avobenzone profile

Avobenzone, also known as butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, is a chemical compound that is used as a sunscreen ingredient. It is a broad-spectrum UV absorber that effectively protects the skin from harmful UVA and UVB rays. Avobenzone works by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) radiation and converting it into heat, preventing the radiation from damaging the skin. It is synthesized through a multi-step process involving the reaction of 4-methoxybenzophenone with ethyl acetoacetate followed by a series of reactions to introduce the butyl group. Avobenzone has been shown to be effective in preventing sunburn and long-term skin damage, including wrinkles, age spots, and skin cancer. It is particularly effective in protecting against UVA radiation, which is responsible for premature skin aging. Due to its broad-spectrum UV protection and efficacy, avobenzone is a widely used sunscreen ingredient. However, its stability in sunlight is a concern, as it can degrade over time and become less effective. Research is ongoing to improve the stability and efficacy of avobenzone for optimal sunscreen performance. '

Products

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	51040
CHEMBL ID	1200522
CHEBI ID	134751
SCHEMBL ID	15650
MeSH ID	M0142852

Synonym
MLS002695918
BIDD:ER0196
AC-1682
smr001562107
4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxydibenzoylmethane
AKOS015838120
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3-propanedione
DIVK1C_006860
avobenzone (usp/inn)
70356-09-1
D03015
SPECTRUM_001715
BSPBIO_002659
NCGC00095112-02
NCGC00095112-01
avobenzona [inn-spanish]
butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane
avobenzonum [inn-latin]
hsdb 7423
einecs 274-581-6
avobenzone ,
1-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedi- one
parsol 1789
1-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
1-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(p-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione
1,3-propanedione, 1-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-
1-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione
KBIO2_004763
KBIO2_007331
KBIOGR_001592
KBIO2_002195
KBIOSS_002195
KBIO1_001804
KBIO3_001879
SPECTRUM4_001116
SPECPLUS_000764
SPECTRUM2_001663
SPBIO_001845
SPECTRUM3_000990
SPECTRUM1504190
SPECTRUM5_001358
NCGC00095112-03
CHEBI:134751
HMS2093C04
1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione
B3382
neoheliopan 357
eusolex 9020
nsc-758680
CHEMBL1200522
escalol 517
rac-erythro methylphenidate hydrochloride
23644-60-2
HMS1922F17
1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
A836855
butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane
bmdbm cpd
avobenzonum
g63qqf2nox ,
avobenzona
nsc 758680
ec 274-581-6
avobenzone [usan:usp:inn]
unii-g63qqf2nox
tox21_202796
NCGC00260342-01
nsc758680
pharmakon1600-01504190
dtxsid9044829 ,
dtxcid7024829
tox21_111427
cas-70356-09-1
CCG-39080
FT-0623334
NCGC00095112-04
S1904
1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-dione
anthelios sx component avobenzone
avobenzone [usp-rs]
shade uvaguard component avobenzone
butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane [inci]
avobenzone component of capital soleil
avobenzone [usan]
avobenzone [hsdb]
4-methoxy-4'-tert-butyldibenzoylmethane
avobenzone [who-dd]
avobenzone [inn]
avobenzone component of anthelios sx
avobenzone component of shade uvaguard
1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propan-1,3-dione
avobenzone [mi]
avobenzone [mart.]
avobenzone [orange book]
avobenzone [usp monograph]
capital soleil component avobenzone
avobenzone [usp impurity]
4-tert-butyl-4'-methoxy-dibenzoylmethane
HY-B0316
MLS006010050
SCHEMBL15650
tox21_111427_1
NCGC00095112-05
1,3-propanedione, 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-
mfcd00210252
parsol a
1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedione
Q-200661
87075-14-7
1-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
AB00053273_05
AB00053273_04
DB09495
bf2avb
SR-05000001974-1
sr-05000001974
avobenzone, analytical standard
avobenzone, united states pharmacopeia (usp) reference standard
HMS3655C22
avobenzone, pharmaceutical secondary standard; certified reference material
SBI-0052777.P002
HMS3715F14
1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propane-1,3-dione
SW219665-1
Q2775914
avobenzone (parsol 1789)
avobenzone(parsol 1789)
AS-12797
EN300-7406285
avobenzone (mart.)
anti-dark moisturizing cream
avobenzone (usp impurity)
leaders sunbuddy all over sun
avobenzonum (inn-latin)
pondsvao-b3
avobenzone (usp-rs)
ponds clarant b3
avobenzone (usan:usp:inn)
pondsclarant b3
avobenzona (inn-spanish)
1-(4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-propanedi-one
avobenzone (usp monograph)

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Avobenzone is an ultraviolet (UV) filter that is often included in sunscreen formulations despite its lack of photostability. "	( Determining the photostability of avobenzone in sunscreen formulation models using ultrafast spectroscopy. Cebrián, J; Holt, EL; Rodrigues, NDN; Stavros, VG, 2021)	2.34
"Avobenzone is a widely used UV filter."	( Identification of avobenzone by-products formed by various disinfectants in different types of swimming pool waters. Bavcon Kralj, M; Detenchuk, EA; Lebedev, AT; Pokryshkin, SA; Polyakova, OV; Trebše, P, 2020)	1.61

