chloride channel activity

Definition

Target type: molecularfunction

Enables the facilitated diffusion of a chloride (by an energy-independent process) involving passage through a transmembrane aqueous pore or channel without evidence for a carrier-mediated mechanism. [GOC:mtg_transport, GOC:pr, ISBN:0815340729]

Chloride channels are transmembrane proteins that form pores through cell membranes, allowing the passive movement of chloride ions (Cl-) down their electrochemical gradient. This movement is crucial for a wide range of physiological processes, including:

**1. Cell Volume Regulation:** Chloride channels play a critical role in maintaining cell volume by regulating the influx and efflux of chloride ions. When cells swell due to an increase in intracellular fluid, chloride channels open to allow chloride ions to exit, reducing osmotic pressure and shrinking the cell. Conversely, when cells shrink, chloride channels close to prevent further chloride efflux.

**2. Nerve Impulse Transmission:** In neurons, chloride channels are involved in the generation and propagation of nerve impulses. During neuronal depolarization, chloride ions enter the neuron through chloride channels, contributing to the electrical signal.

**3. Muscle Contraction:** Chloride channels are important for muscle contraction by regulating the electrical potential across the muscle cell membrane. In skeletal muscle, chloride channels open during muscle relaxation, allowing chloride ions to enter the cell and repolarize the membrane.

**4. Epithelial Transport:** Chloride channels are crucial for the movement of fluids and electrolytes across epithelial tissues, such as in the intestines, kidneys, and lungs. They facilitate chloride transport, which drives the movement of water and other ions.

**5. pH Regulation:** Chloride channels can contribute to pH regulation by transporting bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), which are involved in acid-base balance.

**6. Immune Response:** Chloride channels are involved in the activation and function of immune cells. For example, they play a role in the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells.

**7. Sensory Transduction:** Chloride channels are involved in sensory transduction, such as in the detection of taste and smell.

**8. Cell Proliferation and Differentiation:** Chloride channels have been implicated in cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation.

**9. Disease Pathophysiology:** Dysregulation of chloride channel activity is associated with a variety of diseases, including cystic fibrosis, epilepsy, and cancer.

In summary, chloride channel activity is a fundamental physiological process with diverse roles in maintaining cell homeostasis, regulating ion transport, and mediating a wide range of cellular functions.'
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Proteins (30)

Compounds (198)

