n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid profile

N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylic acid, which is an anti-inflammatory medication used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. 5-ASA is a derivative of salicylic acid and is thought to work by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, which are chemicals that contribute to inflammation. 5-ASA is available in a variety of formulations, including oral tablets, capsules, suppositories, and enemas. It is often given in combination with other medications, such as corticosteroids, to help control inflammation. 5-ASA is generally well-tolerated, but side effects can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. 5-ASA is an important medication for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. It has been shown to be effective in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms in patients with these conditions. It is a first-line therapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. 5-ASA is studied extensively to better understand its mechanism of action, optimize its efficacy, and develop new and improved formulations. Research is also being conducted to identify potential new uses for 5-ASA, such as in the treatment of other inflammatory conditions.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	65512
CHEMBL ID	3410756
CHEBI ID	89810
SCHEMBL ID	170522
MeSH ID	M0092432

Synonym
5-acetylamino-salicylic acid
51-59-2
nsc-54183
5-acetamidosalicylic acid
2-hydroxy-5-acetylaminobenzoic acid
n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid
5-(acetylamino)salicylic acid
nsc54183
salicylic acid, 5-acetamido-
benzoic acid, 5-(acetylamino)-2-hydroxy-
IDI1_014653
OPREA1_150410
OPREA1_590376
MAYBRIDGE3_003266
AKOS000104718
HMS1440E10
5-acetamido-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
FT-0661151
FT-0661152
5-(acetylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid
EN300-52452
einecs 200-107-4
9h126z3pf5 ,
unii-9h126z3pf5
nsc 54183
n-acetyl mesalazine
3-carboxyparacetamol
n-acetyl mesalamine
AB06135
2-hydroxy-5-(acetylamino)benzoic acid
cj-46a
acetylmesalazine
SCHEMBL170522
GEFDRROBUCULOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2-hydroxy-5-acetamidobenzoic acid
5-acetamido-2-hydroxy-benzoic acid
CHEMBL3410756
chebi:89810 ,
5-(acetylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, aldrichcpr
DTXSID80199002
mfcd00463101
5-(acetylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoic acid, analytical standard
5-acetaminosalicylic acid
A935786
Q27161998
AML0004
BCP33382
5-acetamido-2-hydroxybenzoic acid;n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid;5-acetamidosalicylic acid
E78518
AS-77007
CS-0005653
Z239128440

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Adverse events and laboratory changes were monitored throughout the study."	( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of balsalazide in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomized, double-blind study. Attard, TM; Bortey, E; Forbes, WP; Heyman, MB; Pieniaszek, HJ; Pohl, JF; Quiros, JA; Walker, K, 2009)	0.35
" Adverse events were similar between the treatment groups, the most common being headache and abdominal pain."	( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of balsalazide in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomized, double-blind study. Attard, TM; Bortey, E; Forbes, WP; Heyman, MB; Pieniaszek, HJ; Pohl, JF; Quiros, JA; Walker, K, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of this drug between two patient groups, with either inflamed small or large bowel and with volunteers."	( Pharmacokinetics of a 5-aminosalicylic acid enteric-coated tablet in patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and in healthy volunteers. Gotthard, R; Norlander, B; Ström, M, 1990)	0.28
" The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of this product to sulphasalazine (SASP; Salazopyrin) and to assess the pharmacokinetics of a suppository 5-ASA dosage form."	( Pharmacokinetics of a 5-aminosalicylic acid enteric-coated tablet and suppository dosage form. Gotthard, R; Norlander, B; Ström, M, 1989)	0.28
"The pharmacokinetic properties of benzalazine ((2-hydroxy-5-[(4-carboxyphenyl)azo]benzoic acid, CAS 64896-26-0), a new agent for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large intestine, were investigated."	( Pharmacokinetic studies of benzalazine. Herzog, R; Leuschner, J, 1994)	0.29
" Pharmacokinetic parameters for balsalazide, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and N-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid were determined at 2 weeks."	( Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of balsalazide in pediatric patients with mild-to-moderate active ulcerative colitis: results of a randomized, double-blind study. Attard, TM; Bortey, E; Forbes, WP; Heyman, MB; Pieniaszek, HJ; Pohl, JF; Quiros, JA; Walker, K, 2009)	0.59

