with cefotaxime. Turnidge, JD, )	0.13
" When the impact of development on CTX and dCTX disposition is considered, it is apparent that age-appropriate pharmacokinetic data can be used to individualize CTX dosing regimens according to age."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in the young. Kearns, GL; Young, RA, )	0.13
" Dosage of 40 mg/kg of body weight given IV every 4 to 6 hours for neonatal foals with gram-negative septicemia and every 2 hours for foals with meningitis is recommended for further study."	( Pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime in neonatal pony foals. Divers, TJ; Gardner, SY; Sweeney, RW, 1993)	0.29
" A HPLC method was developed for determination of both antibiotics in ocular aqueous humor and plasma in order to optimize dosage for safe surpassing minimal inhibitory concentration in the humor compartment."	( Simultaneous quantification of cefotaxime, desacetylcefotaxime, ofloxacine and ciprofloxacine in ocular aqueous humor and in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Breithaupt, A; Breithaupt, H; Gehrke, R; Kraemer, HJ, 1997)	0.3
"Rational dosing of antibiotics in neonates should be based on pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters assessed in specific populations."	( Microanalysis of beta-lactam antibiotics and vancomycin in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. Ahsman, MJ; Mathot, RA; Tibboel, D; Wildschut, ED, 2009)	0.35
" A dosing regimen of 1,000 mg of CTX given four times daily is likely to achieve adequate plasma levels in patients with AKI treated with CVVH."	( Pilot Study of the Pharmacokinetics of Cefotaxime in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Treated with Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Koedijk, JB; Mulder, PG; Rijpstra, TA; Touw, DJ; Valk-Swinkels, CG; van 't Veer, NE; van der Meer, NJ; van der Voort, PH, 2016)	0.43
" The bioanalytical method was applied for the quantification of cefotaxime and its metabolite to 20 capillary microsamples collected at five time points in one dosing interval from five critically ill children."	( Development and validation of a UHPLC-MS/MS method to measure cefotaxime and metabolite desacetylcefotaxime in blood plasma: a pilot study suitable for capillary microsampling in critically ill children. Coulthard, MG; Dorofaeff, T; Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Sparkes, L; Wallis, SC, 2021)	0.62
"To describe the population pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime in critically ill paediatric patients and provide dosing recommendations."	( Optimal dosing of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime for critically ill paediatric patients. Can we use microsampling? Coulthard, MG; Dorofaeff, T; Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Sparkes, L; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72
" Monte Carlo dosing simulations were tested using a range of estimated glomerular filtration rates (60, 100, 170 and 200 mL/min/1."	( Optimal dosing of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime for critically ill paediatric patients. Can we use microsampling? Coulthard, MG; Dorofaeff, T; Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Sparkes, L; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72
" Standard dosing of 50 mg/kg q6h was only able to achieve the PK/PD target of 100% ƒT>MIC in patients >10 kg and with impaired renal function or patients of 40 kg with normal renal function."	( Optimal dosing of cefotaxime and desacetylcefotaxime for critically ill paediatric patients. Can we use microsampling? Coulthard, MG; Dorofaeff, T; Guerra Valero, YC; Lipman, J; Parker, SL; Roberts, JA; Sparkes, L; Wallis, SC, 2022)	0.72