Compound	Definition	Classes	Roles
gamma-aminobutyric acid	gamma-aminobutyric acid : A gamma-amino acid that is butanoic acid with the amino substituent located at C-4. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.	amino acid zwitterion; gamma-amino acid; monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite; neurotransmitter; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; signalling molecule
aminolevulinic acid	5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp. Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
5-aminovaleric acid	5-aminopentanoic acid : A delta-amino acid comprising pentanoic acid with an amino substituent at C-5; a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) that is a weak GABA agonist. 5-aminovaleric acid: from red fox anal secretion; RN given refers to parent cpd	amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid; omega-amino fatty acid	human metabolite
benzyl alcohol	aromatic alcohol : Any alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. aromatic primary alcohol : Any primary alcohol in which the alcoholic hydroxy group is attached to a carbon which is itself bonded to an aromatic ring. benzyl alcohol : An aromatic alcohol that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxymethyl substituent. Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring. hydroxytoluene : Any member of the class of toluenes carrying one or more hydroxy substituents.	benzyl alcohols	antioxidant; fragrance; metabolite; solvent
glycine		alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
phenol		phenols	antiseptic drug; disinfectant; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite
phenytoin		imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
alprazolam	alprazolam : A member of the class of triazolobenzodiazepines that is 4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine carrying methyl, phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 1, 6 and 8 respectively. Alprazolam is only found in individuals that have taken this drug. Alprazolam: A triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of PANIC DISORDERS, with or without AGORAPHOBIA, and in generalized ANXIETY DISORDERS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p238)	organochlorine compound; triazolobenzodiazepine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA agonist; muscle relaxant; sedative; xenobiotic
astemizole	astemizole : A piperidine compound having a 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl group at the 1-position and an N-[(4-fluorobenzyl)benzimidazol-2-yl]amino group at the 4-position. Astemizole: Antihistamine drug now withdrawn from the market in many countries because of rare but potentially fatal side effects.	benzimidazoles; piperidines	anti-allergic agent; anticoronaviral agent; H1-receptor antagonist
chlordiazepoxide	chlordiazepoxide : A benzodiazepine that is 3H-1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxide substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a phenyl group at position 5 and a methylamino group at position 2. Chlordiazepoxide: An anxiolytic benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. It has also been used in the symptomatic treatment of alcohol withdrawal.	benzodiazepine
clonazepam	clonazepam : 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation. Clonazepam: An anticonvulsant used for several types of seizures, including myotonic or atonic seizures, photosensitive epilepsy, and absence seizures, although tolerance may develop. It is seldom effective in generalized tonic-clonic or partial seizures. The mechanism of action appears to involve the enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID receptor responses.	1,4-benzodiazepinone; monochlorobenzenes	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator
nordazepam	nordazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone having phenyl and chloro substituents at positions 5 and 7 respectively; it has anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and sedative properties but is used primarily in the treatment of anxiety. Nordazepam: An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; GABA modulator; human metabolite; sedative
diazepam	diazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one substituted by a chloro group at position 7, a methyl group at position 1 and a phenyl group at position 5. Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.	1,4-benzodiazepinone; organochlorine compound	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; environmental contaminant; sedative; xenobiotic
fipronil	5-amino-1-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile : A member of the class of pyrazoles that is 1H-pyrazole that is substituted at positions 1, 3, 4, and 5 by 2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, cyano, (trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl, and amino groups, respectively. fipronil : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fipronil. fipronil: has low mammalian toxicity; structure given in first source	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; dichlorobenzene; nitrile; primary amino compound; pyrazoles; sulfoxide
flumazenil	flumazenil : An organic heterotricyclic compound that is 5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine which is substituted at positions 3, 5, 6, and 8 by ethoxycarbonyl, methyl, oxo, and fluoro groups, respectively. It is used as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil: A potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist. Since it reverses the sedative and other actions of benzodiazepines, it has been suggested as an antidote to benzodiazepine overdoses.	ethyl ester; imidazobenzodiazepine; organofluorine compound	antidote to benzodiazepine poisoning; GABA antagonist