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"The bioavailability of three pure 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations (Asacol, Claversal, and Pentasa) was studied in 8 ileostomy patients and 12 normal subjects after 6 days of treatment with 2000 mg 5-ASA."	( Topical and systemic availability of 5-aminosalicylate: comparisons of three controlled release preparations in man. Abildgaard, K; Bondesen, S; Christensen, LA; Fallingborg, J; Hansen, SH; Hvidberg, EF; Jacobsen, BA; Rasmussen, SN; Sanchez, G, 1990)	0.28
" Food coadministration reduced 5-ASA and acetyl 5-ASA systemic relative bioavailability to 44% and 76%, respectively, compared with the fasting treatment."	( Effect of food coadministration on 5-aminosalicylic acid oral suspension bioavailability. Eichmeier, LS; Elvin, AT; Giesing, DH; Lanman, MB; Lanman, RC; Morrill, B; Yu, DK, 1990)	0.28

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Incubation with higher concentrations of the drugs revealed a dose-response effect on binding with complete inhibition by 100 mM 4ASA and 10 mM olsalazine, and lesser degrees of inhibition by 100 mM 5ASA, N-acetyl-5ASA, and N-acetyl-4ASA."	( Inhibition of binding of interferon-gamma to its receptor by salicylates used in inflammatory bowel disease. Aronson, JK; Crotty, B; Jewell, DP; Rosenberg, WM, 1992)	0.28
" For subjects in a fasting state, plasma 5-ASA and acetyl 5-ASA concentrations peaked rapidly 1 hour after dosing to 14."	( Effect of food coadministration on 5-aminosalicylic acid oral suspension bioavailability. Eichmeier, LS; Elvin, AT; Giesing, DH; Lanman, MB; Lanman, RC; Morrill, B; Yu, DK, 1990)	0.28
" The purpose of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetic profile of this product to sulphasalazine (SASP; Salazopyrin) and to assess the pharmacokinetics of a suppository 5-ASA dosage form."	( Pharmacokinetics of a 5-aminosalicylic acid enteric-coated tablet and suppository dosage form. Gotthard, R; Norlander, B; Ström, M, 1989)	0.28
"Miniaturised methods have been used to construct dose-response curves for the effects of inhibitory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis using individual rectal biopsies obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis."	( Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase in human rectal mucosa. Hawkey, CJ; Lo Casto, M, 1983)	0.27

