Compounds > vicenin ii
Page last updated: 2024-12-08

vicenin ii

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

vicenin: isolated from the leaves of the Indian plant Ocimum sanctum were tested for their radioprotective effect in mice [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

isovitexin 8-C-beta-glucoside : A C-glycosyl compound that is isovitexin in which the hydrogen at position 8 is replaced by a beta-D-glucosyl residue. [Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID442664
CHEMBL ID1442950
CHEBI ID69814
SCHEMBL ID5826175
MeSH IDM0523508

Synonyms (32)

Synonym
violantin
vicenin
vicenin ii
MLS000575019 ,
smr000232371
apigenin-6,8-di-c-glycoside
5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone-6,8-di-c-glucoside
23666-13-9
vicenin-2
AC1L9D6K ,
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-bis[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one
NCGC00247567-01
chebi:69814 ,
CHEMBL1442950
HMS2210F06
apigenin-6,8-di-c-glycopyranoside
isovitexin 8-c-beta-glucoside
AKOS015896841
SCHEMBL5826175
AC-34904
surecn5826175
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6,8-bis[(2s,3r,4r,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]chromen-4-one
vicenin -2
vicenin 2, primary pharmaceutical reference standard
6,8-di-c-glucosylapigenin
mfcd08458851
HY-N2165
CS-0019465
vicenin-ii; 6,8-di-c-glucosylapigenin
MS-30565
DTXSID80904219
viceninii

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The novel integrated double peak pharmacokinetic approach to studying the holistic pharmacokinetic properties of traditional Chinese medicine has been successfully developed and validated using AM as a model drug."( Integrated pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of multiple flavonoid C-glycosides components in rat after oral administration of Abrus mollis extract and correlations with bio-effects.
Gu, N; Huo, M; Jiang, Z; Wang, H; Xiong, F; Yan, C; Zheng, C, 2015)		0.42

Compound-Compound Interactions

ExcerptReferenceRelevance
"The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of novel flavonoid vicenin-2 (VCN-2), an active constituent of the medicinal herb Ocimum Sanctum Linn or Tulsi, as a single agent and in combination with docetaxel (DTL) in carcinoma of prostate (CaP)."( Anti-cancer effects of novel flavonoid vicenin-2 as a single agent and in synergistic combination with docetaxel in prostate cancer.
Awasthi, S; Fast, S; Nagaprashantha, LD; Roby, R; Singhal, J; Singhal, SS; Vatsyayan, R, 2011)		0.37
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Roles (1)

RoleDescription
metaboliteAny intermediate or product resulting from metabolism. The term 'metabolite' subsumes the classes commonly known as primary and secondary metabolites.
[role information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Drug Classes (2)

ClassDescription
trihydroxyflavoneAny hydroxyflavone carrying three hydroxy groups at unspecified positions.
C-glycosyl compoundA glycosyl compound arising formally from the elimination of water from a glycosidic hydroxy group and an H atom bound to a carbon atom, thus creating a C-C bond.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (8)

Potency Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverage (µ)Min (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASEHomo sapiens (human)Potency3.16230.003245.467312,589.2998AID2517
Chain A, 2-oxoglutarate OxygenaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency28.18380.177814.390939.8107AID2147
glucocerebrosidaseHomo sapiens (human)Potency10.00000.01268.156944.6684AID2101
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2Homo sapiens (human)Potency89.12510.035520.977089.1251AID504332
lysosomal alpha-glucosidase preproproteinHomo sapiens (human)Potency35.48130.036619.637650.1187AID1466; AID2242
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.48133.548118.039535.4813AID1466
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)Potency35.48133.548118.039535.4813AID1466
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)Potency8.91251.995325.532750.1187AID624287
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (5)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
negative regulation of inflammatory response to antigenic stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
renal water homeostasisGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathwayGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
regulation of insulin secretionGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
cellular response to glucagon stimulusGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (2)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
G protein activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
adenylate cyclase activator activityGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (1)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
plasma membraneGuanine nucleotide-binding protein GHomo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (57)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID504810Antagonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588501High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Lethal Factor Protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588497High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain F protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID504812Inverse Agonists of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor: HTS campaign2010Endocrinology, Jul, Volume: 151, Issue:7
A small molecule inverse agonist for the human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
AID1745845Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Current protocols in cytometry, Oct, Volume: Chapter 13Microsphere-based flow cytometry protease assays for use in protease activity detection and high-throughput screening.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2006Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology, May, Volume: 69, Issue:5
Microsphere-based protease assays and screening application for lethal factor and factor Xa.
