Compounds > crotamine
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crotamine

Description

crotamine: polypeptide basic toxin isolated from venom of rattlesnake Crotalus durrisus terrificus [MeSH]

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID85470858
MeSH IDM0056133

Synonyms (5)

Synonym
crotamine
crotamin
e58tbp78ih ,
58740-15-1
unii-e58tbp78ih

Research

Studies (114)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-199016 (14.04)18.7374
1990's10 (8.77)18.2507
2000's21 (18.42)29.6817
2010's46 (40.35)24.3611
2020's21 (18.42)2.80

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews8 (6.90%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other108 (93.10%)84.16%
SubstanceStudiesClassesRolesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
acetic acid
1
monocarboxylic acidantimicrobial food preservative;
Daphnia magna metabolite;
food acidity regulator;
protic solvent		1986198638.0low010000
lactic acid
1
2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acidalgal metabolite;
Daphnia magna metabolite		201520159.0low000010
nitrites
1
monovalent inorganic anion;
nitrogen oxoanion;
reactive nitrogen species		human metabolite202020204.0low000010
2,2'-dipyridyl
1
bipyridinechelator;
ferroptosis inhibitor		201820186.0low000010
2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate
1
organoboron compound;
primary amino compound		calcium channel blocker;
IP3 receptor antagonist;
potassium channel opener		2005200519.0low000100
4-aminopyridine
1
aminopyridine;
aromatic amine		avicide;
orphan drug;
potassium channel blocker		201820186.0low000010
caffeine
1
purine alkaloid;
trimethylxanthine		adenosine A2A receptor antagonist;
adenosine receptor antagonist;
adjuvant;
central nervous system stimulant;
diuretic;
EC 2.7.11.1 (non-specific serine/threonine protein kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.1.4.* (phosphoric diester hydrolase) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
human blood serum metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
mutagen;
plant metabolite;
psychotropic drug;
ryanodine receptor agonist;
xenobiotic		2005200519.0low000100
chloroquine
1
aminoquinoline;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound		anticoronaviral agent;
antimalarial;
antirheumatic drug;
autophagy inhibitor;
dermatologic drug		201620168.0low000010
glyburide
1
monochlorobenzenes;
N-sulfonylurea		anti-arrhythmia drug;
EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor;
hypoglycemic agent		2005200519.0low000100
neostigmine
1
quaternary ammonium ionantidote to curare poisoning;
EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor		2013201311.0low000010
nicardipine
1
benzenes;
C-nitro compound;
diester;
dihydropyridine;
methyl ester;
tertiary amino compound		2005200519.0low000100
thioridazine
1
phenothiazines;
piperidines		alpha-adrenergic antagonist;
dopaminergic antagonist;
EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
first generation antipsychotic;
H1-receptor antagonist;
serotonergic antagonist		202020204.0low000010
adenosine diphosphate
1
adenosine 5'-phosphate;
purine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate		fundamental metabolite;
human metabolite		1987198737.0low010000
leucine
1
amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
leucine;
proteinogenic amino acid;
pyruvate family amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1999199925.0low001000
gallamine triethiodide
1
1979197945.0low010000
isoleucine
1
aspartate family amino acid;
isoleucine;
L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proteinogenic amino acid		algal metabolite;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
human metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
plant metabolite;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite		1999199925.0low001000
rhodamine b
1
organic chloride salt;
xanthene dye		fluorescent probe;
fluorochrome;
histological dye		201720177.0low000010
2-naphthol
1
naphtholantinematodal drug;
genotoxin;
human urinary metabolite;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
mouse metabolite;
radical scavenger		1984198440.0low010000
cyanogen bromide
1
1990199034.0low001000
gold
1
copper group element atom;
elemental gold		201820186.0low000010
phenyl acetate
2
benzenes;
phenyl acetates		1986202220.0low010001
acridine orange
1
aminoacridines;
aromatic amine;
tertiary amino compound		fluorochrome;
histological dye		201620168.0low000010
meglumine antimoniate
1
202020204.0low000010
2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide