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	77 (67.54)	18.7374
1990's	25 (21.93)	18.2507
2000's	8 (7.02)	29.6817
2010's	2 (1.75)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	4 (2.74%)	5.53%
Reviews	6 (4.11%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.68%)	4.05%
Observational	1 (0.68%)	0.25%
Other	134 (91.78%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	1.97	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
p-aminohippuric acid p-Aminohippuric Acid: The glycine amide of 4-aminobenzoic acid. Its sodium salt is used as a diagnostic aid to measure effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and excretory capacity.. p-aminohippurate : A hippurate that is the conjugate base of p-aminohippuric acid, arising from deprotonation of the carboxy group.. p-aminohippuric acid : An N-acylglycine that is the 4-amino derivative of hippuric acid; used as a diagnostic agent in the measurement of renal plasma flow.	1.96	1	0	N-acylglycine	Daphnia magna metabolite
cefuroxime Cefuroxime: Broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, GONORRHEA, and HAEMOPHILUS.. cefuroxime : A 3-(carbamoyloxymethyl)cephalosporin compound having a 7-(2Z)-2-(furan-2-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetamido side chain.	7.66	3	0	carbamate ester; cephalosporin
ciprofloxacin Ciprofloxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial carboxyfluoroquinoline.. ciprofloxacin : A quinolone that is quinolin-4(1H)-one bearing cyclopropyl, carboxylic acid, fluoro and piperazin-1-yl substituents at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7, respectively.	7.38	2	0	aminoquinoline; cyclopropanes; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; N-arylpiperazine; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid; quinolone antibiotic; quinolone; zwitterion	antibacterial drug; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; environmental contaminant; topoisomerase IV inhibitor; xenobiotic
fleroxacin Fleroxacin: A broad-spectrum antimicrobial fluoroquinolone. The drug strongly inhibits the DNA-supercoiling activity of DNA GYRASE.. fleroxacin : A fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline which is substituted at positions 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8 by 2-fluoroethyl, carboxy, fluoro, 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl and fluoro groups, respectively. It is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	7.38	2	0	difluorobenzene; fluoroquinolone antibiotic; monocarboxylic acid; N-alkylpiperazine; quinolines	antibacterial drug; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; topoisomerase IV inhibitor
gentamicin Gentamicins: A complex of closely related aminoglycosides obtained from MICROMONOSPORA purpurea and related species. They are broad-spectrum antibiotics, but may cause ear and kidney damage. They act to inhibit PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS.	2.37	2	0
lidocaine Lidocaine: A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.. lidocaine : The monocarboxylic acid amide resulting from the formal condensation of N,N-diethylglycine with 2,6-dimethylaniline.	1.96	1	0	benzenes; monocarboxylic acid amide; tertiary amino compound	anti-arrhythmia drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; xenobiotic
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	1.97	1	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.37	2	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ofloxacin Ofloxacin: A synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent that inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA GYRASE, halting DNA REPLICATION.. 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinoline-6-carboxylic acid : An oxazinoquinoline that is 2,3-dihydro-7H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4-ij]quinolin-7-one substituted by methyl, carboxy, fluoro, and 4-methylpiperazin-1-yl groups at positions 3, 6, 9, and 10, respectively.. ofloxacin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of levofloxacin and dextrofloxacin. It is a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent which inhibits the supercoiling activity of bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication.	6.99	1	0	3-oxo monocarboxylic acid; N-arylpiperazine; N-methylpiperazine; organofluorine compound; oxazinoquinoline
probenecid Probenecid: The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.. probenecid : A sulfonamide in which the nitrogen of 4-sulfamoylbenzoic acid is substituted with two propyl groups.	1.96	1	0	benzoic acids; sulfonamide	uricosuric drug
cephaloridine Cephaloridine: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefaloridine : A cephalosporin compound having pyridinium-1-ylmethyl and 2-thienylacetamido side-groups. A first-generation semisynthetic derivative of cephalosporin C.	2.36	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
chloramphenicol Amphenicol: Chloramphenicol and its derivatives.	1.96	1	0	C-nitro compound; carboxamide; diol; organochlorine compound	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite; protein synthesis inhibitor
cephalothin Cephalothin: A cephalosporin antibiotic.. cefalotin : A semisynthetic, first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with acetoxymethyl and (2-thienylacetyl)nitrilo moieties at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the core structure. Administered parenterally during surgery and to treat a wide spectrum of blood infections.	1.96	1	0	azabicycloalkene; beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carboxylic acid; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative; thiophenes	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	1.96	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
methicillin Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.. methicillin : A penicillin that is 6-aminopenicillanic acid in which one of the amino hydrogens is replaced by a 2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl group.	1.96	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
ampicillin Ampicillin: Semi-synthetic derivative of penicillin that functions as an orally active broad-spectrum antibiotic.. ampicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-phenylacetamido group.	3.36	1	1	beta-lactam antibiotic; penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
