mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex

Definition

Target type: cellularcomponent

A proton-transporting ATP synthase complex found in the mitochondrial membrane. [GOC:mah, GOC:mtg_sensu]

Mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, also known as ATP synthase, is a large, multi-subunit enzyme responsible for the synthesis of ATP, the primary energy currency of cells. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, a highly specialized structure that plays a crucial role in cellular respiration. The enzyme consists of two major components: F1 and F0. F1 is the catalytic portion, located in the mitochondrial matrix, and contains the active site where ATP synthesis occurs. It comprises five different subunits: α, β, γ, δ, and ε. The α and β subunits form a hexameric ring that binds and hydrolyzes ATP. The γ subunit acts as a rotor, rotating within the αβ ring, driven by proton flow across the inner mitochondrial membrane. The δ and ε subunits stabilize the γ subunit and regulate the enzyme's activity. F0 is the transmembrane portion of the complex, embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It is responsible for proton translocation across the membrane, generating the proton motive force that drives ATP synthesis. F0 consists of three subunits: a, b, and c. The a subunit acts as a stator, anchoring the F0 complex to the membrane and providing a channel for proton flow. The b subunit forms dimers that connect F1 to F0. The c subunit forms a ring that rotates within the a subunit, driven by proton flow. The rotation of the c ring is coupled to the rotation of the γ subunit in F1, ultimately leading to ATP synthesis. The cellular component of mitochondrial proton-transporting ATP synthase complex is a dynamic structure, with its individual components constantly interacting and moving. This intricate organization allows the enzyme to harness the proton motive force generated by the electron transport chain to produce ATP, providing the energy required for cellular processes.'
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Proteins (5)

Compounds (8)