Class	Description
aminobenzoic acid
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1204222	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 1 hr relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1204226	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 3 hrs relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1282304	Inhibition of N-terminal His6-tagged KDM4C (1 to 352 residues) (unknown origin) expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta 2(DE3)pLysS using biotinylated histone H3 (1 to 21 residues) lysine 9 trimethylated peptide/2 uM alpha-ketoglutarate as substrate/cofacto	2016	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-25, Volume: 59, Issue:4	Docking and Linking of Fragments To Discover Jumonji Histone Demethylase Inhibitors.
AID1204230	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 24 hrs relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1196811	Inhibition of human KLF10 expressed in human HeLa cells assessed as reduction in transcriptional activity at 100 uM after 24 hrs by CACCC-responsive promoter driven TK-luciferase reporter gene assay	2015	Journal of medicinal chemistry, Feb-12, Volume: 58, Issue:3	Discovery of small molecule inhibitors to Krüppel-like factor 10 (KLF10): implications for modulation of T regulatory cell differentiation.
AID1204228	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 4 hrs relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1204224	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 2 hrs relative to control	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1204231	Antiinflammatory activity in Wistar rat assessed as inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema at 10 mg/kg indomethacin mol equivalent, ip administered 1 hr prior to carrageenan challenge measured at 3 hrs relative to indomethacin	2015	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Jun-01, Volume: 25, Issue:11	Synthesis and QSAR study of novel anti-inflammatory active mesalazine-metronidazole conjugates.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).	2014	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808	Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	27 (39.71)	18.7374
1990's	27 (39.71)	18.2507
2000's	7 (10.29)	29.6817
2010's	5 (7.35)	24.3611
2020's	2 (2.94)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	13 (18.31%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	58 (81.69%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	1.99	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
mercaptoethanol Mercaptoethanol: A water-soluble thiol derived from hydrogen sulfide and ethanol. It is used as a reducing agent for disulfide bonds and to protect sulfhydryl groups from oxidation.	1.98	1	0	alkanethiol; primary alcohol	geroprotector
bisacodyl Bisacodyl: A diphenylmethane stimulant laxative used for the treatment of CONSTIPATION and for bowel evacuation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p871)	3.36	1	1	diarylmethane
chloroquine Chloroquine: The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.. chloroquine : An aminoquinoline that is quinoline which is substituted at position 4 by a [5-(diethylamino)pentan-2-yl]amino group at at position 7 by chlorine. It is used for the treatment of malaria, hepatic amoebiasis, lupus erythematosus, light-sensitive skin eruptions, and rheumatoid arthritis.	1.98	1	0	aminoquinoline; organochlorine compound; secondary amino compound; tertiary amino compound	anticoronaviral agent; antimalarial; antirheumatic drug; autophagy inhibitor; dermatologic drug
dapsone [no description available]	1.97	1	0	substituted aniline; sulfone	anti-inflammatory drug; antiinfective agent; antimalarial; leprostatic drug
pentetic acid Pentetic Acid: An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.	1.97	1	0	pentacarboxylic acid	copper chelator
flurbiprofen Flurbiprofen: An anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic of the phenylalkynoic acid series. It has been shown to reduce bone resorption in periodontal disease by inhibiting CARBONIC ANHYDRASE.. flurbiprofen : A monocarboxylic acid that is a 2-fluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl] moiety linked to C-2 of propionic acid. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, it is used as a pre-operative anti-miotic as well as orally for arthritis or dental pain.	1.96	1	0	fluorobiphenyl; monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; a oxidative product of saligenin. 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid : A dihydroxybenzoic acid having the two hydroxy groups at the 2- and 5-positions.	1.98	1	0	dihydroxybenzoic acid	EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; fungal metabolite; human metabolite; MALDI matrix material; mouse metabolite
indomethacin Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.	2.4	2	0	aromatic ether; indole-3-acetic acids; monochlorobenzenes; N-acylindole	analgesic; drug metabolite; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; gout suppressant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic metabolite; xenobiotic
ketotifen Ketotifen: A cycloheptathiophene blocker of histamine H1 receptors and release of inflammatory mediators. It has been proposed for the treatment of asthma, rhinitis, skin allergies, and anaphylaxis.. ketotifen : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 4,9-dihydro-10H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]thiophen-10-one which is substituted at position 4 by a 1-methylpiperidin-4-ylidene group. A blocker of histamine H1 receptors with a stabilising action on mast cells, it is used (usually as its hydrogen fumarate salt) for the treatment of asthma, where it may take several weeks to exert its full effect.	1.98	1	0	cyclic ketone; olefinic compound; organic heterotricyclic compound; organosulfur heterocyclic compound; piperidines; tertiary amino compound	anti-asthmatic drug; H1-receptor antagonist