flunitrazepam	flunitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is nitrazepam substituted by a methyl group at position 1 and by a fluoro group at position 2'. It is a potent hypnotic, sedative, and amnestic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. Flunitrazepam: A benzodiazepine with pharmacologic actions similar to those of DIAZEPAM that can cause ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA. Some reports indicate that it is used as a date rape drug and suggest that it may precipitate violent behavior. The United States Government has banned the importation of this drug.	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound; monofluorobenzenes	anxiolytic drug; GABAA receptor agonist; sedative
fluoxetine	fluoxetine : A racemate comprising equimolar amounts of (R)- and (S)-fluoxetine. A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), it is used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of depression (and the depressive phase of bipolar disorder), bullimia nervosa, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Fluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants. N-methyl-3-phenyl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]propan-1-amine : An aromatic ether consisting of 4-trifluoromethylphenol in which the hydrogen of the phenolic hydroxy group is replaced by a 3-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropyl group.	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; secondary amino compound
fluspirilene	Fluspirilene: A long-acting injectable antipsychotic agent used for chronic schizophrenia.	diarylmethane
gaboxadol	gaboxadol: GABA agonist; inhibitor of GABA uptake systems; structure	oxazole
glyburide	glyburide : An N-sulfonylurea that is acetohexamide in which the acetyl group is replaced by a 2-(5-chloro-2-methoxybenzamido)ethyl group. Glyburide: An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamide	monochlorobenzenes; N-sulfonylurea	anti-arrhythmia drug; EC 2.7.1.33 (pantothenate kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.6.3.49 (channel-conductance-controlling ATPase) inhibitor; hypoglycemic agent
hydroxyurea		one-carbon compound; ureas	antimetabolite; antimitotic; antineoplastic agent; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; genotoxin; immunomodulator; radical scavenger; teratogenic agent
isoguvacine	isoguvacine: A GABA agonist; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	tetrahydropyridine
4-piperidinecarboxylic acid	4-piperidinecarboxylic acid: structure in first source
kynurenic acid	kynurenic acid : A quinolinemonocarboxylic acid that is quinoline-2-carboxylic acid substituted by a hydroxy group at C-4. Kynurenic Acid: A broad-spectrum excitatory amino acid antagonist used as a research tool.	monohydroxyquinoline; quinolinemonocarboxylic acid	G-protein-coupled receptor agonist; human metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nicotinic antagonist; NMDA receptor antagonist; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
mefloquine hydrochloride	[2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl]-(2-piperidyl)methanol : An organofluorine compound that consists of quinoline bearing trifluoromethyl substituents at positions 2 and 8 as well as a (2-piperidinyl)hydroxymethyl substituent at position 4.	organofluorine compound; piperidines; quinolines; secondary alcohol
muscimol	muscimol : A member of the class of isoxazoles that is 1,2-oxazol-3(2H)-one substituted by an aminomethyl group at position 5. It has been isolated from mushrooms of the genus Amanita. Muscimol: A neurotoxic isoxazole isolated from species of AMANITA. It is obtained by decarboxylation of IBOTENIC ACID. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABA-A RECEPTORS and is used mainly as an experimental tool in animal and tissue studies.	alkaloid; isoxazoles; primary amino compound	fungal metabolite; GABA agonist; oneirogen; psychotropic drug
niclosamide	niclosamide : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 5-chlorosalicylic acid with the amino group of 2-chloro-4-nitroaniline. It is an oral anthelmintic drug approved for use against tapeworm infections. Niclosamide: An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)	benzamides; C-nitro compound; monochlorobenzenes; salicylanilides; secondary carboxamide	anthelminthic drug; anticoronaviral agent; antiparasitic agent; apoptosis inducer; molluscicide; piscicide; STAT3 inhibitor
nitrazepam	nitrazepam : A 1,4-benzodiazepinone that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one which is substituted at positions 5 and 7 by phenyl and nitro groups, respectively. It is used as a hypnotic for the short-term management of insomnia and for the treatment of epileptic spasms in infants (West's syndrome). Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.	1,4-benzodiazepinone; C-nitro compound	anticonvulsant; antispasmodic drug; drug metabolite; GABA modulator; sedative
cm 7116	norflutoprazepam: structure	benzodiazepine
pentobarbital	pentobarbital : A member of the class of barbiturates, the structure of which is that of barbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. Pentobarbital: A short-acting barbiturate that is effective as a sedative and hypnotic (but not as an anti-anxiety) agent and is usually given orally. It is prescribed more frequently for sleep induction than for sedation but, like similar agents, may lose its effectiveness by the second week of continued administration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p236)	barbiturates	GABAA receptor agonist
piperidine-4-sulfonic acid	piperidine-4-sulfonic acid: specific GABA agonist
propofol	propofol : A phenol resulting from the formal substitution of the hydrogen at the 2 position of 1,3-diisopropylbenzene by a hydroxy group. Propofol: An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.	phenols	anticonvulsant; antiemetic; intravenous anaesthetic; radical scavenger; sedative
risperidone	risperidone : A member of the class of pyridopyrimidines that is 2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one carrying an additional 2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl group at position 2. Risperidone: A selective blocker of DOPAMINE D2 RECEPTORS and SEROTONIN 5-HT2 RECEPTORS that acts as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It has been shown to improve both positive and negative symptoms in the treatment of SCHIZOPHRENIA.	1,2-benzoxazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound; pyridopyrimidine	alpha-adrenergic antagonist; dopaminergic antagonist; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; H1-receptor antagonist; psychotropic drug; second generation antipsychotic; serotonergic antagonist
