Compounds > hypaconitine
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

hypaconitine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth

Description

hypaconitine: RN given refers to the (1alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-isomer [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID10008952
CHEMBL ID400315
MeSH IDM0162666

Synonyms (5)

Synonym
V0370 ,
hypaconitine
C08688 ,
CHEMBL400315
surecn2848738

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ZT10 dosing of Fuzi generated higher systemic exposures of three toxic alkaloid ingredients aconitine, hypaconitine and mesacon itine compared to ZT22.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"Hypaconitine is an active and highly toxic constituent derived from Aconitum species."( Circadian Cyp3a11 metabolism contributes to chronotoxicity of hypaconitine in mice.
Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Yu, P; Zhou, Z, 2019)		0.51
"Therapeutic applications of Fuzi (lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) are seriously concerned with its toxic effects."( Circadian clock regulates metabolism and toxicity of Fuzi(lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) in mice.
Dong, D; Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2020)		0.56
" ZT10 dosing of Fuzi generated higher systemic exposures of three toxic alkaloid ingredients aconitine (AC), hypaconitine (HA) and mesaconitine (MA) compared to ZT22."( Circadian clock regulates metabolism and toxicity of Fuzi(lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) in mice.
Dong, D; Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2020)		0.56

Pharmacokinetics

Plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of aconitine, mesacon itine, and hypaconitine were investigated after once treatment of Fuzi extract. Area under the curve (AUC) values (reflective of systemic exposure) were significantly higher than those for herb dosing at ZT22.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" The validated method was employed to simultaneous quantitation and successfully used for the first time for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of the six Aconitum alkaloids after intravenous drop administration of "SHEN-FU" injectable powder in phase I clinical trial."( Simultaneous quantitation of aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacokinetics evaluation of "SHEN-FU" injectable powder.
Chen, LJ; Duan, JG; Li, R; Tang, MH; Wang, XH; Wei, YQ; Zhang, F; Zhao, X, 2008)		0.35
" The intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic characters of 3 diester diterpenoid alkaloids in the precipitation were investigated."( Study on intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic characterization of diester diterpenoid alkaloids in precipitation derived from fuzi-gancao herb-pair decoction for its potential interaction mechanism investigation.
Fu, CM; He, Y; He, YX; Liao, W; Yan, D; Zhang, JM, 2013)		0.39
" Moreover, by means of determination of the plasma concentration, the pharmacokinetic characters of 3 alkaloid compounds in rats have been developed."( Study on intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetic characterization of diester diterpenoid alkaloids in precipitation derived from fuzi-gancao herb-pair decoction for its potential interaction mechanism investigation.
Fu, CM; He, Y; He, YX; Liao, W; Yan, D; Zhang, JM, 2013)		0.39
"05), while T1/2, AUC0-t and Cmax of BAC, BHA increased (P<0."( The effects of Rhizoma Zingiberis on pharmacokinetics of six Aconitum alkaloids in herb couple of Radix Aconiti Lateralis-Rhizoma Zingiberis.
Cai, BC; Cui, XB; Li, JS; Li, W; Peng, WW; Wen, HM; Yang, GM; Zhang, YX, 2013)		0.39
" Compared with single-herb extracts, alkaloids in plasma (except methylephedrine, benzoylmesaconine and benzoylhypaconine) showed slower elimination (the mean residence time or half-life was longer), although the maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration curve values decreased."( Simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetics of alkaloids in Herba Ephedrae-Radix Aconiti Lateralis extracts.
Huo, H; Li, H; Luo, J; Song, S; Tang, Q; Xing, X, )		0.13
" Plasma concentrations of HC were determined at designated points after oral administration, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated."( Comparative pharmacokinetics of hypaconitine after oral administration of pure hypaconitine, Aconitum carmichaelii extract and Sini Decoction to rats.
Chen, J; Sun, FF; Sun, S; Zhang, GQ; Zhang, H; Zhang, W; Zhao, L, 2015)		0.42
"To investigate therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetic profiles of aconitine-type alkaloids in CHF rats."( Pharmacokinetics of aconitine-type alkaloids after oral administration of Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) in rats with chronic heart failure by microdialysis and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Cao, Y; Xiong, YK; Yu, B, 2015)		0.42
" Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values (reflective of systemic exposure) and renal distribution of aconitine, hypaconitine and mesaconitine (three putative active constituents) for Fuzi dosing at ZT10 were significantly higher than those for herb dosing at ZT22, suggesting a role of circadian pharmacokinetics in Fuzi chronoefficacy."( Pharmacokinetics-based chronoefficacy of Fuzi against chronic kidney disease.
Gao, L; Lin, J; Lin, Y; Su, C; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Yang, Z, 2021)		0.62