AID588499High-throughput multiplex microsphere screening for inhibitors of toxin protease, specifically Botulinum neurotoxin light chain A protease, MLPCN compound set2010Assay and drug development technologies, Feb, Volume: 8, Issue:1
High-throughput multiplex flow cytometry screening for botulinum neurotoxin type a light chain protease inhibitors.
AID1347082qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: LASV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347086qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Arenaviruses (LCMV): LCMV Primary Screen - GLuc reporter signal2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID1347083qHTS for Inhibitors of the Functional Ribonucleoprotein Complex (vRNP) of Lassa (LASV) Arenavirus: Viability assay - alamar blue signal for LASV Primary Screen2020Antiviral research, 01, Volume: 173A cell-based, infectious-free, platform to identify inhibitors of lassa virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) activity.
AID651635Viability Counterscreen for Primary qHTS for Inhibitors of ATXN expression
AID1070395Cytotoxicity against human Caco2 cells at 50 to 200 uM relative to control2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID611513Antiinflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophage assessed as decreased LPS-stimulated NO production at 0.01 to 1 ug/mL after 10 mins using Griess reagent by spectrophotometry2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1070400Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells in glucose free medium at 50 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1070397Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in HBSS medium at 50 uM by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID611509Antiinflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophage assessed as decrease in LPS-stimulated TNFalpha release at 0.01 to 10 ug/mL after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control in presence of LPS2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1348277Upregulation of IRS1 mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID426927Cytotoxicity against african green monkey Vero cells after 3 days by MTT assay2009Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6
7-O-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides from the whole plant of Nervilia fordii.
AID1070396Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells in HBSS medium at 50 uM by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID611512Increase in NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage at 1000 ug/mL after 24 hrs by nuclear absorbance assay2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1348273Upregulation of INS1 mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1348264Induction of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-6 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay relative to 16.7 mM glucose control2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070405Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in glucose rich medium at 50 to 100 uM at pH 6.0 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348272Induction of 3.3 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M pretreated for 72 hrs in presence of 11.1 mM glucose followed by 3.3 mM glucose stimulation after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070407Lipophilicity, log P of the compound by micellar chromatography2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348276Upregulation of INSR mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070398Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells in glucose free medium at 50 uM at pH 6.0 in apical side and pH 7.4 at basolateral side by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348274Upregulation of INS2 mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070401Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in glucose free medium at 50 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348265Induction of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay relative to 16.7 mM glucose control2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID611511Inhibition of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage at 10 to 500 ug/mL after 24 hrs by nuclear absorbance assay2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1070399Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in glucose free medium at 50 uM at pH 6.0 in apical side and pH 7.4 at basolateral side by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1070402Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells in low glucose medium at 50 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348267Induction of 3.3 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-6 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID611508Antiinflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophage assessed as increase in LPS-stimulated TNFalpha release at 100 to 1000 ug/mL after 24 hrs by ELISA relative to control in presence of LPS2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID611514Antiinflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophage assessed as decreased LPS-stimulated NO production at 10 to 500 ug/mL after 10 mins using Griess reagent by spectrophotometry2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1348279Upregulation of MFAB mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070403Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in low glucose medium at 50 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348270Induction of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-6 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070417Stability of the compound at 25 degC by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348266Induction of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-10 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay relative to 16.7 mM glucose control2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID611687Pro-inflammatory activity in mouse peritoneal macrophage assessed as increased NO production at 1000 ug/mL after 10 mins using Griess reagent by spectrophotometry in presence of LPS2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID611510Inhibition of NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophage at 0.01 to 10 ug/mL after 24 hrs by nuclear absorbance assay2011Journal of natural products, Jun-24, Volume: 74, Issue:6
Vicenin-2, a potential anti-inflammatory constituent of Urtica circularis.