1
organic disulfide;
pyridines		oxidising agent201820186.0low000010
cromakalim
1
2005200519.0low000100
n-hydroxysuccinimide
2
201820205.0low000020
p-methoxy-n-methylphenethylamine
1
aromatic ether;
secondary amino compound		metabolite1997199727.0low001000
u 73122
1
aromatic ether;
aza-steroid;
maleimides		EC 3.1.4.11 (phosphoinositide phospholipase C) inhibitor2005200519.0low000100
varespladib
1
aromatic ether;
benzenes;
dicarboxylic acid monoamide;
indoles;
monocarboxylic acid;
primary carboxamide		anti-inflammatory drug;
antidote;
EC 3.1.1.4 (phospholipase A2) inhibitor		202220222.0low000001
protoverin
1
1983198341.0low010000
thapsigargin
1
butyrate ester;
organic heterotricyclic compound;
sesquiterpene lactone		calcium channel blocker;
EC 3.6.3.8 (Ca(2+)-transporting ATPase) inhibitor		2012201212.0low000010
alpha-chymotrypsin
1
1997199727.0low001000
quercetin
1
7-hydroxyflavonol;
pentahydroxyflavone		antibacterial agent;
antineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
Aurora kinase inhibitor;
chelator;
EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor;
geroprotector;
phytoestrogen;
plant metabolite;
protein kinase inhibitor;
radical scavenger		2013201311.0low000010
amphotericin b
1
antibiotic antifungal drug;
macrolide antibiotic;
polyene antibiotic		antiamoebic agent;
antiprotozoal drug;
bacterial metabolite		202220222.0low000001
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycero-3-phosphoglycerol
1
phosphatidylglycerol201720177.0low000010
naloxone
1
morphinane alkaloid;
organic heteropentacyclic compound;
tertiary alcohol		antidote to opioid poisoning;
central nervous system depressant;
mu-opioid receptor antagonist		1998199826.0low001000
cysteine
2
cysteiniumfundamental metabolite201720177.0low000020
carbocyanines
2
cyanine dye;
organic iodide salt		fluorochrome2004201614.0low000110
tetrodotoxin
2
azatetracycloalkane;
oxatetracycloalkane;
quinazoline alkaloid		animal metabolite;
bacterial metabolite;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
voltage-gated sodium channel blocker		1986201822.0low010010
1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine
1
201720177.0low000010
grayanotoxin i
1
acetate ester;
pentol;
secondary alcohol;
tertiary alcohol;
tetracyclic diterpenoid		antihypertensive agent;
metabolite;
neuromuscular agent;
phytotoxin		1983198341.0low010000
veratridine
2
1985198638.5low020000
sepharose
1
202020204.0low000010
cytochrome c-t
1
201720177.0low000010
phosphatidylcholines
1
1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine201720177.0low000010
toxin ii (anemonia sulcata)
2
1983198540.0low020000
charybdotoxin
1
1983198341.0low010000
myotoxin a
7
1985202222.3high031021
saxitoxin
1
alkaloid;
carbamate ester;
guanidines;
ketone hydrate;
paralytic shellfish toxin;
pyrrolopurine		cyanotoxin;
marine metabolite;
neurotoxin;
sodium channel blocker;
toxin		1986198638.0low010000
cyanine dye 3
2
2004201614.0low000110
chlorotoxin
1
201720177.0low000010
ConditionIndicatedStudiesFirst YearLast YearAverage AgeRelationship StrengthTrialspre-19901990's2000's2010'spost-2020
Ache0
2
202120213.0low000002
Amyotonia Congenita0
1
202220222.0low000001
Anasarca0
1
202120213.0low000001
Autoimmune Experimental Myasthenia Gravis0
1
2013201311.0low000010
B16 Melanoma0
3
201120207.7low000030
Benign Neoplasms0
4
201220237.5low000031
Body Weight0
1
201820186.0low000010
Cancer of Skin0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Disease Models, Animal0
7
201120234.9medium000043
Edema0
1
202120213.0low000001
Electrolytes0
1
1982198242.0low010000
Envenomation, Snakebite0
1
202320231.0low000001
Extravascular Hemolysis0
2
1991201123.0low001010
Hemolysis0
2
1991201123.0low001010
Inflammation0
1
201920195.0low000010
Innate Inflammatory Response0
1
201920195.0low000010
Leishmaniasis, American0
1
202020204.0low000010
Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous0
1
202020204.0low000010
Malignant Melanoma0
2
201420235.5low000011
Melanoma0
2
201420235.5low000011
Muscle Contraction0
11
1979202230.0medium061301
Necrosis0
2
1984200728.5low010100
Neoplasms0
4
201220237.5low000031
Neuromuscular Blockade0
2
201320226.5low000011
Neuromuscular Diseases0
1
202220222.0low000001
Pain0
2
202120213.0low000002
Palsy0
2
201820205.0low000020
Paralysis0
2
201820205.0low000020
Paralysis, Legs0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Paraplegia0
1
2006200618.0low000100
Pleurisy0
1
202120213.0low000001
Poisoning0
1
2007200717.0low000100
Skin Neoplasms0
1
2011201113.0low000010
Weight Gain0
1
201820186.0low000010