Compound-Compound Interactions

The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CaM were significantly decreased by hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin.

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"To study the effects of hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin on calmodulin (CaM) expression and connexin43 (Cx43) phosphorylation on serine368 (Ser368), as well as to investigate the intervention of liquiritin on these hypaconitine-induced effects."( Effect of hypaconitine combined with liquiritin on the expression of calmodulin and connexin43 in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.
Chen, X; Chen, Y; Peng, W; Wang, J; Yi, M, 2012)		0.38
"The results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of CaM were significantly decreased by hypaconitine used alone and combined with liquiritin."( Effect of hypaconitine combined with liquiritin on the expression of calmodulin and connexin43 in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.
Chen, X; Chen, Y; Peng, W; Wang, J; Yi, M, 2012)		0.38

Bioavailability

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
" These observations indicated that the three alkaloids may not only be P-gp inhibitors but also its substrates; they interact with each other and can potentially enhance their own bioavailability when taken concomitantly."( Intestinal transport of pure diester-type alkaloids from an aconite extract across the Caco-2 cell monolayer model.
Li, N; Liu, Z; Ma, J; Sui, Z; Tsao, R, 2012)		0.38
" The absorption rate and degree of 6-gingerol in the ileum in the Sini Decoction group were significantly higher than those in the Zingiberis Rhizoma group(P<0."( [Comparative study on intestinal absorption kinetics of main active components in Sini Decoction and its separated recipes].
Chen, YL; Fu, CM; Fu, S; Gan, S; Gao, F; Lin, MS; Zhou, F, 2022)		0.72
" For in-vitro experiment, the modified Franz diffusion cell method was used to determine the transdermal absorption rate and 24h cumulative transdermal absorption amount of the active ingredients of crossbow-medicine liquid."( Effect of microneedle roller on promoting transdermal absorption of crossbow-medicine liquid via transdermal administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the safety of crossbow-medicine needle therapy: An experimental study.
Cui, J; Luo, H; Zan, F, 2023)		0.91
" The 24h cumulative transdermal absorption amount and transdermal absorption rate of each ingredient in microneedle-roller group were significantly higher than those in crossbow-medicine liquid application group (all P < 0."( Effect of microneedle roller on promoting transdermal absorption of crossbow-medicine liquid via transdermal administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the safety of crossbow-medicine needle therapy: An experimental study.
Cui, J; Luo, H; Zan, F, 2023)		0.91