AID1348268Induction of 6.6 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-6 M after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1348275Upregulation of PDX1 mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1070406Apparent permeability from apical to basolateral side in human Caco2 cells in glucose rich medium at 50 to 100 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348271Induction of 16.7 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M pretreated for 72 hrs in presence of 11.1 mM glucose followed by 16.7 mM glucose stimulation after 60 mins by radioimmunoassay relative to 16.7 mM glucose2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID775570Inhibition of PTP1B (unknown origin) using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate at 100 uM2013Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 23, Issue:21
Evaluation of licorice flavonoids as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors.
AID1070404Apparent permeability from basolateral to apical side in human Caco2 cells in glucose rich medium at 50 to 100 uM at pH 7.4 by HPLC-DAD analysis2014Journal of natural products, Mar-28, Volume: 77, Issue:3
Evaluation of intestinal permeability of vicenin-2 and lychnopholic acid from Lychnophora salicifolia (Brazilian arnicão) using Caco-2 cells.
AID1348278Upregulation of GLUT2 mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID1348280Upregulation of GCGR mRNA expression in NMRI mouse pancreatic islets at 10'-8 M after 72 hrs by Taqman-based qRT-PCR analysis2017Journal of natural products, 12-22, Volume: 80, Issue:12
Phenolic Substances from Ocimum Species Enhance Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Modulate the Expression of Key Insulin Regulatory Genes in Mice Pancreatic Islets.
AID426928Antiviral activity against HSV1 infected in african green monkey Vero cells assessed as total inhibitory concentration after 3 days by plaque reduction assay2009Journal of natural products, Jun, Volume: 72, Issue:6
7-O-methylkaempferol and -quercetin glycosides from the whole plant of Nervilia fordii.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (66)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's1 (1.52)18.2507
2000's13 (19.70)29.6817
2010's43 (65.15)24.3611
2020's9 (13.64)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 11.26

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index11.26 (24.57)
Research Supply Index4.23 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.50 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (11.26)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews2 (2.94%)6.00%
Case Studies1 (1.47%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other65 (95.59%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]
SubstanceRelationship StrengthStudiesTrialsClassesRoles
chlorine
chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.		2.0810halide anion;
monoatomic chlorine		cofactor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite
gallic acid
gallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.		2.1710trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
niacinamide
nicotinamide : A pyridinecarboxamide that is pyridine in which the hydrogen at position 3 is replaced by a carboxamide group.		2.1310pyridine alkaloid;
pyridinecarboxamide;
vitamin B3		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
cofactor;
EC 2.4.2.30 (NAD(+) ADP-ribosyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
neuroprotective agent;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite;
Sir2 inhibitor
nitrites
Nitrites: Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)		2.0610monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite
glyburide
Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide. glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group.		2.1110monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent
indomethacin
Indomethacin: A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits CYCLOOXYGENASE, which is necessary for the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS and other AUTACOIDS. It also inhibits the motility of POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES.. indometacin : A member of the class of indole-3-acetic acids that is indole-3-acetic acid in which the indole ring is substituted at positions 1, 2 and 5 by p-chlorobenzoyl, methyl, and methoxy groups, respectively. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, it is used in the treatment of musculoskeletal and joint disorders including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, bursitis and tendinitis.		2.0610aromatic ether;
indole-3-acetic acids;
monochlorobenzenes;
N-acylindole		analgesic;
drug metabolite;
EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
gout suppressant;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug;
xenobiotic metabolite;
xenobiotic
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one
2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: specific inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; structure in first source		2.6120chromones;
morpholines;
organochlorine compound		autophagy inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor;