vancomycin Vancomycin: Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly and is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.. vancomycin : A complex glycopeptide from Streptomyces orientalis. It inhibits a specific step in the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium difficile.	2.05	1	0	glycopeptide	antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; bacterial metabolite
cephalexin Cephalexin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with antimicrobial activity similar to that of CEPHALORIDINE or CEPHALOTHIN, but somewhat less potent. It is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.. cephalexin : A semisynthetic first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methyl and beta-(2R)-2-amino-2-phenylacetamido groups at the 3- and 7- of the cephem skeleton, respectively. It is effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms, and is used for treatment of infections of the skin, respiratory tract and urinary tract.	7.37	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cephapirin Cephapirin: Cephalosporin antibiotic, partly plasma-bound, that is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.. cephapirin : A cephalosporin with acetoxymethyl and 2(pyridin-4-ylsulfanyl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is used (as its sodium salt) as an antibiotic, being effective against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms.	1.96	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefazolin Cefazolin: A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.. cefazolin : A first-generation cephalosporin compound having [(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)sulfanyl]methyl and (1H-tetrazol-1-ylacetyl)amino side-groups at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	2.89	4	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; tetrazoles; thiadiazoles	antibacterial drug
amoxicillin Amoxicillin: A broad-spectrum semisynthetic antibiotic similar to AMPICILLIN except that its resistance to gastric acid permits higher serum levels with oral administration.. amoxicillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido group.	2.05	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
tobramycin Tobramycin: An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.. tobramycin : A amino cyclitol glycoside that is kanamycin B lacking the 3-hydroxy substituent from the 2,6-diaminoglucose ring.	1.96	1	0	amino cyclitol glycoside	antibacterial agent; antimicrobial agent; toxin
ticarcillin Ticarcillin: An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action.. ticarcillin : A penicillin compound having a 6beta-[(2R)-2-carboxy-2-thiophen-3-ylacetyl]amino side-group.	1.96	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cephradine Cephradine: A semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic.. cephradine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a methyl substituent at position 3, and a (2R)-2-amino-2-cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-ylacetamido substituent at position 7, of the cephem skeleton.	1.96	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefmetazole Cefmetazole: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmetazole : A second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having N(1)-methyltetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl, {[(cyanomethyl)sulfanyl]acetyl}amino and methoxy side-groups at positions 3, 7beta and 7alpha respectively of the parent cephem bicyclic structure.	3.06	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
cefonicid Cefonicid: A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.. cefonicid : A cephalosporin bearing {[1-(sulfomethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-yl]sulfanyl}methyl and (R)-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamido groups at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton.	1.97	1	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
piperacillin Piperacillin: Semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, AMPICILLIN derived ureidopenicillin antibiotic proposed for PSEUDOMONAS infections. It is also used in combination with other antibiotics.. piperacillin : A penicillin in which the substituent at position 6 of the penam ring is a 2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazin-1-yl)carboxamido]-2-phenylacetamido group.	1.97	1	0	penicillin allergen; penicillin	antibacterial drug
cefotiam Cefotiam: One of the CEPHALOSPORINS that has a broad spectrum of activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotiam : A cephalosporin with ({1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-1H-tetrazol-5-yl}sulfanyl)methyl and (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)acetamido substituents at positions 3 and 7, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. A third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic, it is active against a broad spectrum of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.	8.75	3	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
cefoperazone Cefoperazone: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It may be used to treat Pseudomonas infections.. cefoperazone : A semi-synthetic parenteral cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that confers beta-lactamase resistance.	3.47	2	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
moxalactam Moxalactam: Broad- spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic similar in structure to the CEPHALOSPORINS except for the substitution of an oxaazabicyclo moiety for the thiaazabicyclo moiety of certain CEPHALOSPORINS. It has been proposed especially for the meningitides because it passes the blood-brain barrier and for anaerobic infections.. moxalactam : A broad-spectrum oxacephem antibiotic in which the oxazine ring is substituted with a tetrazolylthiomethyl group and the azetidinone ring carries methoxy and 2-carboxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido substituents.	3.46	2	0	cephalosporin; oxacephem	antibacterial drug
cefotetan Cefotetan: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.. cefotetan : A semi-synthetic second-generation cephamycin antibiotic with [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl, methoxy and {[4-(2-amino-1-carboxy-2-oxoethylidene)-1,3-dithietan-2-yl]carbonyl}amino groups at the 3, 7alpha, and 7beta positions, respectively, of the cephem skeleton. It is resistant to a wide range of beta-lactamases and is active against a broad spectrum of aerobic and anaerobic Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.	1.97	1	0