Safety/Toxicity (10)

ArticleYear
Crotamine-based recombinant immunotoxin targeting HER2 for enhanced cancer cell specificity and cytotoxicity.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, , Volume: 230		2023
Antileishmanial activity, cytotoxicity and cellular response of amphotericin B in combination with crotamine derived from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom using in vitro and in silico approaches.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, , Oct-15, Volume: 217		2022
Acute toxicity, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of the orally administered crotamine in mice.
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, , Volume: 394, Issue:8		2021
Long term safety of targeted internalization of cell penetrating peptide crotamine into renal proximal tubular epithelial cells in vivo.
Scientific reports, , 03-01, Volume: 9, Issue:1		2019
Oral treatment with a rattlesnake native polypeptide crotamine efficiently inhibits the tumor growth with no potential toxicity for the host animal and with suggestive positive effects on animal metabolic profile.
Amino acids, , Volume: 50, Issue:2		2018
Evaluation in zebrafish model of the toxicity of rhodamine B-conjugated crotamine, a peptide potentially useful for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, , Volume: 31, Issue:11		2017
Crotamine toxicity and efficacy in mouse models of melanoma.
Expert opinion on investigational drugs, , Volume: 20, Issue:9		2011
Evaluation of the genotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom and its isolated toxins on human lymphocytes.
Mutation research, , Sep-18, Volume: 724, Issue:1-2		2011
Cytotoxic effects of crotamine are mediated through lysosomal membrane permeabilization.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, , Sep-01, Volume: 52, Issue:3		2008
Potentiation of the toxicity of basic peptides from rattlesnake venoms by sodium acetate.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, , Volume: 24, Issue:6		1986

Bioavailability (1)

ArticleYear
Evaluation in zebrafish model of the toxicity of rhodamine B-conjugated crotamine, a peptide potentially useful for diagnostics and therapeutics.
Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, , Volume: 31, Issue:11		2017

Dosage (1)

ArticleYear
Evaluation of tumor growth remission in a murine model for subcutaneous solid tumors - Benefits of associating the antitumor agent crotamine with mesoporous nanosilica particles to achieve improved dosing frequency and efficacy.
International journal of pharmaceutics, , Nov-05, Volume: 646		2023

Interactions (1)

ArticleYear
Antileishmanial activity, cytotoxicity and cellular response of amphotericin B in combination with crotamine derived from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom using in vitro and in silico approaches.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, , Oct-15, Volume: 217		2022