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"avobenzone-d2) led to an increase in the % diketone compared to non-deuterated, determined by 1H NMR experiments in CDCl3 and C6D12."	( The effect of deuteration on the keto-enol equilibrium and photostability of the sunscreen agent avobenzone. Darwish, TA; Murphy, RB; Rawal, A; Staton, J, 2020)	1.5

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"For sunscreens to be safe and effective, the lowest possible UV-filter percutaneous absorption should be achieved."	( Evaluation of sunscreen safety by in vitro skin permeation studies: effects of vehicle composition. Montenegro, L; Puglisi, G, 2013)	0.39
" The focus has been oriented towards developing safe cosmetic formulations with broad-spectrum photoprotection based on these new lipid nanocarriers that contain large amounts of vegetable oils and low concentrations of synthetic UVA and UVB filters (butyl-methoxydibenzoylmethane - BMDBM and octocrylene - OCT)."	( Rice bran and raspberry seed oil-based nanocarriers with self-antioxidative properties as safe photoprotective formulations. Badea, N; Lacatusu, I; Meghea, A; Niculae, G; Stan, R; Vasile, BS, 2014)	0.4
" The sunscreens and their formulations were shown to be toxic to skin model cells to some extent, even when not exposed to UV irradiation; however the biological role of this toxicity is unclear."	( UVA and UVB formulation phototoxicity in a three-dimensional human skin model: Photodegradation effect. Andréo-Filho, N; Duque, MD; Grice, J; Leite-Silva, VR; Lopes, PS; Mathor, MB; Silva, HDT; Uco, DP, 2018)	0.48

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" Titanium dioxide composites are used as a UV filter in sunscreen products combined with organic compounds such as butyl methoxydibenzoyl methane (avobenzone) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) to improve the function of the sunscreen."	( Photolysis of the organic UV filter, avobenzone, combined with octyl methoxycinnamate by nano-TiO2 composites. Im, NR; Kim, EJ; Kim, MJ; Park, SN, 2015)	0.89
"A challenge for cosmetic and dermatologic products is to develop new high-performance and safer anti-aging products based on new compounds to enhance the stability of retinyl palmitate combined with broad-spectrum UV-filters."	( Effects of UV-filter Photostabilizers in the Photostability and Phototoxicity of Vitamin A Palmitate Combined with Avobenzone and Octyl Methoxycinnamate. Benevenuto, CG; Gaspar, LR; Kawakami, CM; Pereira, KC; Rangel, KC; Scarpin, MS, 2021)	0.83

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" The absorption rate of filters was higher from W/O than from O/W emulsions."	( Skin absorption and human exposure estimation of three widely discussed UV filters in sunscreens--In vitro study mimicking real-life consumer habits. Beránková, M; Hojerová, J; Klimová, Z, 2015)	0.42
"The ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is known to limit both brain penetration and oral bioavailability of many chemotherapy drugs."	( A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein. Ambudkar, SV; Brimacombe, KR; Chen, L; Gottesman, MM; Guha, R; Hall, MD; Klumpp-Thomas, C; Lee, OW; Lee, TD; Lusvarghi, S; Robey, RW; Shen, M; Tebase, BG, 2019)	0.51

Product Category	Products
Beauty & Personal Care	1

Product	Brand	Category	Compounds Matched from Ingredients	Date Retrieved
Australian Gold Botanical Sunscreen Natural Spray Non-Sticky SPF 70 -- 6 fl oz	Australian Gold	Beauty & Personal Care	Avobenzone, Homosalate	2024-11-29 10:47:42

Class	Description
dihydrochalcones	Any ketone that is 1,3-diphenylpropanone and its derivatives obtained by substitution.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (46)

