Page last updated: 2024-12-06

1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

## 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione: A Versatile Molecule for Research

**1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione**, also known as **dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine-1,4-dione**, is a heterocyclic compound with a unique structure that exhibits a diverse range of properties, making it valuable for various research areas.

**Structure and Properties:**

* **Bidentate Ligand:** It features two nitrogen atoms that can coordinate with metal ions, forming stable complexes.
* **Electron-deficient:** The carbonyl groups on the 5 and 6 positions contribute to its electron-deficient nature, influencing its interactions with metal ions and organic molecules.
* **Redox-active:** The molecule can undergo reversible oxidation and reduction processes, making it suitable for studying electron transfer reactions.
* **Fluorescence:** Its structure allows for fluorescence, offering potential for analytical applications and biological probes.

**Importance in Research:**

1. **Coordination Chemistry:** 1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione forms complexes with various metal ions, particularly transition metals. This property is exploited in:
* **Catalysis:** Developing catalysts for various organic reactions.
* **Materials Science:** Synthesizing new materials with tailored properties, like luminescent materials or magnetic nanoparticles.
* **Sensors:** Designing sensors for specific metal ions, potentially for environmental monitoring or biological applications.

2. **Biochemistry and Biology:**
* **DNA Binding:** Its planar structure and affinity for metal ions make it useful for studying DNA interactions and potential applications in gene delivery.
* **Photodynamic Therapy:** Its ability to absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be used for anticancer treatment.
* **Biological probes:** It can be modified to target specific biological molecules, facilitating the study of cellular processes.

3. **Organic Chemistry:**
* **Organic Synthesis:** Its unique structure provides building blocks for synthesizing novel organic molecules with diverse functionalities.
* **Photochemistry:** Its photophysical properties enable investigating light-induced reactions and energy transfer processes.

**Conclusion:**

1,10-Phenanthroline-5,6-dione is a versatile compound with a wide range of applications in coordination chemistry, biochemistry, organic chemistry, and material science. Its unique structure and properties contribute to its importance in various research areas, leading to advancements in catalysis, sensing, drug development, and material design.

**Note:** While this compound has potential for valuable applications, further research is needed to fully understand its properties and optimize its utilization.

1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione: has antineoplastic, intercalating, and trypanocidal activities; structure given in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID72810
CHEMBL ID235504
SCHEMBL ID460433
MeSH IDM0112615

Synonyms (48)

Synonym
AC-7578
1,2-dione-based compound, 17
bdbm22860
5,6-dihydro-1=10-phenantroline-5,6-dione
cid_72810
nsc-346882
mls003171048 ,
nsc346882
1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione
inchi=1/c12h6n2o2/c15-11-7-3-1-5-13-9(7)10-8(12(11)16)4-2-6-14-10/h1-6
27318-90-7
1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione, 97%
CHEMBL235504
AKOS005068282
STK681092
smr001874957
P1973
[1,10]phenanthroline-5,6-dione
A819012
nsc 346882
1,10-pad
unii-8jd7kxa2w0
8jd7kxa2w0 ,
FT-0600329
SR-01000899541-2
sr-01000899541
SCHEMBL460433
J-400086
DTXSID60181763
mfcd00014473
5,6-dihydro-1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione
GS-4495
CS-D0379
SY019736
1,10-phenanthrolinequinone
phendione
5,6-dioxo-1,10-phenanthroline
1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-quinone
ldn-73794
1,10-phenanthrolin-5,6-dione
bcmh 1-48
BCP22583
stahl phd oxidant
fmoc-(r)-3-amino-3-(4-cyano-phenyl)-propionicacid
1 10-phenanthroline-5 6-dione 97
AMY7204
t5-8
gtpl11323