Dosage Studied

ExcerptRelevanceReference
"Toxicity was determined based on assessment of heart injury and animal survival after dosing mice with Fuzi decoction at different circadian time points."( Circadian clock regulates metabolism and toxicity of Fuzi(lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) in mice.
Dong, D; Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2020)		0.56
" ZT10 dosing of Fuzi generated higher systemic exposures of three toxic alkaloid ingredients aconitine (AC), hypaconitine (HA) and mesaconitine (MA) compared to ZT22."( Circadian clock regulates metabolism and toxicity of Fuzi(lateral root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx) in mice.
Dong, D; Gao, L; Lin, Y; Wang, S; Wu, B; Yang, Z; Zhou, Z, 2020)		0.56
" In this study, we uncovered that the therapeutic effect of Fuzi (the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux) depended on the dosing time in mice with adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD)."( Pharmacokinetics-based chronoefficacy of Fuzi against chronic kidney disease.
Gao, L; Lin, J; Lin, Y; Su, C; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Yang, Z, 2021)		0.62
"The Fuzi efficacy was higher when the drug was dosed at ZT10 and was lower when the drug was dosed at other times (ZT2, ZT6, ZT14, ZT18 and ZT22) according to measurements of plasma CRE, BUN and urinary NAG."( Pharmacokinetics-based chronoefficacy of Fuzi against chronic kidney disease.
Gao, L; Lin, J; Lin, Y; Su, C; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Yang, Z, 2021)		0.62
"The efficacy of Fuzi against CKD depends on the dosing time in mice, which is associated with circadian pharmacokinetics of the three main active constituents (i."( Pharmacokinetics-based chronoefficacy of Fuzi against chronic kidney disease.
Gao, L; Lin, J; Lin, Y; Su, C; Wang, S; Wang, Z; Wu, B; Yang, Z, 2021)		0.62
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Bioassays (18)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID1193993Antiproliferative activity against human KB cells by sulforhodamine B assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Evaluation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as antiproliferative agents.
AID676150Cytotoxicity against human Ketr3 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676148Cytotoxicity against human A549 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676149Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676145Hepatoprotective activity against DL-galactosamine-induced cell death in rat WB-F344 cells at 10 uM incubated for 1 hr prior to DL-galactosamine-challenge measured after 24 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID1193992Antiproliferative activity against human DU145 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Evaluation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as antiproliferative agents.
AID676151Cytotoxicity against human Bel7402 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID1193991Antiproliferative activity against human A549 cells by sulforhodamine B assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Evaluation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as antiproliferative agents.
AID676142Analgesic activity in mouse assessed as reduction in acetic acid-induced writhing at 0.5 mg/kg, ip relative to vehicle-treated control2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676141Toxicity in ip dosed mouse acetic acid wrtihe model2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676140Toxicity in mouse acetic acid writhe model assessed as mortality at 5 mg/kg, ip2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID312019Growth inhibition of human A172 cells after 6 days2007Journal of natural products, Dec, Volume: 70, Issue:12
Inhibitory effects of diterpenoid alkaloids on the growth of A172 human malignant cells.
AID676152Cytotoxicity against human HCT8 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676147Cytotoxicity against human BGC823 cells at 10 uM after 96 hrs by MTT assay2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID676144Antioxidant activity in rat liver microsome assessed as inhibition of FeSO4-induced lipid peroxidation at 10 uM incubated for 15 mins prior to FeSO4-challenge measured after 15 mins by modified thiobarbituric acid method2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
AID1193994Antiproliferative activity against multidrug-resistant P-gp expressing human KBVIN cells by sulforhodamine B assay2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Evaluation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as antiproliferative agents.
AID1193995Selectivity ratio of GI50 for human KB cells to GI50 for multidrug-resistant P-gp expressing human KBVIN cells2015Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Apr-01, Volume: 25, Issue:7
Evaluation of Aconitum diterpenoid alkaloids as antiproliferative agents.
AID676146Antiinflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophages assessed as inhibition of nitric oxide production at 10 uM2012Journal of natural products, Jun-22, Volume: 75, Issue:6
Diterpenoid alkaloids from the lateral root of Aconitum carmichaelii.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (79)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (1.27)18.7374
1990's10 (12.66)18.2507
2000's16 (20.25)29.6817