Potency Measurements

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.0132	0.0032	45.4673	12,589.2998	AID2517; AID2572; AID2573
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.5358	0.0040	23.8416	100.0000	AID485290; AID489007
Chain A, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain B, HADH2 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0251	20.2376	39.8107	AID893
Chain A, JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 3A	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.6310	35.7641	100.0000	AID504339
Chain A, ATP-DEPENDENT DNA HELICASE Q1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	15.3301	0.1259	19.1169	125.8920	AID2549; AID2708; AID504841
Luciferase	Photinus pyralis (common eastern firefly)	Potency	13.5867	0.0072	15.7588	89.3584	AID1224835
acetylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.6486	0.0025	41.7960	15,848.9004	AID1347395
15-lipoxygenase, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	19.9526	0.0126	10.6917	88.5700	AID887
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.0359	3.1890	29.8841	59.4836	AID1224846; AID1224894
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	7.0015	0.0060	38.0041	19,952.5996	AID1159521; AID1159523
USP1 protein, partial	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	100.0000	0.0316	37.5844	354.8130	AID504865
GLS protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.5893	0.3548	7.9355	39.8107	AID624170
TDP1 protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	20.7329	0.0008	11.3822	44.6684	AID686978; AID686979
GLI family zinc finger 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	23.4269	0.0007	14.5928	83.7951	AID1259369; AID1259392
AR protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.1959	0.0002	21.2231	8,912.5098	AID1259243; AID1259247
apical membrane antigen 1, AMA1	Plasmodium falciparum 3D7	Potency	11.2202	0.7079	12.1943	39.8107	AID720542
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0112	12.4002	100.0000	AID1030
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.5893	0.0006	57.9133	22,387.1992	AID1259378
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	41.5393	0.0010	22.6508	76.6163	AID1224838; AID1224839; AID1224893
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 4	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	12.3018	0.0123	7.9835	43.2770	AID1645841
EWS/FLI fusion protein	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.6168	0.0013	10.1577	42.8575	AID1259252; AID1259253; AID1259255; AID1259256
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	59.1494	0.0002	14.3764	60.0339	AID720692
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	37.3967	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159553; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	21.0640	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841; AID1224848; AID1224849; AID1259403
pregnane X nuclear receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	65.8091	0.0054	28.0263	1,258.9301	AID1346982
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	46.4110	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID1259244; AID1259248; AID743069; AID743075; AID743078; AID743079; AID743080; AID743091
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.6524	0.0017	23.8393	78.1014	AID743083
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	52.7169	19.7391	45.9784	64.9432	AID1159509
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	22.6142	0.0578	21.1097	61.2679	AID1159526; AID1159528
chromobox protein homolog 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	56.2341	0.0060	26.1688	89.1251	AID540317
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	14.1254	3.5481	19.5427	44.6684	AID743266
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	17.7828	0.0178	9.6374	44.6684	AID588834
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	46.2944	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743065; AID743067
heat shock protein beta-1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	43.1029	0.0420	27.3789	61.6448	AID743210
mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	39.8107	0.0398	16.7842	39.8107	AID1454
geminin	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	8.5399	0.0046	11.3741	33.4983	AID624296
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.0316	22.3146	100.0000	AID588579
histone acetyltransferase KAT2A isoform 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	31.6228	0.2512	15.8432	39.8107	AID504327
lamin isoform A-delta10	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.0708	0.8913	12.0676	28.1838	AID1487
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit	Mus musculus (house mouse)	Potency	58.6524	0.0015	57.7890	15,848.9004	AID1259244
Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	7.9433	0.0141	8.6024	39.8107	AID2572
Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	33.2979	0.0015	51.7393	15,848.9004	AID1259244; AID2572
Glutamate receptor 3	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	7.9433	0.0141	8.6024	39.8107	AID2572
Glutamate receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	7.9433	0.0141	8.6024	39.8107	AID2572
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase	Trypanosoma brucei brucei TREU927	Potency	19.9526	0.0601	10.7453	37.9330	AID492961
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Ceullar Components (1)

Process	via Protein(s)	Taxonomy
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
plasma membrane	Glutamate receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (72)

Assay ID	Title	Year	Journal	Article
AID1159607	Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction	2016	Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6	A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID651635	Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13	Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2006	Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5	Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497	High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set	2010	Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1	High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1745845	Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID504749	qHTS profiling for inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum proliferation	2011	Science (New York, N.Y.), Aug-05, Volume: 333, Issue:6043	Chemical genomic profiling for antimalarial therapies, response signatures, and molecular targets.
AID1296008	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening	2020	SLAS discovery : advancing life sciences R & D, 01, Volume: 25, Issue:1	Cytotoxic Profiling of Annotated and Diverse Chemical Libraries Using Quantitative High-Throughput Screening.
AID1346986	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-3-1 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1346987	P-glycoprotein substrates identified in KB-8-5-11 adenocarcinoma cell line, qHTS therapeutic library screen	2019	Molecular pharmacology, 11, Volume: 96, Issue:5	A High-Throughput Screen of a Library of Therapeutics Identifies Cytotoxic Substrates of P-glycoprotein.
AID1347126	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347105	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347083	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347090	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347094	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347128	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347095	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347114	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for DAOY cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347123	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347109	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347093	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347108	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh41 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347092	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for A673 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347129	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347103	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for OHS-50 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347124	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347111	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SK-N-MC cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347115	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for NB-EBc1 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347122	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347082	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347121	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347102	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347101	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347112	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-12 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347117	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for BT-37 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347106	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for control Hh wild type fibroblast cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347100	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347097	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347086	qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal	2020	Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173	A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347107	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for Rh30 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347113	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for LAN-5 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347110	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for A673 cells)	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347104	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for RD cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347119	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for MG 63 (6-TG R) cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347099	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for NB1643 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347116	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347127	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Saos-2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347096	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for U-2 OS cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347098	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SK-N-SH cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347089	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347154	Primary screen GU AMC qHTS for Zika virus inhibitors	2020	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 12-08, Volume: 117, Issue:49	Therapeutic candidates for the Zika virus identified by a high-throughput screen for Zika protease inhibitors.
AID1347091	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Primary screen for SJ-GBM2 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347118	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for TC32 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1508630	Primary qHTS for small molecule stabilizers of the endoplasmic reticulum resident proteome: Secreted ER Calcium Modulated Protein (SERCaMP) assay	2021	Cell reports, 04-27, Volume: 35, Issue:4	A target-agnostic screen identifies approved drugs to stabilize the endoplasmic reticulum-resident proteome.
AID1347125	qHTS of pediatric cancer cell lines to identify multiple opportunities for drug repurposing: Confirmatory screen for Rh18 cells	2018	Oncotarget, Jan-12, Volume: 9, Issue:4	Quantitative high-throughput phenotypic screening of pediatric cancer cell lines identifies multiple opportunities for drug repurposing.
AID1347407	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Pharmaceutical Collection	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID1347425	Rhodamine-PBP qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347424	RapidFire Mass Spectrometry qHTS Assay for Modulators of WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1)	2019	The Journal of biological chemistry, 11-15, Volume: 294, Issue:46	Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens.
AID1347411	qHTS to identify inhibitors of the type 1 interferon - major histocompatibility complex class I in skeletal muscle: primary screen against the NCATS Mechanism Interrogation Plate v5.0 (MIPE) Libary	2020	ACS chemical biology, 07-17, Volume: 15, Issue:7	High-Throughput Screening to Identify Inhibitors of the Type I Interferon-Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Pathway in Skeletal Muscle.
AID977602	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B3-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1178163	In vitro photoprotection of the compound assessed as UVA to UVB ratio by Optometric 290S analyzer	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	Synthesis, antioxidant and photoprotection activities of hybrid derivatives useful to prevent skin cancer.
AID1178162	In vitro photoprotection of the compound assessed as UVA protection factor by Optometric 290S analyzer	2014	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, May-01, Volume: 22, Issue:9	Synthesis, antioxidant and photoprotection activities of hybrid derivatives useful to prevent skin cancer.
AID977599	Inhibition of sodium fluorescein uptake in OATP1B1-transfected CHO cells at an equimolar substrate-inhibitor concentration of 10 uM	2013	Molecular pharmacology, Jun, Volume: 83, Issue:6	Structure-based identification of OATP1B1/3 inhibitors.
AID1159550	Human Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) Inhibitor Screening	2015	Nature cell biology, Nov, Volume: 17, Issue:11	6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase links oxidative PPP, lipogenesis and tumour growth by inhibiting LKB1-AMPK signalling.
AID540299	A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis	2010	Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21	Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519	A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities	2011	Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3	High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	8 (5.03)	18.7374
1990's	11 (6.92)	18.2507
2000's	28 (17.61)	29.6817
2010's	79 (49.69)	24.3611
2020's	33 (20.75)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	14 (7.91%)	5.53%
Reviews	7 (3.95%)	6.00%
Case Studies	8 (4.52%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	148 (83.62%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Assessment of the Human Systemic Absorption of Sunscreen Ingredients [NCT03582215]	Phase 1	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-07-18	Completed
Singlet Oxygen Quantification After Skin Exposure to Ultraviolet A (UVA) Light [NCT05865431]		17 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-03-17	Completed
A Double Blind Randomized Study Comparing the Ultraviolet (UV) Photoprotection With UV Plus Visible Light Photoprotection in the Treatment of Melasma. [NCT01695356]	Phase 4	68 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2012-09-30	Completed
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Avobenzone Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Ecamsule Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Homosalate Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Octinoxate Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Octisalate Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Octocrylene Maximum Concentration
NCT03582215 (7) [back to overview]	Oxybenzone Maximum Concentration