cephalosporin c cephalosporin C: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure in Merck, 9th ed, #1937. cephalosporin C : A cephalosporin antibiotic carrying a 3-acetoxymethyl substituent and a 6-oxo-N(6)-L-lysino group at position 7.	7.03	14	2	cephalosporin	fungal metabolite
imipenem, anhydrous Imipenem: Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.. imipenem : A broad-spectrum, intravenous beta-lactam antibiotic of the carbapenem subgroup.	3.06	1	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; carbapenems; zwitterion	antibacterial drug
beta-lactams 2-azetidinone: structure in first source. azetidin-2-one : An unsubstituted beta-lactam compound.. beta-lactam : A lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.	3.49	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; beta-lactam
meropenem Meropenem: A thienamycin derivative antibacterial agent that is more stable to renal dehydropeptidase I than IMIPENEM, but does not need to be given with an enzyme inhibitor such as CILASTATIN. It is used in the treatment of bacterial infections, including infections in immunocompromised patients.. meropenem : A carbapenemcarboxylic acid in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and in which the azetidine and pyrroline rings carry 1-hydroxymethyl and 5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidin-3-ylthio substituents respectively.	2.05	1	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; carbapenemcarboxylic acid; organic sulfide; pyrrolidinecarboxamide	antibacterial agent; antibacterial drug; drug allergen
cefoxitin Cefoxitin: A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic resistant to beta-lactamase.. cefoxitin : A semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic which, in addition to the methoxy group at the 7alpha position, has 2-thienylacetamido and carbamoyloxymethyl side-groups. It is resistant to beta-lactamase.	2.37	2	0	beta-lactam antibiotic allergen; cephalosporin; cephamycin; semisynthetic derivative	antibacterial drug
netilmicin Netilmicin: Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	1.97	1	0
clindamycin Clindamycin: An antibacterial agent that is a semisynthetic analog of LINCOMYCIN.. clindamycin : A carbohydrate-containing antibiotic that is the semisynthetic derivative of lincomycin, a natural antibiotic.	1.96	1	0
fosfomycin Fosfomycin: An antibiotic produced by Streptomyces fradiae.. fosfomycin : A phosphonic acid having an (R,S)-1,2-epoxypropyl group attached to phosphorus.	1.96	1	0	epoxide; phosphonic acids	antimicrobial agent; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor
cefsulodin Cefsulodin: A pyridinium-substituted semisynthetic, broad-spectrum antibacterial used especially for Pseudomonas infections in debilitated patients.. cefsulodin : A pyridinium-substituted semi-synthetic, broad-spectrum, cephalosporin antibiotic.	8.75	3	0	cephalosporin; organosulfonic acid; primary carboxamide	antibacterial drug
cefroxadine cefroxadine: orally active, broad spectrum cephalosporin. cefroxadine : A first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic having methoxy and [(2R)-2-amino-2-(cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)acetyl]amino side groups located at positions 3 and 7 respectively.	1.96	1	0	cephalosporin
cefotaxime Cefotaxime: Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin.. cefotaxime : A cephalosporin compound having acetoxymethyl and [2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino side groups.	9.42	114	3	1,3-thiazoles; cephalosporin; oxime O-ether	antibacterial drug; drug allergen
ro-23-9424 Ro-23-9424: fused compound containing fleroxacin combined with desacetylcefotaxime; active against gram-positive bacteria	2.38	2	0
cefmenoxime Cefmenoxime: A cephalosporin antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It is active against most common gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae, and is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. The drug has a high rate of efficacy in many types of infection and to date no severe side effects have been noted.. cefmenoxime : A third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, bearing a 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino group at the 7beta-position and a [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)sulfanyl]methyl group at the 3-position.	8.75	3	0	cephalosporin	antibacterial drug
4-hydroxymercuribenzoate [no description available]	1.96	1	0
ro13-9904 Ceftriaxone: A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and cefotaxime derivative with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.. ceftriaxone : A third-generation cephalosporin compound having 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-(methoxyimino)acetylamino and [(2-methyl-5,6-dioxo-1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)sulfanyl]methyl side-groups.	4.46	7	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Critical Illness A disease or state in which death is possible or imminent.	3.22	5	0
Acute Kidney Failure [description not available]	2.41	2	0
Acute Kidney Injury Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.	2.41	2	0
Electrolytes Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	2.04	1	0
Primary Peritonitis [description not available]	4.28	4	1
Cronobacter Infections [description not available]	3.61	3	0
Enterobacteriaceae Infections Infections with bacteria of the family ENTEROBACTERIACEAE.	3.61	3	0
Peritonitis INFLAMMATION of the PERITONEUM lining the ABDOMINAL CAVITY as the result of infectious, autoimmune, or chemical processes. Primary peritonitis is due to infection of the PERITONEAL CAVITY via hematogenous or lymphatic spread and without intra-abdominal source. Secondary peritonitis arises from the ABDOMINAL CAVITY itself through RUPTURE or ABSCESS of intra-abdominal organs.	9.28	4	1
Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Fetal Membranes, Premature Rupture Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.	2.05	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	2.67	3	0