geroprotector
sennoside a&b
[no description available]		2.0410
alloxan
Alloxan: Acidic compound formed by oxidation of URIC ACID. It is isolated as an efflorescent crystalline hydrate.. alloxan : A member of the class of pyrimidones, the structure of which is that of perhydropyrimidine substituted at C-2, -4, -5 and -6 by oxo groups.		2.1110pyrimidonehyperglycemic agent;
metabolite
diethylnitrosamine
Diethylnitrosamine: A nitrosamine derivative with alkylating, carcinogenic, and mutagenic properties.. N-nitrosodiethylamine : A nitrosamine that is N-ethylethanamine substituted by a nitroso group at the N-atom.		2.2510nitrosaminecarcinogenic agent;
hepatotoxic agent;
mutagen
lysine
Lysine: An essential amino acid. It is often added to animal feed.. lysine : A diamino acid that is caproic (hexanoic) acid bearing two amino substituents at positions 2 and 6.. L-lysine : An L-alpha-amino acid; the L-isomer of lysine.		2.110aspartate family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
lysine;
organic molecular entity;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
anticonvulsant;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetonitrile
acetonitrile: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd. acetonitrile : A nitrile that is hydrogen cyanide in which the hydrogen has been replaced by a methyl group.		2.1710aliphatic nitrile;
volatile organic compound		EC 3.5.1.4 (amidase) inhibitor;
NMR chemical shift reference compound;
polar aprotic solvent
furaldehyde
Furaldehyde: A heterocyclic compound consisting of a furan where the hydrogen at position 2 is substituted by a formyl group.. furfural : An aldehyde that is furan with the hydrogen at position 2 substituted by a formyl group.		2.1110aldehyde;
furans		Maillard reaction product;
metabolite
flavanone
flavanone: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation; structure in first source. flavanone : The simplest member of the class of flavanones that consists of flavan bearing an oxo substituent at position 4.		2.110flavanones
hesperidin
Hesperidin: A flavanone glycoside found in CITRUS fruit peels.. hesperidin : A disaccharide derivative that consists of hesperetin substituted by a 6-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.54203'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
flavanone glycoside;
monomethoxyflavanone;
rutinoside		mutagen
flavone
flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source. flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2.		2.110flavonesmetabolite;
nematicide
acetylcysteine
N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.		3.2510acetylcysteine;
L-cysteine derivative;
N-acetyl-L-amino acid		antidote to paracetamol poisoning;
antiinfective agent;
antioxidant;
antiviral drug;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human metabolite;
mucolytic;
radical scavenger;
vulnerary
fructosamine
Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.		2.110
barium chloride
barium chloride: RN given refers to parent cpd. barium chloride : The inorganic dichloride salt of barium.		2.0810barium salt;
inorganic chloride		potassium channel blocker
tetradecanoylphorbol acetate
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate: A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.. phorbol ester : Esters of phorbol, originally found in croton oil (from Croton tiglium, of the family Euphorbiaceae). A number of phorbol esters possess activity as tumour promoters and activate the mechanisms associated with cell growth. Some of these are used in experiments as activators of protein kinase C.. phorbol 13-acetate 12-myristate : A phorbol ester that is phorbol in which the hydroxy groups at the cyclopropane ring juction (position 13) and the adjacent carbon (position 12) have been converted into the corresponding acetate and myristate esters. It is a major active constituent of the seed oil of Croton tiglium. It has been used as a tumour promoting agent for skin carcinogenesis in rodents and is associated with increased cell proliferation of malignant cells. However its function is controversial since a decrease in cell proliferation has also been observed in several cancer cell types.		2.1110acetate ester;
diester;
phorbol ester;
tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetradecanoate ester		antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
carcinogenic agent;
mitogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase C agonist;
reactive oxygen species generator
glucose, (beta-d)-isomer
beta-D-glucose : D-Glucopyranose with beta configuration at the anomeric centre.. (1->4)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->4) linkages.. (1->3)-beta-D-glucan : A beta-D-glucan in which the glucose units are connected by (1->3) linkages.		6.56570D-glucopyranoseepitope;
mouse metabolite
betulinic acid
[no description available]		2.3110hydroxy monocarboxylic acid;
pentacyclic triterpenoid		anti-HIV agent;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
plant metabolite
2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone
monoacetylphloroglucinol: structure in first source. 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone : A benzenetriol that is acetophenone in which the hydrogens at positions 2, 4, and 6 on the phenyl group are replaced by hydroxy groups. It is used as a matrix in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry for the analysis of acidic glycans and glycopeptides.		2.0510aromatic ketone;
benzenetriol;
methyl ketone		MALDI matrix material;
plant metabolite
tangeretin
tangeretin: structure given in first source; from citrus plants; inhibits invasion of MO4 mouse cells into embryonic chick heart in vitro. tangeretin : A pentamethoxyflavone flavone with methoxy groups at positions 4', 5, 6 , 7 and 8.. pentamethoxyflavone : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by a five methoxy groups.		2.1110pentamethoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
hesperetin
[no description available]		2.11103'-hydroxyflavanones;
4'-methoxyflavanones;
monomethoxyflavanone;
trihydroxyflavanone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
plant metabolite
nobiletin
nobiletin : A methoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 8, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.1110methoxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
liquiritigenin
liquiritigenin: structure given in first source; isolated from Pterocarpus marsupium. 4',7-dihydroxyflavanone : A dihydroxyflavanone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.. liquiritigenin : A dihydroxyflavanone compound having the two hydroxy substituents at the 4'- and 7-positions. Isolated from the root of Glycyrrhizae uralensis, it is a selective agonist for oestrogen receptor beta.		2.08104',7-dihydroxyflavanonehormone agonist;
plant metabolite
n(6)-carboxymethyllysine
N(6)-carboxymethyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer; structure given in first source. N(6)-carboxymethyl-L-lysine : An L-lysine derivative with a carboxymethyl substituent at the N(6)-position.		2.110L-lysine derivative;
non-proteinogenic L-alpha-amino acid		antigen
glabridin
[no description available]		2.0810hydroxyisoflavansantiplasmodial drug
xylose
xylopyranose: structure in first source		2.0510D-xylose
sinensetin
sinensetin: isolated from citrus fruit; exhibit antiadhesive action on platelets. sinensetin : A pentamethoxyflavone that is flavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 5, 6, 7, 3' and 4' respectively.		2.1110pentamethoxyflavoneplant metabolite
docetaxel anhydrous
Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.		3.620secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antimalarial;
antineoplastic agent;
photosensitizing agent
hydroxyl radical
Hydroxyl Radical: The univalent radical OH. Hydroxyl radical is a potent oxidizing agent.		210oxygen hydride;
oxygen radical;
reactive oxygen species
schaftoside
schaftoside: structure in first source. schaftoside : A C-glycosyl compound that is apigenin substituted by beta-D-glucopyranosyl and an alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl moieties at positions 6 and 8 via C-glycosidic linkages.		2.1110
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
5-hydroxymethylfurfural: has antisickling activity; HMF is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural : A member of the class of furans that is furan which is substituted at positions 2 and 5 by formyl and hydroxymethyl substituents, respectively. Virtually absent from fresh foods, it is naturally generated in sugar-containing foods during storage, and especially by drying or cooking. It is the causative component in honey that affects the presystemic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of GZ in-vivo.		2.1110arenecarbaldehyde;
furans;
primary alcohol		indicator;
Maillard reaction product
5-demethylnobiletin
5-demethylnobiletin: antineoplastic from Citrus plants; structure in first source		2.1110ether;
flavonoids
arabinose
[no description available]		2.0710L-arabinoseEscherichia coli metabolite;
mouse metabolite
naringenin
(S)-naringenin : The (S)-enantiomer of naringenin.		2.4420(2S)-flavan-4-one;
naringenin		expectorant;
plant metabolite
naringin
[no description available]		2.110(2S)-flavan-4-one;
4'-hydroxyflavanones;
dihydroxyflavanone;
disaccharide derivative;
neohesperidoside		anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
metabolite
Euchrestaflavanone A
[no description available]		2.0810flavanones
likviriton
liquiritin: isoalted from Glycyrrhizae radix. liquiritin : A flavanone glycoside that is liquiritigenin attached to a beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue at position 4' via a glycosidic linkage.		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
flavanone glycoside;
monohydroxyflavanone;
monosaccharide derivative		anti-inflammatory agent;
anticoronaviral agent;
plant metabolite
trans-4-coumaric acid
hydroxycinnamic acid : Any member of the class of cinnamic acids carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.. trans-4-coumaric acid : The trans-isomer of 4-coumaric acid.. 4-coumaric acid : A coumaric acid in which the hydroxy substituent is located at C-4 of the phenyl ring.		2.17104-coumaric acidfood component;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite
glycosides
[no description available]		3.2450
stilbenes
Stilbenes: Organic compounds that contain 1,2-diphenylethylene as a functional group.. trans-stilbene : The trans-isomer of stilbene.		2.0210stilbene
sesquiterpenes
[no description available]		2.110
caffeic acid
trans-caffeic acid : The trans-isomer of caffeic acid.		2.4620caffeic acidgeroprotector;
mouse metabolite
chlorogenic acid
caffeoylquinic acid: Antiviral Agent; structure in first source. chlorogenate : A monocarboxylic acid anion that is the conjugate base of chlorogenic acid; major species at pH 7.3.		2.4920cinnamate ester;
tannin		food component;
plant metabolite
isoschaftoside
isoschaftoside: structure in first source. isoschaftoside : A C-glycosyl compound that is apigenin substituted at positions 6 and 8 by alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl and beta-D-glucosyl residues respectively.		2.8130C-glycosyl compound;
trihydroxyflavone		metabolite
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide
4-(5-benzo(1,3)dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzamide: a TGF-beta type I receptor kinase activity inhibitor		2.2110benzamides;
benzodioxoles;
imidazoles;
pyridines		EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor
quercetin
[no description available]		2.08107-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger
apigenin
Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.		6.56570trihydroxyflavoneantineoplastic agent;
metabolite
luteolin
[no description available]		3.61803'-hydroxyflavonoid;
tetrahydroxyflavone		angiogenesis inhibitor;
anti-inflammatory agent;
antineoplastic agent;
apoptosis inducer;
c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.85 (fatty acid synthase) inhibitor;
immunomodulator;
nephroprotective agent;
plant metabolite;
radical scavenger;
vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist
beta carotene
beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. Beta carotene is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC).. provitamin A : A provitamin that can be converted into vitamin A by enzymes from animal tissues.		2.1710carotenoid beta-end derivative;
cyclic carotene		antioxidant;
biological pigment;
cofactor;
ferroptosis inhibitor;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
provitamin A
luteolin-7-glucoside
luteolin-7-glucoside: has both antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities; has 3C protease inhibitory activity; isolated from Ligustrum lucidum. luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside : A glycosyloxyflavone that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		2.3110beta-D-glucoside;
glycosyloxyflavone;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
plant metabolite
quercetin 3-o-glucopyranoside
quercetin 3-O-glucopyranoside: structure in first source. quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside : A quercetin O-glucoside that is quercetin with a beta-D-glucosyl residue attached at position 3. Isolated from Lepisorus contortus, it exhibits antineoplastic activityand has been found to decrease the rate of polymerization and sickling of red blood cells		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
quercetin O-glucoside;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
antipruritic drug;
bone density conservation agent;
geroprotector;
histamine antagonist;
osteogenesis regulator;
plant metabolite
kaempferol
[no description available]		2.08107-hydroxyflavonol;
flavonols;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
genistein
[no description available]		2.31107-hydroxyisoflavonesantineoplastic agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human urinary metabolite;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
isobavachalcone
isobavachalcone: RN given for (E)-isomer; structure in first source. isobavachalcone : A member of the class of chalcones that is trans-chalcone substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 4, 2' and 4' and a prenyl group at position 3'.		2.0810chalcones;
polyphenol		antibacterial agent;
metabolite;
platelet aggregation inhibitor
esculetin
esculetin: used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light; structure. esculetin : A hydroxycoumarin that is umbelliferone in which the hydrogen at position 6 is substituted by a hydroxy group. It is used in filters for absorption of ultraviolet light.		2.0510hydroxycoumarinantioxidant;
plant metabolite;
ultraviolet filter
isoscutellarein
isoscutellarein: isocarthamidin is 2S isomer of isoscutellarein; do not confuse with scutellarein and/or carthamidin which are respective regioisomers. isoscutellarein : A tetrahydroxyflavone that is apigenin with an extra hydroxy group at position 8.		2.1110tetrahydroxyflavonemetabolite
orientin
orientin: structure given in first source; RN given refers to the (D-glucopyranosyl)-isomer. orientin : A C-glycosyl compound that is luteolin substituted by a beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 8.		3.27603'-hydroxyflavonoid;
C-glycosyl compound;
tetrahydroxyflavone		antioxidant;
metabolite
rhamnetin
rhamnetin: aglycone of xanthorhamnin; from Rhamnus. rhamnetin : A monomethoxyflavone that is quercetin methylated at position 7.		2.0510monomethoxyflavone;