Avobenzone Maximum Concentration

Maximum concentration (observed peak drug concentration) (Cmax) (NCT03582215)
Timeframe: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 23, 28, 33, 47, 52, 57, 71, 73, 74, 76, 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, 95, 120, and 144 h for Part 1; same time points and 216, 312, and 480 h for Part 2

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Cream	1.8
Part 1: Lotion	4.3
Part 1: Spray 1	4.0
Part 1: Spray 2	3.4
Part 2: Lotion	7.1
Part 2: Aerosol Spray	3.5
Part 2: Nonaerosol Spray	3.5
Part 2: Pump Spray	3.3

[back to top]

Ecamsule Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Cream	1.5

[back to top]

Homosalate Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Spray 1	40.3
Part 2: Aerosol Spray	23.1
Part 2: Nonaerosol Spray	17.9
Part 2: Pump Spray	13.9

[back to top]

Octinoxate Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 2: Nonaerosol Spray	7.9
Part 2: Pump Spray	5.2

[back to top]

Octisalate Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Spray 1	10.0
Part 2: Aerosol Spray	5.1
Part 2: Nonaerosol Spray	5.8
Part 2: Pump Spray	4.6

[back to top]

Octocrylene Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Cream	5.7
Part 1: Lotion	5.7
Part 1: Spray 1	2.9
Part 1: Spray 2	7.8
Part 2: Lotion	7.8
Part 2: Aerosol Spray	6.6
Part 2: Nonaerosol Spray	6.6

[back to top]

Oxybenzone Maximum Concentration

Intervention	ng/mL (Geometric Mean)
Part 1: Lotion	169.3
Part 1: Spray 1	209.6
Part 1: Spray 2	194.9
Part 2: Lotion	258.1
Part 2: Aerosol Spray	180.1

