Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Sick Building Syndrome

A group of symptoms that are two- to three-fold more common in those who work in large, energy-efficient buildings, associated with an increased frequency of headaches, lethargy, and dry skin. Clinical manifestations include hypersensitivity pneumonitis (ALVEOLITIS, EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC); allergic rhinitis (RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, PERENNIAL); ASTHMA; infections, skin eruptions, and mucous membrane irritation syndromes. Current usage tends to be less restrictive with regard to the type of building and delineation of complaints. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Synonyms(2)

Synonym
Sick House Syndrome
Sick Building Syndrome

Research Excerpts

Overview

ExcerptReference
"Sick house syndrome is caused by not only chemicals but also dampness and biological factors."( Kishi, R; Saijo, Y; Yoshida, T, 2009)

Research

Studies (158)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-19900 (0.00)23.3326
1990's27 (17.09)12.5806
2000's89 (56.33)18.1394
2010's35 (22.15)28.8240
2020's7 (4.43)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
acetaldehyde0low10
acetone0low10
carbon monoxide0low50
propionaldehyde0low10
formaldehyde0low250
thioctic acid0low10
methanol0low30
nitric acid0low10
pentachlorophenol0low10
phthalic acid0low30
1-propanol0medium11
sulfur dioxide0low40
toluene0low40
propofol0low10
methacholine chloride0low10
n-hexanal0low10
chloroform0low20
phencyclidine0medium332
texanol0low10
tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate0low10
tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate0low10
4-cymene0low10
styrene0low10
2-ethylhexanol0low20
4-xylene0low10
3-xylene0low10
1-hexanol0low20
diethylhexyl phthalate0low10
2-naphthol0low10
perylene0low10
chlorfenvinphos0low10
fusarium0low30
methyl n-butyl ketone0low10
acetylcysteine0low10
3-methylfuran0low10
pristane0low10
1-octen-3-ol0low20
2-pentylfuran0low10
n-methylaspartate0low20
mercury0low10
titanium0low10
ozone0medium91
radon0low30
chlorine dioxide0low10
titanium dioxide0low10
geosmin0low10
cetylpyridinium chloride anhydrous0low10
altenuene0low10
altertoxin i0low10
satratoxin g0low30
trichodiene0low10
chaetoglobosins0low10
peroxynitrous acid0low10
hydroxyl radical0low10
aristolochene0low10
3-octanone0low10
epiglucan0low20
griseofulvin0low10
ergosterol0low30
sesquiterpenes0low20
cotinine0low10
capsaicin0low10
nitrogen dioxide0low80
rosin0low10
leukotriene e40low10
aluminum0low20
alternariol0low10
alternariol monomethyl ether0low10
germacrene d0low10
i(3)so3-galactosylceramide0low10
valencene0low10
mocetinostat0low10
zeolites0low20
g(m1) ganglioside0low10
scirpentriol0low10
cellulose0low30
interleukin-80low20
warfarin0low10
satratoxin h0medium31
t-2 toxin0low10
2-methylisoborneol0low10
muramidase0low10
chondroitin sulfates0low10
exudates0low30
deoxyguanosine0low10
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine0low10
lipoteichoic acid0low10
eye0low20
vermiculite0low10