2010's43 (54.43)24.3611
2020's9 (11.39)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (1.19%)6.00%
Case Studies2 (2.38%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other81 (96.43%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
acetic acid
Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.		2.4820monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent
methane
Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).		2.0710alkane;
gas molecular entity;
mononuclear parent hydride;
one-carbon compound		bacterial metabolite;
fossil fuel;
greenhouse gas
methanol
Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.		2.0810alkyl alcohol;
one-carbon compound;
primary alcohol;
volatile organic compound		amphiprotic solvent;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
fuel;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
pyridoxine
4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol: structure in first source. vitamin B6 : Any member of the group of pyridines that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B6 deficiency. Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis (scaling on the lips and cracks at the corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen tongue), depression and confusion, and weakened immune function. Vitamin B6 consists of the vitamers pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine and their respective 5'-phosphate esters (and includes their corresponding ionized and salt forms).		2.2110hydroxymethylpyridine;
methylpyridines;
monohydroxypyridine;
vitamin B6		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
berberine
[no description available]		7.0610alkaloid antibiotic;
berberine alkaloid;
botanical anti-fungal agent;
organic heteropentacyclic compound		antilipemic drug;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
EC 1.1.1.141 [15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD(+))] inhibitor;
EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.52 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor;
EC 1.21.3.3 (reticuline oxidase) inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.116 [3'-hydroxy-N-methyl-(S)-coclaurine 4'-O-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.1.1.122 [(S)-tetrahydroprotoberberine N-methyltransferase] inhibitor;
EC 2.7.11.10 (IkappaB kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.3.48 (protein-tyrosine-phosphatase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
hypoglycemic agent;
metabolite;
potassium channel blocker
verapamil
Verapamil: A calcium channel blocker that is a class IV anti-arrhythmia agent.. verapamil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of dexverapamil and (S)-verapamil. An L-type calcium channel blocker of the phenylalkylamine class, it is used (particularly as the hydrochloride salt) in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmia, and as a preventive medication for migraine.. 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-{[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl](methyl)amino}-2-(propan-2-yl)pentanenitrile : A tertiary amino compound that is 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine in which the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen are replaced by a methyl group and a 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methylhexyl group.		2.4820aromatic ether;
nitrile;
polyether;
tertiary amino compound
ether
Ether: A mobile, very volatile, highly flammable liquid used as an inhalation anesthetic and as a solvent for waxes, fats, oils, perfumes, alkaloids, and gums. It is mildly irritating to skin and mucous membranes.. ether : An organooxygen compound with formula ROR, where R is not hydrogen.. diethyl ether : An ether in which the oxygen atom is linked to two ethyl groups.		2.0610ether;
volatile organic compound		inhalation anaesthetic;
non-polar solvent;
refrigerant
vincristine
[no description available]		2.0310acetate ester;
formamides;
methyl ester;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
vinca alkaloid		antineoplastic agent;
drug;
microtubule-destabilising agent;
plant metabolite;
tubulin modulator
skimmianine
skimmianine: furanoquinoline alkaloid from Teclea (RUTACEAE)		7.0610alkaloid antibiotic;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
organonitrogen heterocyclic compound;
oxacycle
trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.. 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid : The arenesulfonic acid that is benzenesulfonic acid with three nitro substituents in the 2-, 4- and 6-positions.		7.0610arenesulfonic acid;
C-nitro compound		epitope;
explosive;
reagent
glycyrrhizic acid
glycyrrhizinic acid : A triterpenoid saponin that is the glucosiduronide derivative of 3beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid.		2.4110enone;
glucosiduronic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid;
tricarboxylic acid;
triterpenoid saponin		EC 3.4.21.5 (thrombin) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
paclitaxel
Taxus: Genus of coniferous yew trees or shrubs, several species of which have medicinal uses. Notable is the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, which is used to make the anti-neoplastic drug taxol (PACLITAXEL).		2.1110taxane diterpenoid;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antineoplastic agent;