[back to top]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
bromide Bromides: Salts of hydrobromic acid, HBr, with the bromine atom in the 1- oxidation state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	2.21	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic bromine
methane Methane: The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed). methane : A one-carbon compound in which the carbon is attached by single bonds to four hydrogen atoms. It is a colourless, odourless, non-toxic but flammable gas (b.p. -161degreeC).	7.31	1	0	alkane; gas molecular entity; mononuclear parent hydride; one-carbon compound	bacterial metabolite; fossil fuel; greenhouse gas
dihydroxyacetone [no description available]	3.08	1	0	ketotriose; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone	antifungal agent; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	2.1	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
hydroquinone [no description available]	3.41	1	1	benzenediol; hydroquinones	antioxidant; carcinogenic agent; cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; skin lightening agent
methanol Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.. primary alcohol : A primary alcohol is a compound in which a hydroxy group, -OH, is attached to a saturated carbon atom which has either three hydrogen atoms attached to it or only one other carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms attached to it.. methanol : The primary alcohol that is the simplest aliphatic alcohol, comprising a methyl and an alcohol group.	2.25	1	0	alkyl alcohol; one-carbon compound; primary alcohol; volatile organic compound	amphiprotic solvent; Escherichia coli metabolite; fuel; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
melatonin [no description available]	2.15	1	0	acetamides; tryptamines	anticonvulsant; central nervous system depressant; geroprotector; hormone; human metabolite; immunological adjuvant; mouse metabolite; radical scavenger
nitroxyl nitroxyl: hydroxamic acid oxidized to nitroxyl free radical. nitroxyl : A nitrogen oxoacid consisting of an oxygen atom double-bonded to an NH group.	2	1	0	nitrogen oxoacid
4-aminobenzoic acid 4-Aminobenzoic Acid: An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS.. 4-ammoniobenzoate : A zwitterion obtained by transfer of a proton from the carboxy to the amino group of 4-aminobenzoic acid.. 4-aminobenzoic acid : An aminobenzoic acid in which the amino group is para to the carboxy group.	6.41	7	2	aminobenzoic acid; aromatic amino-acid zwitterion	allergen; Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite
thymine [no description available]	1.98	1	0	pyrimidine nucleobase; pyrimidone	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
toluene methylbenzene : Any alkylbenzene that is benzene substituted with one or more methyl groups.	2	1	0	methylbenzene; toluenes; volatile organic compound	cholinergic antagonist; fuel additive; neurotoxin; non-polar solvent
5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide: do not confuse with DMPO (4',5'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4-phenyl-5,2'-oxidocoumarin). 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide : A member of the class of 1-pyrroline nitrones (1-pyrroline N-oxides) resulting from the formal N-oxidation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline. Used as a spin trap for the study of radicals formed by enzymatic acetaldehyde oxidation.	2.07	1	0	1-pyrroline nitrones	neuroprotective agent; spin trapping reagent
camphor, (+-)-isomer [no description available]	4.91	8	1	bornane monoterpenoid; cyclic monoterpene ketone	plant metabolite
diclofenac Diclofenac: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) with antipyretic and analgesic actions. It is primarily available as the sodium salt.. diclofenac : A monocarboxylic acid consisting of phenylacetic acid having a (2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino group at the 2-position.	7.17	1	0	amino acid; aromatic amine; dichlorobenzene; monocarboxylic acid; secondary amino compound	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
benzophenone benzophenone : The simplest member of the class of benzophenones, being formaldehyde in which both hydrogens are replaced by phenyl groups.	2.49	2	0	benzophenones	photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
erythrosine Fluoresceins: A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.	2.02	1	0
glutaral Glutaral: One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.. glutaraldehyde : A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.	3.51	1	1	dialdehyde	cross-linking reagent; disinfectant; fixative
ketoprofen Ketoprofen: An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.. ketoprofen : An oxo monocarboxylic acid that consists of propionic acid substituted by a 3-benzoylphenyl group at position 2.	2.83	3	0	benzophenones; oxo monocarboxylic acid	antipyretic; drug allergen; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; xenobiotic
kojic acid [no description available]	7.15	1	0	4-pyranones; enol; primary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; EC 1.10.3.1 (catechol oxidase) inhibitor; EC 1.10.3.2 (laccase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.24 (quercetin 2,3-dioxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.3 (D-amino-acid oxidase) inhibitor; NF-kappaB inhibitor; skin lightening agent
methoxsalen Methoxsalen: A naturally occurring furocoumarin compound found in several species of plants, including Psoralea corylifolia. It is a photoactive substance that forms DNA ADDUCTS in the presence of ultraviolet A irradiation.. methoxsalen : A member of the class of psoralens that is 7H-furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one in which the 9 position is substituted by a methoxy group. It is a constituent of the fruits of Ammi majus. Like other psoralens, trioxsalen causes photosensitization of the skin. It is administered topically or orally in conjunction with UV-A for phototherapy treatment of vitiligo and severe psoriasis.	3.76	2	1	aromatic ether; psoralens	antineoplastic agent; cross-linking reagent; dermatologic drug; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite
oxybenzone oxybenzone : A hydroxybenzophenone that is benzophenone which is substituted at the 2- and 4-positions of one of the benzene rings by hydroxy and methoxy groups respectively.	8.36	19	4	hydroxybenzophenone; monomethoxybenzene	dermatologic drug; environmental contaminant; protective agent; ultraviolet filter; xenobiotic
4-aminobenzoic acid para-Aminobenzoates: Benzoic acids, salts, or esters that contain an amino group attached to carbon number 4 of the benzene ring structure.. 4-aminobenzoate : An aromatic amino-acid anion that is the conjugate base of 4-aminobenzoic acid.	7.59	10	5	aminobenzoate; aromatic amino-acid anion	Escherichia coli metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
estrone Hydroxyestrones: Estrone derivatives substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position. They are important metabolites of estrone and other estrogens.	2.6	1	0	17-oxo steroid; 3-hydroxy steroid; phenolic steroid; phenols	antineoplastic agent; bone density conservation agent; estrogen; human metabolite; mouse metabolite