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The focus of this work is introduction of GelRed (GR) as a stable, sensitive and environmentally safe fluorescent DNA dye instead of the highly toxic ethidium bromide (EB)."( Competitive DNA-Binding Studies between Metal Complexes and GelRed as a New and Safe Fluorescent DNA Dye.
Anjomshoa, M; Torkzadeh-Mahani, M, 2016
)
0.43
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Protein Targets (29)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
glp-1 receptor, partialHomo sapiens (human)Potency2.23870.01846.806014.1254AID624417
WRNHomo sapiens (human)Potency17.78280.168331.2583100.0000AID651768
TDP1 proteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency0.01890.000811.382244.6684AID686978; AID686979
Smad3Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.41250.00527.809829.0929AID588855
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1Plasmodium falciparum 3D7Potency2.81840.707912.194339.8107AID720542
67.9K proteinVaccinia virusPotency10.21750.00018.4406100.0000AID720579; AID720580
IDH1Homo sapiens (human)Potency1.03230.005210.865235.4813AID686970
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursorHomo sapiens (human)Potency44.66843.548119.542744.6684AID743266
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1Homo sapiens (human)Potency26.67950.168316.404067.0158AID720504
VprHuman immunodeficiency virus 1Potency56.23411.584919.626463.0957AID651644
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)Potency7.94336.309660.2008112.2020AID720709
Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.56239.398525.1189AID652106
TAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)Potency12.58931.778316.208135.4813AID652104
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)Potency3.64263.981146.7448112.2020AID720708; AID720711
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Phospholipase C, gamma 1Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)11.21901.21203.16626.3720AID743329
photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptorHomo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.07700.03742.93408.9620AID624394
transactivating tegument protein VP16 [Human herpesvirus 1]Human alphaherpesvirus 1 (Herpes simplex virus type 1)IC50 (µMol)13.13600.94604.70169.4870AID624395
tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)12.48500.16113.96438.0090AID743297
Coagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)Ki68.46670.00251.86697.2500AID1798260
CholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki81.08000.00001.51739.7300AID1798260; AID1798261; AID302993
AcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)Ki100.00000.00001.27869.7300AID1798261; AID302992
Liver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)Ki52.70000.00252.01368.4800AID1798260; AID302991
RNA-editing ligase 1, mitochondrialTrypanosoma brucei bruceiIC50 (µMol)3.51000.41081.47173.5100AID1117295
putative polyproteinIC50 (µMol)8.82250.25083.82838.4620AID720577; AID720578
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Activation Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
MSRA proteinBos taurus (cattle)EC50 (µMol)4.05003.63704.05004.4630AID623963; AID624497
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Other Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
PAX8Homo sapiens (human)AC503.32000.04885.435469.1700AID687027
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD2 isoform 1Homo sapiens (human)AC500.98100.29307.307019.4400AID1053173
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (172)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
angiogenesisRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
associative learningRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
Rap protein signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of actin cytoskeleton organizationRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
intracellular signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of GTPase activityRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of angiogenesisRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of angiogenesisRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein export from nucleusRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of stress fiber assemblyRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of syncytium formation by plasma membrane fusionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
establishment of endothelial barrierRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cAMPRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma kallikrein-kinin cascadeCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
Factor XII activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulation, intrinsic pathwayCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of plasminogen activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein processingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein autoprocessingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood coagulationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
zymogen activationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
fibrinolysisCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
innate immune responseCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
response to misfolded proteinCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of fibrinolysisCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
blood coagulationCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
xenobiotic metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
learningCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cell population proliferationCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuroblast differentiationCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
peptide hormone processingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to alkaloidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cocaine metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmissionCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to glucocorticoidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
response to folic acidCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
choline metabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic process in synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of receptor recyclingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
osteoblast developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine catabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell adhesionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nervous system developmentAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapse assemblyAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of synaptic transmission, cholinergicAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid precursor protein metabolic processAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein secretionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
retina development in camera-type eyeAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine receptor signaling pathwayAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesisAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholesterol biosynthetic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
response to toxic substanceLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol effluxLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cholesterol storageLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
epithelial cell differentiationLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol homeostasisLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
reverse cholesterol transportLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
medium-chain fatty acid metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid biosynthetic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to cholesterolLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to low-density lipoprotein particle stimulusLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cholesterol ester hydrolysis involved in cholesterol transportLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of cholesterol metabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of bile acid secretionLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid catabolic processLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion homeostasisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase IIAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
microglial cell activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of receptor recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of neurotransmitter secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
fatty acid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neutral lipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid metabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial membrane organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
adult locomotory behaviorAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to xenobiotic stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to iron(II) ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of phospholipase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of glutamate secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of dopamine secretionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle primingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of transmembrane transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of microtubule polymerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
receptor internalizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein destabilizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to magnesium ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of transporter activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to lipopolysaccharideAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of monooxygenase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to type II interferonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to oxidative stressAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of SNARE complex assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of locomotionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrial ATP synthesis coupled electron transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of macrophage activationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of exocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of long-term neuronal synaptic plasticityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle endocytosisAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle transportAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inflammatory responseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of acyl-CoA biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein tetramerizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuron apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of serotonin uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of norepinephrine uptakeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
long-term synaptic potentiationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of inositol phosphate biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of thrombin-activated receptor signaling pathwayAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
response to interleukin-1Alpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to copper ionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to epinephrine stimulusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiber organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinoneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of glutathione peroxidase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of hydrogen peroxide catabolic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle recyclingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of reactive oxygen species biosynthetic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein localization to cell peripheryAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of chaperone-mediated autophagyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of presynapse assemblyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synapse organizationAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