Bacteremia The presence of viable bacteria circulating in the blood. Fever, chills, tachycardia, and tachypnea are common acute manifestations of bacteremia. The majority of cases are seen in already hospitalized patients, most of whom have underlying diseases or procedures which render their bloodstreams susceptible to invasion.	2.46	2	0
Health Care Associated Infection [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Cross Infection Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	2.05	1	0
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.39	2	0
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.02	1	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.42	2	0
Pachymeningitis [description not available]	4.85	8	1
Infections, Staphylococcal [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea Discharge of cerebrospinal fluid through the external auditory meatus or through the eustachian tube into the nasopharynx. This is usually associated with CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA (e.g., SKULL FRACTURE involving the TEMPORAL BONE;), NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES; or other conditions, but may rarely occur spontaneously. (From Am J Otol 1995 Nov;16(6):765-71)	1.96	1	0
Meningitis Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)	4.85	8	1
Staphylococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.	1.96	1	0
Cirrhosis, Liver [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Liver Dysfunction [description not available]	2.88	4	0
Liver Cirrhosis Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.	2.37	2	0
Liver Diseases Pathological processes of the LIVER.	2.88	4	0
Bacterial Disease [description not available]	4.86	8	1
Bacterial Infections Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.	4.86	8	1
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2.37	2	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2.37	2	0
Chronic Kidney Failure [description not available]	3.06	5	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.06	5	0
Kidney Failure, Chronic The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.	3.06	5	0
Injuries Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.	1.96	1	0
Uremia A clinical syndrome associated with the retention of renal waste products or uremic toxins in the blood. It is usually the result of RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Most uremic toxins are end products of protein or nitrogen CATABOLISM, such as UREA or CREATININE. Severe uremia can lead to multiple organ dysfunctions with a constellation of symptoms.	1.96	1	0
Wounds and Injuries Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.	1.96	1	0
Bleb [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Diabetic Angiopathies VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.	1.96	1	0
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Experimental Lung Inflammation Inflammation of any part, segment or lobe, of the lung parenchyma.	1.96	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	1.96	1	0
Diabetes Mellitus A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.	1.96	1	0
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	1.96	1	0
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	1.96	1	0
Pneumonia Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.	1.96	1	0
Urinary Tract Infections Inflammatory responses of the epithelium of the URINARY TRACT to microbial invasions. They are often bacterial infections with associated BACTERIURIA and PYURIA.	2.37	2	0
Cardiac Diseases [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Heart Diseases Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.	1.96	1	0
Infant, Premature, Diseases Diseases that occur in PREMATURE INFANTS.	1.96	1	0
Labyrinthitis Inflammation of the inner ear (LABYRINTH).	1.99	1	0
Infections, Pneumococcal [description not available]	3.38	1	1
Pneumococcal Infections Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.	3.38	1	1
Complication, Postoperative [description not available]	3.76	2	1
Postoperative Complications Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.	3.76	2	1
Chronic Illness [description not available]	2.38	2	0
Bronchitis Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.	6.97	1	0
Chronic Disease Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed). For epidemiological studies chronic disease often includes HEART DISEASES; STROKE; CANCER; and diabetes (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2).	2.38	2	0
Brain Abscess A circumscribed collection of purulent exudate in the brain, due to bacterial and other infections. The majority are caused by spread of infected material from a focus of suppuration elsewhere in the body, notably the PARANASAL SINUSES, middle ear (see EAR, MIDDLE); HEART (see also ENDOCARDITIS, BACTERIAL), and LUNG. Penetrating CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA and NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES may also be associated with this condition. Clinical manifestations include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; focal neurologic deficits; and alterations of consciousness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp712-6)	6.97	1	0
Pyrexia [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Fever An abnormal elevation of body temperature, usually as a result of a pathologic process.	1.97	1	0
Blood Poisoning [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Sepsis Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.	1.97	1	0
Bacteroides Infections Infections with bacteria of the genus BACTEROIDES.	1.97	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	1.97	1	0
Ureteral Obstruction Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.	1.97	1	0
Infections, Respiratory [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Respiratory Tract Infections Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.	1.97	1	0
Pus [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Obesity A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).	1.96	1	0
Infection, Postoperative Wound [description not available]	1.96	1	0
Infection, Puerperal [description not available]	1.96	1	0

desacetylcefotaxime

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Studies (114)

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desacetylcefotaxime

Description

Cross-References

Synonyms (22)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (114)

Study Types

Related Drugs (47)

Related Conditions (73)