methylene blue Methylene Blue: A compound consisting of dark green crystals or crystalline powder, having a bronze-like luster. Solutions in water or alcohol have a deep blue color. Methylene blue is used as a bacteriologic stain and as an indicator. It inhibits GUANYLATE CYCLASE, and has been used to treat cyanide poisoning and to lower levels of METHEMOGLOBIN.. methylene blue : An organic chloride salt having 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium as the counterion. A commonly used dye that also exhibits antioxidant, antimalarial, antidepressant and cardioprotective properties.	2.21	1	0	organic chloride salt	acid-base indicator; antidepressant; antimalarial; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.8 (cholinesterase) inhibitor; EC 4.6.1.2 (guanylate cyclase) inhibitor; fluorochrome; histological dye; neuroprotective agent; physical tracer
2-methylpentane Hexanes: Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.	2.31	1	0	alkane
isopropyl myristate isopropyl myristate: used for microemulsions; structure	2.11	1	0	fatty acid ester
homosalate homosalate: cpd not photoallergenic	10.07	2	1	benzoate ester; phenols
2-ethylhexyl salicylate 2-ethylhexyl salicylate: structure given in first source	5.65	6	1	benzoate ester; phenols
dibenzoylmethane dibenzoylmethane : A beta-diketone that is acetylacetone (acac) in which both methyl groups have been replaced by phenyl groups. It is a minor constituent of the root extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) and exhibits antimutagenic and anticancer effects.	2.74	3	0	aromatic ketone; beta-diketone	antimutagen; antineoplastic agent; metabolite
dioxybenzone dioxybenzone: structure	2.21	1	0	benzophenones
catechin Catechin: An antioxidant flavonoid, occurring especially in woody plants as both (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin (cis) forms.. catechin : Members of the class of hydroxyflavan that have a flavan-3-ol skeleton and its substituted derivatives.. rac-catechin : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (+)- and (-)-catechin. (+)-catechin : The (+)-enantiomer of catechin and a polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.	2.06	1	0	catechin	antioxidant; plant metabolite
cetyl palmitate palmityl palmitate : A palmitate ester resulting from the formal condensation of palmitic acid with palmityl alcohol. It is used as a thickener and emollient in cosmetics.	2.07	1	0	hexadecanoate ester	metabolite
tristearin tristearoylglycerol : A triglyceride that is glycerol in which all three hydroxy groups have been formally esterified with stearic acid.	2.74	3	0	triacylglycerol 54:0	Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite; plant metabolite
tripalmitin tripalmitin: structure. tripalmitin : A triglyceride obtained by formal acylation of the three hydroxy groups of glycerol by palmitic (hexadecanoic) acid.	2.11	1	0	triglyceride
2-methylresorcinol [no description available]	2.15	1	0
zinc oxide Zinc Oxide: A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.	8.21	5	0	zinc molecular entity
d-alpha tocopherol Vitamin E: A generic descriptor for all TOCOPHEROLS and TOCOTRIENOLS that exhibit ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL activity. By virtue of the phenolic hydrogen on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus, these compounds exhibit varying degree of antioxidant activity, depending on the site and number of methyl groups and the type of ISOPRENOIDS.. tocopherol : A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain a chroman-6-ol nucleus substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and by a saturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. They are designated as alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol depending on the number and position of additional methyl substituents on the aromatic ring. Tocopherols occur in vegetable oils and vegetable oil products, almost exclusively with R,R,R configuration. Tocotrienols differ from tocopherols only in having three double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain.. vitamin E : Any member of a group of fat-soluble chromanols that exhibit biological activity against vitamin E deficiency. The vitamers in this class consists of a chroman-6-ol core which is substituted at position 2 by a methyl group and (also at position 2) either a saturated or a triply-unsaturated hydrocarbon chain consisting of three isoprenoid units. The major function of vitamin E is to act as a natural antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and molecular oxygen.. (R,R,R)-alpha-tocopherol : An alpha-tocopherol that has R,R,R configuration. The naturally occurring stereoisomer of alpha-tocopherol, it is found particularly in sunflower and olive oils.	2.74	3	0	alpha-tocopherol	algal metabolite; antiatherogenic agent; anticoagulant; antioxidant; antiviral agent; EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor; immunomodulator; micronutrient; nutraceutical; plant metabolite
fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate: Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.. fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate : The 5-isomer of fluorescein isothiocyanate. Acts as a fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins; used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.	2.02	1	0	fluorescein isothiocyanate
sulisobenzone [no description available]	2.06	1	0	benzophenones
octylmethoxycinnamate octylmethoxycinnamate: a sunscreen used for prevention of DNA photodamage	9.83	47	4	cinnamate ester
octocrylene [no description available]	7.84	21	2	diarylmethane
iridium Iridium: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.	2.17	1	0	cobalt group element atom; platinum group metal atom
molybdenum Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	2.11	1	0	chromium group element atom	micronutrient
ruthenium Ruthenium: A hard, brittle, grayish-white rare earth metal with an atomic symbol Ru, atomic number 44, and atomic weight 101.07. It is used as a catalyst and hardener for PLATINUM and PALLADIUM.	2.61	2	0	iron group element atom; platinum group metal atom
titanium Titanium: A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures.	11.1	10	1	titanium group element atom
erbium Erbium: Erbium. An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Er, atomic number 68, and atomic weight 167.26.	2.99	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
xenon Xenon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.	3.47	1	1	monoatomic xenon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom
deuterium Deuterium: The stable isotope of hydrogen. It has one neutron and one proton in the nucleus.	2.25	1	0	dihydrogen
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	2.63	2	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
titanium dioxide titanium dioxide: used medically as protectant against externally caused irritation & sunlight; high concentrations of dust may cause irritation to respiratory tract; RN given refers to titanium oxide (TiO2); structure. titanium dioxide : A titanium oxide with the formula TiO2. A naturally occurring oxide sourced from ilmenite, rutile and anatase, it has a wide range of applications.	11.1	10	1	titanium oxides	food colouring