Protein Targets (381)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor120012
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha230023
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor110011
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a9009
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 1150015
TDP1 protein100010
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1110011
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)100010
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha130013
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma120012
aryl hydrocarbon receptor4004
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)6006
geminin8008
Cellular tumor antigen p53150015
Luciferase3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma160016
GLI family zinc finger 3160016
AR protein140014
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3100010
progesterone receptor120012
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1210021
pregnane X nuclear receptor140014
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta110011
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a100010
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)8008
Histone H2A.x5005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2190019
DNA repair and recombination protein RadA0011
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit7007
Cytochrome P450 1A20303
Cytochrome P450 2A60202
Sulfotransferase 1A1 0001
Glutamate receptor 28109
Cytochrome P450 2A50202
Sulfotransferase 1E10001
Sulfotransferase 1A10001
Sulfotransferase 2A10001
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]130013
activating transcription factor 68008
heat shock protein beta-17007
acetylcholinesterase5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha140014
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a5005
glucocerebrosidase2002
Endolysin0033
Acetylcholinesterase0505
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma9009
Secreted chorismate mutase0101
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE3003
Chain A, Avidin0022
Chain A, Avidin0022
Chain B, Avidin0022
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
SMAD family member 25005
SMAD family member 35005
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease4004
farnesoid X nuclear receptor8008
caspase-34004
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor7007
thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor4004
Caspase-71001
caspase-31001
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 55005
Ataxin-26006
lamin isoform A-delta108008
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A4004
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate Oxygenase4004
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q12002
dopamine D1 receptor1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial3003
pregnane X receptor4004
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
USP1 protein, partial5005
NFKB1 protein, partial1001
Microtubule-associated protein tau5005
Thrombopoietin1001
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
arylsulfatase A1001
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 27007
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 14004
D(1A) dopamine receptor2002
flap endonuclease 12002
peripheral myelin protein 224004
survival motor neuron protein isoform d5005
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M13003
Histone deacetylase 30303
Solute carrier family 22 member 60101
Histone deacetylase 40202
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G1001
Histone deacetylase 10303
Histone deacetylase 70202
Histone deacetylase 20303
Polyamine deacetylase HDAC100101
Histone deacetylase 11 0202
Histone deacetylase 80202
Histone deacetylase 60202
Histone deacetylase 90101
Histone deacetylase 50202
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase3003
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE6006
Chain A, HADH2 protein6006
Chain B, HADH2 protein6006
GLS protein5005
67.9K protein5005
chromobox protein homolog 13003
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 14004
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 16006
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi6118
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10213
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
Bile salt export pump0303
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 10101
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-16118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta6118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-26118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-56118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-36118
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-16118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-26118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-46118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-36118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-66118
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0101
Spike glycoprotein2002
D(2) dopamine receptor0011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-16118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-36118
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-26118
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10214
GABA theta subunit6118
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon6118
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain4004
heat shock 70kDa protein 5 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa)2002
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA2002
Caspase-20011
interleukin 85005
ATAD5 protein, partial3003
GALC protein3003
Cytochrome P450 3A40202
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-40112
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20112
Thymidine kinase, cytosolic0102
Deoxycytidine kinase0001
AAA family ATPase 0001
Sterol O-acyltransferase 10101
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 45005
G3003
bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain 2B4004
lethal factor (plasmid)4004
Interferon beta4004
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 3003
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 13003
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial3003
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0101
Chain A, Cruzipain2002
IDH13003
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 21001
15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] isoform 13003
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 24004
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d3003
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G isoform 12103
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0102
Heme oxygenase 1 0101
Heme oxygenase 20101
Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase0101
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Protein (female-specific Histamine Binding Protein 2)0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase3003
aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator0001
thioredoxin reductase1001
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA11001
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 30001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20001
Carbonic anhydrase 120001
Solute carrier family 22 member 30102
Carbonic anhydrase 10203
Carbonic anhydrase 20204
Plasma kallikrein0001
Carbonic anhydrase 30001
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor0202
Carbonic anhydrase 40102
Carbonic anhydrase 60102
Histamine H2 receptor0123
Adenosine receptor A10001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0001
Adenosine receptor A2a0001
Histamine H1 receptor0123
Histamine H1 receptor0213
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 50112
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0102
Histamine H1 receptor0224
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0417
Carbonic anhydrase0102
Carbonic anhydrase 70102
Histamine H2 receptor0011
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0417
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0417
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0418
Histamine N-methyltransferase 0101
Glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 90102
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Carbonic anhydrase0103
Carbonic anhydrase0002
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0417
Solute carrier family 22 member 10102
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 130001
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0417
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H4 receptor 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 40001
Carbonic anhydrase 150001
Carbonic anhydrase 130102
Histamine H4 receptor0123
Histamine H3 receptor0101
Carboxylic ester hydrolase 0001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0417
Carbonic anhydrase 140001
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0102
Histamine H3 receptor0123
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10101
P2Y purinoceptor 120011
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 20011
Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 10011
glp-1 receptor, partial2002
cytochrome P450 2D62002
galanin receptor type 30101
PPM1D protein2002
Nuclear receptor corepressor 10101
Integrin beta-10101
Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase0101
Cytochrome P450 2D60101
Integrin alpha-40101
Cytochrome P450 2C190101
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20101
Nuclear receptor corepressor 20101
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0101
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
Glutamate receptor 11102
Glutamate receptor 31102
Glutamate receptor 41102
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 10101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 30101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 40101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 50101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain C, Respiratory nitrate reductase 1 gamma chain0101
Smad31001
PINK11001
Parkin1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform 11001
serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK11001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 12002
Vpr1001
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 13003
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 31001
Pentachlorophenol 4-monooxygenase0011
ATP phosphoribosyltransferase0101
TAR DNA-binding protein 432002
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
HSP40, subfamily A [Plasmodium falciparum 3D7]0001
Chain A, Immunoglobulin0011
Chain B, Immunoglobulin0011
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20011
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10012
Cytochrome P450 2B60101
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40012
Delta-type opioid receptor0001
Kappa-type opioid receptor0001
Lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0001
Cholinesterase0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 10202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50012
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30012
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20012
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
importin subunit beta-1 isoform 11001
snurportin-11001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Lck0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
Chain A, Ferritin light chain0011
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A90001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30001
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX150101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20001
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0202
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30112
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 20101
Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30011
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0202
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20011
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20011
Sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40011
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60011
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A80001
Sphingosine kinase 20202
Sphingosine kinase 10101
Ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme 20101
SUMO1 activating enzyme subunit 10101
hexokinase0101
DNA polymerase beta1001
SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC90101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 gamma 1 isoform 40101
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform 10101
lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 1 isoform I2002
Vif0101
Tat0101
bifunctional UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase/glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase0101
Cholinesterase0101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX121001
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Albumin0011
Albumin0011
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0101
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 70101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 10101
Protease 0101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1-like protein 10101
Vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 0202
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]