tetrahydroxyflavone		anti-inflammatory agent;
antioxidant;
metabolite
7-hydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone
afromosin: structure given in first source; isolated from Wistaria brachybotrys. afrormosin : A 4'-methoxyisoflavone that is isoflavone substituted by methoxy groups at positions 6 and 4' and a hydroxy group at position 7.		2.08104'-methoxyisoflavones;
7-hydroxyisoflavones		plant metabolite
chicoric acid
chicoric acid: inhibits HIV-1 integrase		2.1510organooxygen compoundgeroprotector;
HIV-1 integrase inhibitor
rosmarinic acid
rosmarinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; promote OT project. (R)-rosmarinic acid : A stereoisomer of rosmarinic acid having (R)-configuration.. rosmarinic acid : The 1-carboxy-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester of trans-caffeic acid.		2.1510rosmarinic acidgeroprotector;
plant metabolite
4',7-dihydroxyflavone
4',7-dihydroxyflavone: inducer of nod gene. 4',7-dihydroxyflavone : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy substituents are located at positions 4' and 7.		2.0810dihydroxyflavonemetabolite
astragalin
kaempferol-3-O-glucoside: isolated from the pit of Mahkota dewa; structure in first source. kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucoside : A kaempferol O-glucoside in which a glucosyl residue is attached at position 3 of kaempferol via a beta-glycosidic linkage.		2.0810beta-D-glucoside;
kaempferol O-glucoside;
monosaccharide derivative;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite;
trypanocidal drug
rhoifolin
rhoifolin: from many plants. apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside : An apigenin derivative having an alpha-(1->2)-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety attached to the 7-hydroxy group.		2.110dihydroxyflavone;
glycosyloxyflavone;
neohesperidoside		metabolite
veronicastroside
veronicastroside: a flavonoid; second source Yak. Zas. shows same melting point, absorption, Rf and color tests for lonicerin (luteolin-7-rhamnoglucoside from Lonicera) and veronicastroside (luteolin-7-neohesperidoside from Trachelospermum);. luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside : A disaccharide derivative that is luteolin substituted by a 2-O-(alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl moiety at position 7 via a glycosidic linkage.		3.3860disaccharide derivative;
glycosyloxyflavone;
neohesperidoside;
trihydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
metabolite
eurycarpin b
eurycarpin B: from the roots of Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa; structure in first source		2.0810isoflavonoid
licochalcone b
licochalcone B: isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata; inhibits phosphorylation of NF-kappaB p65 in LPS signaling pathway; structure in first source		2.0810chalcones
rhamnazin
rhamnazin: has both antiangiogenic and antineoplastic activities		2.0510aromatic ether;
dimethoxyflavone;
phenols;
trihydroxyflavone		antineoplastic agent;
plant metabolite
kaempferol-7-methyl ether
rhamnocitrin : A monomethoxyflavone that is the 7-methyl ether derivative of kaempferol.		2.0510flavonols;
monomethoxyflavone;
trihydroxyflavone		plant metabolite
4-hydroxylonchocarpin
4-hydroxylonchocarpin: structure in first source		2.0810
caftaric acid
[no description available]		2.1510hydroxycinnamic acid
indigo carmine
3,5-di-O-(E)-caffeoylquinic acid: from roots of Lychnophora ericoides; structure in first source. 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid : A carboxylic ester that is the diester obtained by the condensation of the hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 of (-)-quinic acid with the carboxy group of trans-caffeic acid. Isolated from Brazilian propolis and Suaeda glauca, it exhibits hepatoprotective and cytotoxic activities.		2.1110
beta-escin
[no description available]		2.0210
licochalcone c
licochalcone C: has cardioprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities; isolated from licorice; structure in first source		2.0810
Kanzonol B
[no description available]		2.0810chalcones
glabrol
glabrol: from Glycyrrhiza glabra hairy root; structure in first source		2.0810flavanones
odoratin
odoratin: structure; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation		2.0810
ascorbic acid
Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.		2.0110ascorbic acid;
vitamin C		coenzyme;
cofactor;
flour treatment agent;
food antioxidant;
food colour retention agent;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
rk 682
[no description available]		2.0810
transforming growth factor beta
Transforming Growth Factor beta: A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.		2.1110
acyclovir
Acyclovir: A GUANOSINE analog that acts as an antimetabolite. Viruses are especially susceptible. Used especially against herpes.. acyclovir : An oxopurine that is guanine substituted by a (2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl substituent at position 9. Used in the treatment of viral infections.		2.05102-aminopurines;
oxopurine		antimetabolite;
antiviral drug