ro 15-4513	Ro 15-4513: a partial inverse agonist of benzodiazepine receptors	organic heterotricyclic compound; organonitrogen heterocyclic compound
sk&f 97541	3-aminopropyl(methyl)phosphinic acid: structure given in first source; GABA-A receptor antagonist
temazepam	Temazepam: A benzodiazepine that acts as a GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID modulator and anti-anxiety agent.	benzodiazepine
(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid	(1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl)methylphosphinic acid: a GABA-C receptor antagonist; structure in first source
triazolam	Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.	triazolobenzodiazepine	sedative
zaleplon	zaleplon : A pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position. zaleplon: an azabicyclo(4.3.0)nonane; a nonbenzodiazepine; one of the so-called of Z drugs (zopiclone, eszopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon) for which there is some correlation with tumors; a hypnotic with less marked effect on psychomotor functions compared to lorazepam	nitrile; pyrazolopyrimidine	anticonvulsant; anxiolytic drug; central nervous system depressant; sedative
zolpidem	zolpidem : An imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine compound having a 4-tolyl group at the 2-position, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl group at the 3-position and a methyl substituent at the 6-position. Zolpidem: An imidazopyridine derivative and short-acting GABA-A receptor agonist that is used for the treatment of INSOMNIA.	imidazopyridine	central nervous system depressant; GABA agonist; sedative
hydroxyproline	hydroxyproline : A proline derivative that is proline substituted by at least one hydroxy group. Hydroxyproline: A hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline. A deficiency in ASCORBIC ACID can result in impaired hydroxyproline formation.	4-hydroxyproline; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite
triiodothyronine	3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine : An iodothyronine compound having iodo substituents at the 3-, 3'- and 5-positions. Although some is produced in the thyroid, most of the 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine in the body is generated by mono-deiodination of L-thyroxine in the peripheral tissues. Its metabolic activity is about 3 to 5 times that of L-thyroxine. The sodium salt is used in the treatment of hypothyroidism. Triiodothyronine: A T3 thyroid hormone normally synthesized and secreted by the thyroid gland in much smaller quantities than thyroxine (T4). Most T3 is derived from peripheral monodeiodination of T4 at the 5' position of the outer ring of the iodothyronine nucleus. The hormone finally delivered and used by the tissues is mainly T3.	2-halophenol; amino acid zwitterion; iodophenol; iodothyronine	human metabolite; mouse metabolite; thyroid hormone
serine	serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group. Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
glutamine	glutamine : An alpha-amino acid that consists of butyric acid bearing an amino substituent at position 2 and a carbamoyl substituent at position 4. Glutamine: A non-essential amino acid present abundantly throughout the body and is involved in many metabolic processes. It is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID and AMMONIA. It is the principal carrier of NITROGEN in the body and is an important energy source for many cells. L-glutamine : An optically active form of glutamine having L-configuration.	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; polar amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
asparagine	asparagine : An alpha-amino acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon of glycine is substituted by a 2-amino-2-oxoethyl group. Asparagine: A non-essential amino acid that is involved in the metabolic control of cell functions in nerve and brain tissue. It is biosynthesized from ASPARTIC ACID and AMMONIA by asparagine synthetase. (From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed)	amino acid zwitterion; asparagine; aspartate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
2-isopropylphenol	2-isopropylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying an isopropyl group at position 2. 2-isopropylphenol: structure given in first source	phenols
pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether	2,6-dimethoxyphenol : A member of the class of phenols that is phenol substituted by methoxy groups at positions 2 and 6. pyrogallol 1,3-dimethyl ether: structure	dimethoxybenzene; phenols	plant metabolite
2,4-di-tert-butylphenol	2,4-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 4. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol: structure given in first source	alkylbenzene; phenols	antioxidant; bacterial metabolite; marine metabolite
methyl anthranilate	methyl anthranilate : A benzoate ester that is the methyl ester of anthranilic acid.	benzoate ester	flavouring agent; metabolite
osthol	osthol: from Cnidium monnieri and Angelica pubescens (both Apiaceae); structure given in first source	botanical anti-fungal agent; coumarins	metabolite
bicuculline	bicuculline : A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is 6-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline which is substituted at the 5-pro-S position by a (6R)-8-oxo-6,8-dihydrofuro[3,4-e][1,3]benzodioxol-6-yl group. A light-sensitive competitive antagonist of GABAA receptors. It was originally identified in 1932 in plant alkaloid extracts and has been isolated from Dicentra cucullaria, Adlumia fungosa, Fumariaceae, and several Corydalis species. Bicuculline: An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.	benzylisoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinoline alkaloid; isoquinolines	agrochemical; central nervous system stimulant; GABA-gated chloride channel antagonist; GABAA receptor antagonist; neurotoxin
