Retene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) found in nature, particularly in coniferous forests. It is formed from the decomposition of diterpenes, such as abietic acid, which are abundant in pine trees. Retene has been identified as a marker compound for the presence of coniferous wood, and its presence in sediments and soils can provide information about past vegetation and climate. Retene is also used in the production of dyes and pigments. While considered a relatively non-toxic PAH, it is a subject of study due to its potential role in atmospheric pollution and its potential health effects, particularly its possible carcinogenic properties.'
retene: structure in first source [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]
| ID Source | ID |
|---|---|
| PubMed CID | 10222 |
| MeSH ID | M0415790 |
| Synonym |
|---|
| 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenanthrene |
| retene |
| wln: l b666j ey k1 |
| nsc26317 |
| reten |
| phenanthrene, 7-isopropyl-1-methyl- |
| nsc-26317 |
| 483-65-8 |
| nci-c55390 |
| 7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene |
| phenanthrene, 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)- |
| 1-methyl-7-(1-methylethyl)phenanthrene |
| einecs 207-597-9 |
| ai3-00840 |
| ccris 3180 |
| nsc 26317 |
| 1-methyl-7-propan-2-ylphenanthrene |
| unii-0w2d2e1p9q |
| 0w2d2e1p9q , |
| FT-0632195 |
| retene [mi] |
| DTXSID7058701 |
| NXLOLUFNDSBYTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| methyl-1-isopropyl-7-phenanthrene |
| AKOS027383435 |
| 7-isopropyl-1-methyl-phenanthrene |
| retene 10 microg/ml in cyclohexane |
| Q7316667 |
| 1-methyl-7-isopropylphenathrene |
| 1-methyl-7-(propan-2-yl)phenanthrene |
Retene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emitted mainly by biomass combustion. Studies concerning its potential hazard to human health are still incipient.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Retene because of its sites of alkylation cannot be metabolized to a diol-epoxide." | ( Potential Metabolic Activation of a Representative C4-Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Retene (1-Methyl-7-isopropyl-phenanthrene) Associated with the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Blair, IA; Hackfeld, LC; Hodge, RP; Huang, M; Mesaros, C; Penning, TM; Zang, T, 2017) | 1.39 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| "Retene treated fish exhibited signs of behavioral irritation and hypoxia during and after the exposure to UV light." | ( Histopathological responses of newly hatched larvae of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus s.l.) to UV-B induced toxicity of retene. Häkkinen, J; Oikari, A; Vehniäinen, E, 2003) | 1.25 |
Retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene) can be more toxic than phenanthrene. The mechanism of retene toxicity is likely related to its rapid biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to metabolites.
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " Retene (10-320 microg l(-1)) was not acutely toxic in the dark." | ( Photoinduced toxicity of retene to Daphnia magna under enhanced UV-B radiation. Huovinen, PS; Oikari, AO; Soimasuo, MR, 2001) | 1.52 |
| "In conventional static or semi-static embryo toxicity assays with fish, the nominal concentrations of hydrophobic chemicals are often used to establish the toxic thresholds, which often far exceed the solubility limits of test compounds." | ( Partiton-controlled delivery of toxicants: a novel in vivo approach for embryo toxicity testing. Akhtar, P; Brown, RS; Hodson, PV; Kiparissis, Y, 2003) | 0.32 |
| " At the highest concentration of ANF, retene toxicity was eliminated, and parent retene was the predominant form in tissue; no concentration of ANF was toxic by itself." | ( Inhibition of CYP1A enzymes by alpha-naphthoflavone causes both synergism and antagonism of retene toxicity to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Akhtar, P; Brown, RS; Hodson, PV; Noble, CA; Qureshi, K, 2007) | 0.83 |
| " Retene cardiotoxicity also differs mechanistically from the cardiac effects of non-alkylated phenanthrane, illustrating that alkyl groups can alter toxic action." | ( AhR2-mediated, CYP1A-independent cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to retene. Hodson, PV; Incardona, JP; Pelkki, K; Scott, JA; Shepardson, S, 2011) | 1.49 |
| " A comparative study of the toxic effects of phenanthrene and retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene, an alkyl-phenanthrene) on the early life stage of marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma) was conducted." | ( Comparative embryotoxicity of phenanthrene and alkyl-phenanthrene to marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Hong, H; Jin, F; Mu, J; Wang, J; Wang, X, 2014) | 0.64 |
| " Retene (7-isopropyl-1-methylphenanthrene), a typical alkyl-phenanthrene compound, can be more toxic than phenanthrene, and the mechanism of retene toxicity is likely related to its rapid biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to metabolites with a wide array of structures and potential toxicities." | ( The effects of CYP1A inhibition on alkyl-phenanthrene metabolism and embryotoxicity in marine medaka (Oryzias melastigma). Cong, Y; Jin, F; Mu, J; Wang, J; Wang, Y, 2016) | 1.34 |
| " The goal of the current study was to determine if organic compounds extracted from the aqueous phase of relatively fresh OSPW from Base-Mine Lake (BML-OSPW) or aged OSPW from Pond 9 experimental reclamation pond (P9-OSPW) modulated toxic potency of the model alkyl-PAH, retene, to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)." | ( Effect of oil sands process-affected water on toxicity of retene to early life-stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). Alharbi, HA; Giesy, JP; Morandi, G; Wiseman, SB, 2016) | 0.86 |
| Excerpt | Reference | Relevance |
|---|---|---|
| " To assess the environmental risks of retene, it is important to evaluate conditions affecting its bioavailability and accumulation by fish." | ( Bioavailability to juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykiss) of retene and other mixed-function oxygenase-active compounds from sediments. Chan, T; Fragoso, N; Hodson, PV; Leppänen, H; Oikari, A, 2002) | 0.82 |
| "The ecological risks of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in aquatic sediments will vary with both toxicity and bioavailability to aquatic biota." | ( Evaluation of an exposure assay to measure uptake of sediment PAH by fish. Fragoso, NM; Hodson, PV; Zambon, S, 2006) | 0.33 |
| Timeframe | Studies, This Drug (%) | All Drugs % |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 2 (4.00) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 0 (0.00) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 18 (36.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 20 (40.00) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 10 (20.00) | 2.80 |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||
According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.
| This Compound (38.74) All Compounds (24.57) |
| Publication Type | This drug (%) | All Drugs (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Trials | 1 (2.00%) | 5.53% |
| Reviews | 0 (0.00%) | 6.00% |
| Case Studies | 0 (0.00%) | 4.05% |
| Observational | 0 (0.00%) | 0.25% |
| Other | 49 (98.00%) | 84.16% |
| [information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023] | ||