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine: Common oxidized form of deoxyguanosine in which C-8 position of guanine base has a carbonyl group.. 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine : Guanosine substituted at the purine 8-position by a hydroxy group. It is used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.		2.2510guanosinesbiomarker
ConditionIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
Innate Inflammatory Response
[description not available]		03.0440
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.		03.0440
Anasarca
[description not available]		02.4920
Edema
Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.		02.4920
Diabetes Mellitus
A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.		02.1510
Chromosomal Instability
An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.		02.0210
Cancer, Radiation-Induced
[description not available]		02.0210
Delayed Effects, Prenatal Exposure
[description not available]		02.0210
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.		02.0210
Abnormalities, Autosome
[description not available]		02.0210
Injuries, Radiation
[description not available]		02.0210
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)		02.0310
Cholera Infantum
[description not available]		0210
Experimental Radiation Injuries
[description not available]		0210
Body Weight
The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.		02.2510
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Experimental Hepatoma
[description not available]		02.2510
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.		02.2510
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.		03.2550
Bone Loss, Perimenopausal
[description not available]		02.2510
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal
Metabolic disorder associated with fractures of the femoral neck, vertebrae, and distal forearm. It occurs commonly in women within 15-20 years after menopause, and is caused by factors associated with menopause including estrogen deficiency.		02.2510
Carcinoma, Epidermoid
[description not available]		02.3110
Cancer of Mouth
[description not available]		02.3110
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)		02.3110
Mouth Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.		02.3110
Carcinogenesis
The origin, production or development of cancer through genotypic and phenotypic changes which upset the normal balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Carcinogenesis generally requires a constellation of steps, which may occur quickly or over a period of many years.		02.3110
Cancer of Stomach
[description not available]		02.3110
Infections, Helicobacter
[description not available]		02.3110
Stomach Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.		02.3110
Helicobacter Infections
Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.		02.3110
Cancer of Prostate
[description not available]		03.4220
Prostatic Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.		03.4220
Colorectal Cancer
[description not available]		02.1710
Colorectal Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.		02.1710
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung
[description not available]		02.5920
Cancer of Lung
[description not available]		02.8930
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.		02.5920
Lung Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.		02.8930
Diabetes Mellitus, Adult-Onset
[description not available]		02.1710
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.		02.1710
Skin Aging
The process of aging due to changes in the structure and elasticity of the skin over time. It may be a part of physiological aging or it may be due to the effects of ultraviolet radiation, usually through exposure to sunlight.		02.2110
Diabetic Feet
[description not available]		02.5720
Diabetic Foot
Common foot problems in persons with DIABETES MELLITUS, caused by any combination of factors such as DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASES; and INFECTION. With the loss of sensation and poor circulation, injuries and infections often lead to severe foot ulceration, GANGRENE and AMPUTATION.		02.5720
Alloxan Diabetes
[description not available]		02.5220
Blood Poisoning
[description not available]		02.5220
Edema, Pulmonary
[description not available]		02.1110
Pulmonary Edema
Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.		02.1110
Sepsis
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome with a proven or suspected infectious etiology. When sepsis is associated with organ dysfunction distant from the site of infection, it is called severe sepsis. When sepsis is accompanied by HYPOTENSION despite adequate fluid infusion, it is called SEPTIC SHOCK.		02.5220
Alobar Holoprosencephaly
[description not available]		02.1110
Endotoxemia
A condition characterized by the presence of ENDOTOXINS in the blood. On lysis, the outer cell wall of gram-negative bacteria enters the systemic circulation and initiates a pathophysiologic cascade of pro-inflammatory mediators.		02.1310
Experimental Neoplasms
[description not available]		02.0610
Muscle Contraction
A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.		02.0810