mesalamine Mesalamine: An anti-inflammatory agent, structurally related to the SALICYLATES, which is active in INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE. It is considered to be the active moiety of SULPHASALAZINE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed). mesalamine : A monohydroxybenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at the 5-position.	14.79	57	11	amino acid; aromatic amine; monocarboxylic acid; monohydroxybenzoic acid; phenols	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
metronidazole Metronidazole: A nitroimidazole used to treat AMEBIASIS; VAGINITIS; TRICHOMONAS INFECTIONS; GIARDIASIS; ANAEROBIC BACTERIA; and TREPONEMAL INFECTIONS.. metronidazole : A member of the class of imidazoles substituted at C-1, -2 and -5 with 2-hydroxyethyl, nitro and methyl groups respectively. It has activity against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, and has a radiosensitising effect on hypoxic tumour cells. It may be given by mouth in tablets, or as the benzoate in an oral suspension. The hydrochloride salt can be used in intravenous infusions. Metronidazole is a prodrug and is selective for anaerobic bacteria due to their ability to intracellularly reduce the nitro group of metronidazole to give nitroso-containing intermediates. These can covalently bind to DNA, disrupting its helical structure, inducing DNA strand breaks and inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis, ultimately resulting in bacterial cell death.	2.11	1	0	C-nitro compound; imidazoles; primary alcohol	antiamoebic agent; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiparasitic agent; antitrichomonal drug; environmental contaminant; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
mitoxantrone Mitoxantrone: An anthracenedione-derived antineoplastic agent.. mitoxantrone : A dihydroxyanthraquinone that is 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone which is substituted by 6-hydroxy-1,4-diazahexyl groups at positions 5 and 8.	2.08	1	0	dihydroxyanthraquinone	analgesic; antineoplastic agent
aminosalicylic acid Aminosalicylic Acid: An antitubercular agent often administered in association with ISONIAZID. The sodium salt of the drug is better tolerated than the free acid.. 4-aminosalicylic acid : An aminobenzoic acid that is salicylic acid substituted by an amino group at position 4.	3.22	6	0	aminobenzoic acid; phenols	antitubercular agent
sulfapyridine Sulfapyridine: Antibacterial, potentially toxic, used to treat certain skin diseases.. sulfapyridine : A sulfonamide consisting of pyridine with a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.	3.07	5	0	pyridines; substituted aniline; sulfonamide antibiotic; sulfonamide	antiinfective agent; dermatologic drug; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine: A drug that is used in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases. Its activity is generally considered to lie in its metabolic breakdown product, 5-aminosalicylic acid (see MESALAMINE) released in the colon. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p907). sulfasalazine : An azobenzene consisting of diphenyldiazene having a carboxy substituent at the 4-position, a hydroxy substituent at the 3-position and a 2-pyridylaminosulphonyl substituent at the 4'-position.	5.99	15	2
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	1.96	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
hydrazine diamine : Any polyamine that contains two amino groups.	1.97	1	0	azane; hydrazines	EC 4.3.1.10 (serine-sulfate ammonia-lyase) inhibitor
2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid lutidinic acid : A pyridinedicarboxylic acid carrying carboxy groups at positions 2 and 4.	2.13	1	0	pyridinedicarboxylic acid
malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde: The dialdehyde of malonic acid.. malonaldehyde : A dialdehyde that is propane substituted by two oxo groups at the terminal carbon atoms respectively. A biomarker of oxidative damage to lipids caused by smoking, it exists in vivo mainly in the enol form.	1.98	1	0	dialdehyde	biomarker
olsalazine olsalazine: cpd with 2 salicylate molecules linked together by an azo bond. olsalazine : An azobenzene that consists of two molecules of 4-aminosalicylic acid joined by an azo linkage. A prodrug for mesalazine, an anti-inflammatory drug, it is used (as the disodium salt) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.	6.25	10	4	azobenzenes; dicarboxylic acid	non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug
ferrous sulfate ferrous sulfate: Ferro-Gradumet is ferrous sulfate in controlled release form; RN given refers to Fe(+2)[1:1] salt. iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) : A compound of iron and sulfate in which the ratio of iron(2+) to sulfate ions is 1:1. Various hydrates occur naturally - most commonly the heptahydrate, which loses water to form the tetrahydrate at 57degreeC and the monohydrate at 65degreeC.	1.97	1	0	iron molecular entity; metal sulfate	reducing agent
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	1.96	1	0	dihydrogen
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.	1.98	1	0	acetate ester; diester; phorbol ester; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetradecanoate ester	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; carcinogenic agent; mitogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase C agonist; reactive oxygen species generator