chemical synaptic transmissionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA processingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA splicingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of protein stabilityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
response to endoplasmic reticulum stressTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of protein import into nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of circadian rhythmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of apoptotic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation by host of viral transcriptionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
rhythmic processTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cell cycleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA destabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
3'-UTR-mediated mRNA stabilizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear inner membrane organizationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
amyloid fibril formationTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of gene expressionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
adaptive immune responseRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-ion regulated exocytosisRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of exocytosisRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
insulin secretionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of insulin secretionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of synaptic vesicle cycleRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
Ras protein signal transductionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (57)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
protein domain specific bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
serine-type endopeptidase activityCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
misfolded protein bindingCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
catalytic activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activity, acting on ester bondsCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
enzyme bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
choline bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
amyloid-beta bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cholinesterase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
collagen bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
serine hydrolase activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
acetylcholine bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
protein homodimerization activityAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
laminin bindingAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
sterol esterase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
methylumbelliferyl-acetate deacetylase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylesterase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
carboxylic ester hydrolase activityLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
fatty acid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipase D inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
SNARE bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
magnesium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
transcription cis-regulatory region bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein kinase inhibitor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
calcium ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phospholipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
ferrous iron bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
oxidoreductase activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
kinesin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
Hsp70 protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
histone bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
alpha-tubulin bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cysteine-type endopeptidase inhibitor activity involved in apoptotic processAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
tau protein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
phosphoprotein bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
molecular adaptor activityAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
dynein complex bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cuprous ion bindingAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
double-stranded DNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
RNA bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mRNA 3'-UTR bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
lipid bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
pre-mRNA intronic bindingTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
molecular condensate scaffold activityTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activityRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cAMP bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein-macromolecule adaptor activityRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
small GTPase bindingRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (50)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
cortical actin cytoskeletonRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
microvillusRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
endomembrane systemRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
lamellipodiumRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
filopodiumRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
collagen-containing extracellular matrixCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
rough endoplasmic reticulumCoagulation factor XIIHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nuclear envelope lumenCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
blood microparticleCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceCholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
basement membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
Golgi apparatusAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cell surfaceAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
neuromuscular junctionAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic cleftAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
synapseAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
side of membraneAcetylcholinesteraseHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulum lumenLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
lipid dropletLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
endoplasmic reticulumLiver carboxylesterase 1Homo sapiens (human)
platelet alpha granule membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular regionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
extracellular spaceAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
nucleusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
lysosomeAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytosolAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cell cortexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
actin cytoskeletonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
inclusion bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axonAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
growth coneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
synaptic vesicle membraneAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
postsynapseAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
supramolecular fiberAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
protein-containing complexAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
axon terminusAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyAlpha-synucleinHomo sapiens (human)
intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleusTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
perichromatin fibrilsTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
mitochondrionTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
cytoplasmic stress granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nuclear speckTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
interchromatin granuleTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
nucleoplasmTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
chromatinTAR DNA-binding protein 43Homo sapiens (human)
cytosolRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
hippocampal mossy fiber to CA3 synapseRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneRap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (22)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID762061Cytotoxicity against human HL60 cells after 24 hrs by WST-1 assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 23, Issue:16
Effect of the orthoquinone moiety in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on its ability to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and HL-60 cells.
AID762060Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as caspase-3 activation at 10 uM after 4 hrs by FACS flow cytometric analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 23, Issue:16
Effect of the orthoquinone moiety in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on its ability to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and HL-60 cells.
AID302991Inhibition of human carboxylesterase 12007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
AID302993Inhibition of human butyrylcholinesterase2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
AID762059Induction of apoptosis in human HL60 cells assessed as DNA fragmentation at 10 uM after 6 hrs by electrophoretic analysis2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 23, Issue:16
Effect of the orthoquinone moiety in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on its ability to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and HL-60 cells.
AID302990Inhibition of human intestinal carboxylesterase2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
AID1520330Cytotoxicity against human MCF7 cells after 48 hrs by MTT assay2019European journal of medicinal chemistry, Mar-15, Volume: 166All that glitters is not gold: Panning cytotoxic natural products and derivatives with a fused tricyclic backbone by the estimation of their leadlikeness for cancer treatment.
AID302992Inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase 12007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
AID762062Cytotoxicity against human HCT116 cells after 24 hrs by MTT assay2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Aug-15, Volume: 23, Issue:16
Effect of the orthoquinone moiety in 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on its ability to induce apoptosis in HCT-116 and HL-60 cells.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1798260Enzyme Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm0706867: \\Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.\\2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
AID1798261Cholinesterase Inhibition Assay from Article 10.1021/jm0706867: \\Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.\\2007Journal of medicinal chemistry, Nov-15, Volume: 50, Issue:23
Planarity and constraint of the carbonyl groups in 1,2-diones are determinants for selective inhibition of human carboxylesterase 1.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (40)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19901 (2.50)18.7374
1990's1 (2.50)18.2507
2000's13 (32.50)29.6817
2010's19 (47.50)24.3611
2020's6 (15.00)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 29.23

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be moderate demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index29.23 (24.57)
Research Supply Index3.71 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.76 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index34.37 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (29.23)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews1 (2.50%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other39 (97.50%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]