padimate-o padimate-O: active ingredient in sunscreen products	6.65	6	3	benzoate ester
octyl dimethyl 4-aminobenzoic acid [no description available]	2.17	1	0
epigallocatechin gallate epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis). (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin.	2.06	1	0	flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol	antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite
4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane 4-isopropyldibenzoylmethane: causes allergic or photoallergic contact dermatitis; structure given in first source; used as a UVA filter for sunscreens	3.08	5	0
diacetyldichlorofluorescein diacetyldichlorofluorescein: stable storage form of dichlorofluorescein	2.02	1	0
avobenzone, padimate o drug combination avobenzone, padimate O drug combination: contains 7% padimate O & 3% Parsol 1789; has proven absorption throughout the UVB and UVA spectrum	3.48	2	0
fusidic acid terephthalylidene dicamphor sulfonic acid: structure given in first source; abreviated as TDSA; FDA approved 2006 as component of Anthelios SX along with avobenzone and octocrylene	7.59	6	3	monoterpenoid
uvinul t 150 Uvinul T 150: RN given refers to cpd with unknown MF; no further information available 5/89	2.11	1	0
singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen: An excited state of molecular oxygen generated photochemically or chemically. Singlet oxygen reacts with a variety of biological molecules such as NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS; causing oxidative damages.	2.48	2	0	chalcogen; monoatomic oxygen; nonmetal atom	macronutrient
tinuvin 770 Tinuvin 770: used as a light stabilizer for polyolefins; an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker; structure given in first source	2.01	1	0
naringenin (S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.	7.11	1	0	(2S)-flavan-4-one; naringenin	expectorant; plant metabolite
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	2.95	4	0	cyclodextrin
resveratrol trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration.	2.51	2	0	resveratrol	antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger
retinol Vitamin A: Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.. vitamin A : Any member of a group of fat-soluble retinoids produced via metabolism of provitamin A carotenoids that exhibit biological activity against vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is involved in immune function, vision, reproduction, and cellular communication.. all-trans-retinol : A retinol in which all four exocyclic double bonds have E- (trans-) geometry.. retinol : A retinoid consisting of 3,7-dimethylnona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol substituted at position 9 by a 2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl group (geometry of the four exocyclic double bonds is not specified).	3.41	1	1	retinol; vitamin A	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
squalene Addavax: an oil-water nanoemulsion and adjuvant containing squalene, Tween 80, and sorbitane trioleate	2.07	1	0	triterpene	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
stilbenes Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.	2.51	2	0	stilbene
tempo TEMPO: structure. TEMPO : A member of the class of aminoxyls that is piperidine that carries an oxidanediyl group at position 1 and methyl groups at positions 2, 2, 6, and 6, respectively.	2	1	0	aminoxyls; piperidines	catalyst; ferroptosis inhibitor; radical scavenger
sodium dodecyl sulfate Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.. sodium dodecyl sulfate : An organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.	2.25	1	0	organic sodium salt	detergent; protein denaturant
beta carotene beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.	2.11	1	0	carotenoid beta-end derivative; cyclic carotene	antioxidant; biological pigment; cofactor; ferroptosis inhibitor; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; provitamin A
retinol palmitate retinol palmitate: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. retinyl palmitate : A palmitate ester of retinol with undefined geometry about the C=C bonds.. all-trans-retinyl palmitate : An all-trans-retinyl ester obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of palmitic (hexadecanoic acid) with the hydroxy group of all-trans-retinol. It is used in cosmetic products to treat various skin disorders such as acne, skin aging, wrinkles, dark spots, and also protect against psoriasis.	2.31	1	0	all-trans-retinyl ester; retinyl palmitate	antioxidant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite
rutin Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	4.21	3	1	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
mangiferin shamimin: isolated from the leaves of Bombax ceiba; structure in first source	7.11	1	0	C-glycosyl compound; xanthones	anti-inflammatory agent; antioxidant; hypoglycemic agent; plant metabolite
octylmethoxycinnamate [no description available]	2.1	1	0	cinnamate ester
cinoxate [no description available]	3.47	1	1
diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate: a UV filtering agent; structure in first source	7.52	2	0	benzophenones
phosphatidylcholines Phosphatidylcholines: Derivatives of PHOSPHATIDIC ACIDS in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to a CHOLINE moiety.	2.74	3	0	1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine
ubiquinone Ubiquinone: A lipid-soluble benzoquinone which is involved in ELECTRON TRANSPORT in mitochondrial preparations. The compound occurs in the majority of aerobic organisms, from bacteria to higher plants and animals.	2.1	1	0
enzacamene enzacamene: structure in first source; 4-MBC for short;	4.67	6	1
4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene [no description available]	2.17	1	0	BODIPY compound
piperidines Piperidines: A family of hexahydropyridines.	2.01	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.5	2	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
tetracycline Tetracycline: A naphthacene antibiotic that inhibits AMINO ACYL TRNA binding during protein synthesis.. tetracycline : A broad-spectrum polyketide antibiotic produced by the Streptomyces genus of actinobacteria.	2.99	1	0
salicylates Salicylates: The salts or esters of salicylic acids, or salicylate esters of an organic acid. Some of these have analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis.. hydroxybenzoate : Any benzoate derivative carrying a single carboxylate group and at least one hydroxy substituent.. salicylates : Any salt or ester arising from reaction of the carboxy group of salicylic acid, or any ester resulting from the condensation of the phenolic hydroxy group of salicylic acid with an organic acid.. salicylate : A monohydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of salicylic acid.	5.65	6	1	monohydroxybenzoate	plant metabolite
bemotrizinol [no description available]	5.29	6	2	methoxybenzenes