propionic anhydride [no description available]	1.99	1	0
balsalazide balsalazide: a mesalamine 5-aminosalicylate prodrug; 99% of ingested drug remains intact through the stomach and is delivered to and activated in the colon; used for inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis and radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis but avoided in patients with known hypersensitivity reaction to salicylates or mesalamine; structure in first source. balsalazide : A monohydroxybenzoic acid consisting of 5-aminosalicylic acid (mesalazine) linked to 4-aminobenzoyl-beta-alanine via an azo bond.	3.43	1	1
atomoxetine atomoxetine : A secondary amino compound having methyl and 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropan-1-yl substituents.	2.11	1	0	aromatic ether; secondary amino compound; toluenes	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; antidepressant; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
n-acetylsulfapyridine acetylsulfapyridine: structure in first source	1.97	1	0	sulfonamide
n-acetylglutamic acid N-acetylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer. N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid : An N-acyl-L-amino acid that is L-glutamic acid in which one of the amine hydrogens is substituted by an acetyl group.	2.13	1	0	N-acetyl-L-amino acid; N-acyl-L-glutamic acid	human metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
gant58 GANT58: inhibits hedgehog signalling; structure in first source	2.11	1	0	pyridines
gant 61 GANT 61: a sonic hedgehog pathway inhibitor and Gli inhibitor; structure in first source. GANT61 : An aminal that is hexahydropyrimidine which is substituted on each nitrogen by a 2-(dimethylamino)benzyl group, and at the aminal carbon by a pyridin-4-yl group. A Hedgehog signaling pathway and Gli protein inhibitor.	2.11	1	0	aminal; dialkylarylamine; pyridines; substituted aniline; tertiary amino compound	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; glioma-associated oncogene inhibitor; Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitor
quinidine Quinidine: An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.. quinidine : A cinchona alkaloid consisting of cinchonine with the hydrogen at the 6-position of the quinoline ring substituted by methoxy.	2.08	1	0	cinchona alkaloid	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; anti-arrhythmia drug; antimalarial; drug allergen; EC 1.14.13.181 (13-deoxydaunorubicin hydroxylase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.44 (xenobiotic-transporting ATPase) inhibitor; muscarinic antagonist; P450 inhibitor; potassium channel blocker; sodium channel blocker
n-formylmethionine leucyl-phenylalanine N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine: A formylated tripeptide originally isolated from bacterial filtrates that is positively chemotactic to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and causes them to release lysosomal enzymes and become metabolically activated.. N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine : A tripeptide composed of L-Met, L-Leu and L-Phe in a linear sequence with a formyl group at the amino terminus. It acts as a potent inducer of leucocyte chemotaxis and macrophage activator as well as a ligand for the FPR receptor.	2.38	2	0	tripeptide
arachidonic acid icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid : Any icosatetraenoic acid with the double bonds at positions 5, 8, 11 and 14.. arachidonate : A long-chain fatty acid anion resulting from the removal of a proton from the carboxy group of arachidonic acid.	2.37	2	0	icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenoic acid; long-chain fatty acid; omega-6 fatty acid	Daphnia galeata metabolite; EC 3.1.1.1 (carboxylesterase) inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
riboflavin vitamin B2 : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called flavins that exhibit biological activity against vitamin B2 deficiency. Symptoms associated with vitamin B2 deficiency include glossitis, seborrhea, angular stomaitis, cheilosis and photophobia. The vitamers include riboflavin and its phosphate derivatives (and includes their salt, ionised and hydrate forms).	1.97	1	0	flavin; vitamin B2	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; food colouring; fundamental metabolite; human urinary metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
dipyrone Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.. metamizole sodium : An organic sodium salt of antipyrine substituted at C-4 by a methyl(sulfonatomethyl)amino group, commonly used as a powerful analgesic and antipyretic.	2	1	0	organic sodium salt	anti-inflammatory agent; antipyretic; antirheumatic drug; cyclooxygenase 3 inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; peripheral nervous system drug; prodrug
1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-[(4,6-dimethyl-2-pyrimidinyl)thio]ethanone [no description available]	2.11	1	0	aromatic ketone
4-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)quinoline [no description available]	2.11	1	0	quinolines
capsaicin ALGRX-4975: an injectable capsaicin (TRPV1 receptor agonist) formulation for longlasting pain relief. capsaicinoid : A family of aromatic fatty amides produced as secondary metabolites by chilli peppers.	2	1	0	capsaicinoid	non-narcotic analgesic; TRPV1 agonist; voltage-gated sodium channel blocker
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl: A diphenyl picrate; the ability to decolorize this stable radical indicates reactivity of tested compounds (Banda, Anal Chem 46:1772-7 1974)	1.97	1	0