human metabolite;
metabolite;
microtubule-stabilising agent
adenosine
quinquefolan B: isolated from roots of Panax quinquefolium L.; RN not in Chemline 10/87; RN from Toxlit		2.0810adenosines;
purines D-ribonucleoside		analgesic;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite;
vasodilator agent
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		2.0710D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine
4-methoxymethylpyridoxine: RN given refers to parent cpd		2.2110pyridines
sweroside
[no description available]		2.2110glycoside
anabasine
Anabasine: A piperidine botanical insecticide.. (S)-anabasine : The (S)-enantiomer of anabasine.. anabasine : A pyridine alkaloid that is pyridine substituted by a piperidin-2-yl group at position 3.		2.610anabasine
gingerol
gingerol: an active ingredient in GINGER along with SHOGAOL. a nonvolatile methoxy phenyl decanone. gingerol : A beta-hydroxy ketone that is 5-hydroxydecan-3-one substituted by a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl moiety at position 1; believed to inhibit adipogenesis. It is a constituent of fresh ginger.		2.4110beta-hydroxy ketone;
guaiacols		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
likviriton
liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0710beta-D-glucoside;
flavanone glycoside;
monohydroxyflavanone;
monosaccharide derivative		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
plant metabolite
dipyrone
Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.		2.110organic sodium saltanti-inflammatory agent;
antipyretic;
antirheumatic drug;
cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor;
non-narcotic analgesic;
peripheral nervous system drug;
prodrug
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.610cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
digoxin
Digoxin: A cardiotonic glycoside obtained mainly from Digitalis lanata; it consists of three sugars and the aglycone DIGOXIGENIN. Digoxin has positive inotropic and negative chronotropic activity. It is used to control ventricular rate in ATRIAL FIBRILLATION and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Its use in congestive heart failure and sinus rhythm is less certain. The margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p666). digoxin : A cardenolide glycoside that is digitoxin beta-hydroxylated at C-12. A cardiac glycoside extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata, it is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and in the management of congestive heart failure with atrial fibrillation, but the margin between toxic and therapeutic doses is small.		2.0710cardenolide glycoside;
steroid saponin		anti-arrhythmia drug;
cardiotonic drug;
EC 3.6.3.9 (Na(+)/K(+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor;
epitope
napelline
napelline: RN given for (1alpha,12alpha,15beta)-isomer; structure in first source		2.9740kaurane diterpenoid
wogonin
wogonin: structure in first source. wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8.		2.2110dihydroxyflavone;
monomethoxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
antineoplastic agent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
plant metabolite
morphine
Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.		2.0310morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary amino compound		anaesthetic;
drug allergen;
environmental contaminant;
geroprotector;
mu-opioid receptor agonist;
opioid analgesic;
plant metabolite;
vasodilator agent;
xenobiotic
verlukast
verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist		2.0810
songorine
songorine: RN given refers to parent cpd; diterpene alkaloid from Aconitum karakolicum Rap.		3.0240
benzoylhypaconine
benzoylhypaconine: Aconitum alkaloid in serum. benzoylhypaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO9 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		8.1650
benzoylaconine
benzoylaconine: alkaloid isolated from Aconitum carmichaeli. benzoylaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C32H45NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		7.9840benzoate ester;
bridged compound;
diterpene alkaloid;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
polyether;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		phytotoxin;
plant metabolite
deoxyaconitine
deoxyaconitine: diterpene alkaloid from Aconitum karakolicum Rap.. deoxyaconitine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C34H47NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		2.7430acetate ester;
benzoate ester;
bridged compound;
diol;
diterpene alkaloid;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
polyether;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound		plant metabolite
benzoylmesaconine
benzoylmesaconine: structure in first source. benzoylmesaconine : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C31H43NO10 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		8.6990benzoate ester;
bridged compound;
diterpene alkaloid;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
polyether;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
tertiary amino compound;
tetrol		analgesic;
antiinfective agent;
plant metabolite
3-(6-isobutyl-9-methoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino(1',2'-1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indol-3-yl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester
3-(6-isobutyl-9-methoxy-1,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12a-octahydropyrazino(1',2'-1,6)pyrido(3,4-b)indol-3-yl)propionic acid tert-butyl ester: a breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor; structure in first source		2.0810
neoline
neoline: Aconitum jaluense; structure in first source. neoline : A diterpene alkaloid with formula C24H39NO6 that is isolated from several Aconitum species.		2.4720
guan-fu base a
Guan-fu base A: an anti-arrhythmia agent; isolated from the tuber of Aconitum doreanum; RN given refers to (2alpha,11alpha,13R)-isomer; structure in first source		1.9910
tridihexethyl
mesaconitine: RN given refers to parent cpd(1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-isomer		6.39500
jesaconitine
jesaconitine: from Acontinum spp.; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (1alpha,3alpha,6alpha,14alpha,15alpha,16beta)-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 7/91		8.1250
aconitine
Aconitine: A C19 norditerpenoid alkaloid (DITERPENES) from the root of ACONITUM; DELPHINIUM and larkspurs. It activates VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNELS. It has been used to induce ARRHYTHMIAS in experimental animals and it has anti-inflammatory and anti-neuralgic properties.. aconitine : A diterpenoid that is 20-ethyl-3alpha,13,15alpha-trihydroxy-1alpha,6alpha,16beta-trimethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)aconitane-8,14alpha-diol having acetate and benzoate groups at the 8- and 14-positions respectively.		6.79750
cyclosporine
Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).		2.0810
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Cardiac Failure
[description not available]		02.5920
Heart Failure
A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.		07.5920
Lung Injury, Acute
[description not available]		02.2510
Acute Edematous Pancreatitis
[description not available]		02.2510
Acute Disease
Disease having a short and relatively severe course.		02.5120
Pancreatitis
INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.		07.2510
Acute Lung Injury
A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).		02.2510
Chronic Kidney Diseases
[description not available]		02.3110
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)		02.3110
Invasiveness, Neoplasm
[description not available]		02.1510
Cardiac Diseases
[description not available]		02.1510
Heart Diseases
Pathological conditions involving the HEART including its structural and functional abnormalities.		02.1510
Necrosis
The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.		02.1510
Asystole
[description not available]		02.0810
Shock, Cardiogenic
Shock resulting from diminution of cardiac output in heart disease.		02.0810
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-Entrant Tachycardia
[description not available]		02.0810
Heart Arrest
Cessation of heart beat or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. If it is treated within a few minutes, heart arrest can be reversed in most cases to normal cardiac rhythm and effective circulation.		02.0810
Tachycardia, Ventricular
An abnormally rapid ventricular rhythm usually in excess of 150 beats per minute. It is generated within the ventricle below the BUNDLE OF HIS, either as autonomic impulse formation or reentrant impulse conduction. Depending on the etiology, onset of ventricular tachycardia can be paroxysmal (sudden) or nonparoxysmal, its wide QRS complexes can be uniform or polymorphic, and the ventricular beating may be independent of the atrial beating (AV dissociation).		02.0810
Adjuvant Arthritis
[description not available]		02.110
Ache
[description not available]		02.4620
Absence Seizure
[description not available]		02.110
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.		02.4620
Seizures
Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.		02.110
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		03.3160
Adverse Drug Event
[description not available]		02.0510
Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.		02.0510
Colitis Gravis
[description not available]		02.0610
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.0610
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		02.0610
Colitis, Ulcerative
Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.		02.0610
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.0610
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		02.0610
Injuries
Used with anatomic headings, animals, and sports for wounds and injuries. Excludes cell damage, for which pathology is used.		02.0710
Wounds and Injuries
Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.		02.0710
Food Poisoning
[description not available]		02.0410
Arrhythmia
[description not available]		02.910
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Any disturbances of the normal rhythmic beating of the heart or MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Cardiac arrhythmias can be classified by the abnormalities in HEART RATE, disorders of electrical impulse generation, or impulse conduction.		02.910
Poisoning
Used with drugs, chemicals, and industrial materials for human or animal poisoning, acute or chronic, whether the poisoning is accidental, occupational, suicidal, by medication error, or by environmental exposure.		03.3120
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		01.9710