Condition	Indicated	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Innate Inflammatory Response [description not available]	0	2.05	1	0
Inflammation A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.	0	2.05	1	0
Encephalitis, Polio [description not available]	0	2.06	1	0
Poliomyelitis An acute infectious disease of humans, particularly children, caused by any of three serotypes of human poliovirus (POLIOVIRUS). Usually the infection is limited to the gastrointestinal tract and nasopharynx, and is often asymptomatic. The central nervous system, primarily the spinal cord, may be affected, leading to rapidly progressive paralysis, coarse FASCICULATION and hyporeflexia. Motor neurons are primarily affected. Encephalitis may also occur. The virus replicates in the nervous system, and may cause significant neuronal loss, most notably in the spinal cord. A rare related condition, nonpoliovirus poliomyelitis, may result from infections with nonpoliovirus enteroviruses. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp764-5)	0	2.06	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	0	2.81	3	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	1	4.81	3	0
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	0	3.03	1	0
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	0	3.03	1	0
Anemia, Fanconi [description not available]	0	2.13	1	0
Fanconi Anemia Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)	0	2.13	1	0
Congenital Zika Syndrome [description not available]	0	2.25	1	0
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	0	2.94	3	0
Zika Virus Infection A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including MICROCEPHALY and may also lead to GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME.	0	2.25	1	0
Chloasma [description not available]	0	4.79	2	1
Melanosis Disorders of increased melanin pigmentation that develop without preceding inflammatory disease.	1	6.79	2	1
Sunburn An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.	1	7.59	6	1
Skin Aging The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.	0	2.43	2	0
Dermatitis, Contact, Phototoxic [description not available]	0	3.05	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	0	4.14	3	1
Dermatitis, Contact, Photoallergic [description not available]	0	4.67	6	1
Hand Dermatosis [description not available]	0	2.17	1	0
Hand Dermatoses Skin diseases involving the HANDS.	0	2.17	1	0
Allergic Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	3.12	5	0
Dermatitis, Allergic Contact A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.	0	3.12	5	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	0	2.1	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	0	2.1	1	0
Genetic Predisposition [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Aura [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Absence Seizure [description not available]	0	2.15	1	0
Epilepsy A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)	0	2.15	1	0
Seizures Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or seizure disorder.	0	2.15	1	0
Actinic Reticuloid Syndrome [description not available]	0	6.81	9	3
Contact Dermatitis [description not available]	0	2.89	4	0
Dermatitis, Contact A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.	0	2.89	4	0
Erythema Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of disease processes.	0	4.05	3	1
Libman-Sacks Disease [description not available]	0	2.89	1	0
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.	0	2.89	1	0
Experimental Radiation Injuries [description not available]	0	1.97	1	0
Keratitis Inflammation of the cornea.	0	1.97	1	0
Cheilitis Inflammation of the lips. It is of various etiologies and degrees of pathology.	0	1.97	1	0
Eczema, Atopic [description not available]	0	1.96	1	0
Dermatitis, Atopic A chronic inflammatory genetically determined disease of the skin marked by increased ability to form reagin (IgE), with increased susceptibility to allergic rhinitis and asthma, and hereditary disposition to a lowered threshold for pruritus. It is manifested by lichenification, excoriation, and crusting, mainly on the flexural surfaces of the elbow and knee. In infants it is known as infantile eczema.	0	1.96	1	0

avobenzone

Cross-References

Synonyms (142)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (46)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (72)

Research

Studies (159)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.05

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Avobenzone Maximum Concentration

Ecamsule Maximum Concentration

Homosalate Maximum Concentration

Octinoxate Maximum Concentration

Octisalate Maximum Concentration

Octocrylene Maximum Concentration

Oxybenzone Maximum Concentration

avobenzone

Cross-References

Synonyms (142)

Research Excerpts

Overview

Actions

Toxicity

Compound-Compound Interactions

Bioavailability

Occurs in Manufacturing (1 Product(s))

Product Categories

Products

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (46)

Potency Measurements

Ceullar Components (1)

Bioassays (72)

Research

Studies (159)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 61.05

Study Types

Clinical Trials (3)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Avobenzone Maximum Concentration

Ecamsule Maximum Concentration

Homosalate Maximum Concentration

Octinoxate Maximum Concentration

Octisalate Maximum Concentration

Octocrylene Maximum Concentration

Oxybenzone Maximum Concentration

Related Drugs (84)

Related Conditions (42)