tolcapone Tolcapone: A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated.. tolcapone : Benzophenone substituted on one of the phenyl rings at C-3 and C-4 by hydroxy groups and at C-5 by a nitro group, and on the other phenyl ring by a methyl group at C-4. It is an inhibitor of catechol O-methyltransferase.	2.11	1	0	2-nitrophenols; benzophenones; catechols	antiparkinson drug; EC 2.1.1.6 (catechol O-methyltransferase) inhibitor
quercetin [no description available]	2.08	1	0	7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
dinoprostone prostaglandin E2 : Prostaglandin F2alpha in which the hydroxy group at position 9 has been oxidised to the corresponding ketone. Prostaglandin E2 is the most common and most biologically potent of mammalian prostaglandins.	2.38	2	0	prostaglandins E	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; oxytocic
dinoprost Dinoprost: A naturally occurring prostaglandin that has oxytocic, luteolytic, and abortifacient activities. Due to its vasocontractile properties, the compound has a variety of other biological actions.. prostaglandin F2alpha : A prostaglandins Falpha that is prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 9, 11 and 15. It is a naturally occurring prostaglandin used to induce labor.	1.98	1	0	monocarboxylic acid; prostaglandins Falpha	human metabolite; mouse metabolite
leukotriene b4 Leukotriene B4: The major metabolite in neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It stimulates polymorphonuclear cell function (degranulation, formation of oxygen-centered free radicals, arachidonic acid release, and metabolism). (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990). leukotriene B4 : A leukotriene composed of (6Z,8E,10E,14Z)-icosatetraenoic acid having (5S)- and (12R)-hydroxy substituents. It is a lipid mediator of inflammation that is generated from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.	1.97	1	0	dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; vasoconstrictor agent
deoxyribose [no description available]	1.97	1	0	deoxypentose	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
verlukast verlukast: LTD4 receptor antagonist	2.08	1	0
mocetinostat mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer. mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11).	1.97	1	0	aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline	antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	2.01	1	0	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
benzalazine [no description available]	2.39	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Plasmodium falciparum Malaria [description not available]	2.1	1	0
Malaria, Falciparum Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.	2.1	1	0
Gastric Ulcer [description not available]	2.11	1	0
Stomach Ulcer Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).	2.11	1	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	2.13	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	2.13	1	0
Colitis Gravis [description not available]	6.7	13	5
Colitis, Ulcerative Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.	6.7	13	5
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	2.42	2	0
Bowel Diseases, Inflammatory [description not available]	3.82	4	0
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Chronic, non-specific inflammation of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Etiology may be genetic or environmental. This term includes CROHN DISEASE and ULCERATIVE COLITIS.	3.82	4	0
Colitis, Granulomatous [description not available]	4.27	4	1
Crohn Disease A chronic transmural inflammation that may involve any part of the DIGESTIVE TRACT from MOUTH to ANUS, mostly found in the ILEUM, the CECUM, and the COLON. In Crohn disease, the inflammation, extending through the intestinal wall from the MUCOSA to the serosa, is characteristically asymmetric and segmental. Epithelioid GRANULOMAS may be seen in some patients.	4.27	4	1
Complications, Pregnancy [description not available]	1.98	1	0
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	1.98	1	0
Neurogenic Inflammation Inflammation caused by an injurious stimulus of peripheral neurons and resulting in release of neuropeptides which affect vascular permeability and help initiate proinflammatory and immune reactions at the site of injury.	2	1	0
Colonic Diseases, Functional Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.	1.98	1	0
Colitis Inflammation of the COLON section of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE), usually with symptoms such as DIARRHEA (often with blood and mucus), ABDOMINAL PAIN, and FEVER.	2.38	2	0
Ileitis Inflammation of any segment of the ILEUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE.	1.97	1	0
Rheumatoid Arthritis [description not available]	1.97	1	0
Arthritis, Rheumatoid A chronic systemic disease, primarily of the joints, marked by inflammatory changes in the synovial membranes and articular structures, widespread fibrinoid degeneration of the collagen fibers in mesenchymal tissues, and by atrophy and rarefaction of bony structures. Etiology is unknown, but autoimmune mechanisms have been implicated.	1.97	1	0
Intestinal Diseases Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.	1.97	1	0
Proctitis INFLAMMATION of the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the RECTUM, the distal end of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).	3.35	1	1
Enteritis Inflammation of any segment of the SMALL INTESTINE.	1.97	1	0
Gastritis Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.	1.97	1	0

n-acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid

Cross-References

Synonyms (52)

Research Excerpts

Toxicity

Pharmacokinetics

Bioavailability

Dosage Studied

Drug Classes (1)

Bioassays (10)

Research

Studies (68)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 15.11

Study Types