flavone	flavone : The simplest member of the class of flavones that consists of 4H-chromen-4-one bearing a phenyl substituent at position 2. flavone: RN given refers to unlabeled cpd; structure given in first source	flavones	metabolite; nematicide
2,6-xylenol		hydroxytoluene
2,6-dibromophenol	2,6-dibromophenol : A dibromophenol that is phenol in which both of the hydrogens that are ortho to the phenolic hydroxy group have been replaced by bromines.	bromohydrocarbon; dibromophenol	marine metabolite
dronabinol	Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol : A diterpenoid that is 6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromene substituted at position 1 by a hydroxy group, positions 6, 6 and 9 by methyl groups and at position 3 by a pentyl group. The principal psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant, it is used for treatment of anorexia associated with AIDS as well as nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Dronabinol: A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.	benzochromene; diterpenoid; phytocannabinoid; polyketide	cannabinoid receptor agonist; epitope; hallucinogen; metabolite; non-narcotic analgesic
pimozide	pimozide : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one in which one of the nitrogens is substituted by a piperidin-4-yl group, which in turn is substituted on the nitrogen by a 4,4-bis(p-fluorophenyl)butyl group. Pimozide: A diphenylbutylpiperidine that is effective as an antipsychotic agent and as an alternative to HALOPERIDOL for the suppression of vocal and motor tics in patients with Tourette syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action is unknown, blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors has been postulated. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p403)	benzimidazoles; heteroarylpiperidine; organofluorine compound	antidyskinesia agent; dopaminergic antagonist; first generation antipsychotic; H1-receptor antagonist; serotonergic antagonist
chlordesmethyldiazepam		benzodiazepine
6-aminonicotinic acid	6-aminonicotinic acid : An aminonicotinic acid in which the amino group is situated at position 6 of the pyridine ring. 6-aminonicotinic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd	aminonicotinic acid; aminopyridine; aromatic amine	metabolite
pregnanolone	3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one : The 3alpha-stereoisomer of 3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one. Pregnanolone: A pregnane found in the urine of pregnant women and sows. It has anesthetic, hypnotic, and sedative properties.	3-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one; 3alpha-hydroxy steroid	human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol	2,6-di-tert-butylphenol : A member of the class of phenols carrying two tert-butyl substituents at positions 2 and 6. 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol: RN given refers to parent cpd	alkylbenzene; phenols	antioxidant
halazepam	halazepam: structure	organic molecular entity
oxypeucadanin, (s)-(-)-isomer		epoxide; furanocoumarin; lactone	plant metabolite
4-hydroxyphenylglycine, (s)-isomer	L-4-hydroxyphenylglycine : The L-enantiomer of 4-hydroxyphenylglycine.	4-hydroxyphenylglycine
phenazepam
nitazoxanide	nitazoxanide: a 5-nitrothiazolyl derivative used for a broad range of intestinal parasitic infections including CRYPTOSPORIDIUM and GIARDIA; it is a redox-active nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide prodrug	benzamides; carboxylic ester
progabide	progabide: GABA agonist; structure	diarylmethane
adapalene	adapalene : A naphthoic acid that is CD437 in which the phenolic hydroxy group has been converted to its methyl ether. Adapalene: A naphthalene derivative that has specificity for RETINOIC ACID RECEPTORS. It is used as a DERMATOLOGIC AGENT for the treatment of ACNE.	adamantanes; monocarboxylic acid; naphthoic acid	dermatologic drug; EC 2.7.11.22 (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
duloxetine		duloxetine
norharman	beta-carboline : The parent compound of the beta-carbolines, a tricyclic structure comprising an indole ring system ortho- fused to C-3 and C-4 of a pyridine ring. norharman: RN given refers to parent cpd	beta-carbolines; mancude organic heterotricyclic parent	fungal metabolite; marine metabolite
baicalin		dihydroxyflavone; glucosiduronic acid; glycosyloxyflavone; monosaccharide derivative	antiatherosclerotic agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; cardioprotective agent; EC 2.7.7.48 (RNA-directed RNA polymerase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; plant metabolite; prodrug
abecarnil
telmisartan	telmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension. Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.	benzimidazoles; biphenyls; carboxybiphenyl	angiotensin receptor antagonist; antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; xenobiotic
D-serine		D-alpha-amino acid; serine; serine zwitterion	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; NMDA receptor agonist
magnolol		biphenyls
honokiol		biphenyls
2-aminonicotinic acid	2-aminonicotinic acid : An aminonicotinic acid in which the amino group is situated at position 2 of the pyridine ring. 2-aminonicotinic acid: structure in first source aminonicotinic acid : An aromatic amino acid that is nicotinic acid in which one of the hydrogens attached to the pyridine ring is replaced by an amino group. A 'closed class'.	aminonicotinic acid; aminopyridine	metabolite
n-desmethylflunitrazepam
7-aminonitrazepam	7-aminonitrazepam: urinary metabolite of nitrazepam	benzodiazepine
gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide	gamma-glutamine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for glutaminase B.; RN given refers to (L)-isomer
ro 20-1815	7-aminoflunitrazepam: flunitrazepam metabolite; structure given in first source	benzodiazepine
brexanolone	brexanolone : A 3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one in which the hydroxy group at position 3 has alpha-configuration. It is a metabolite of the sex hormone progesterone and used for the treatment of postpartum depression in women. brexanolone: a mixture of allopregnanolone and sulfobutylether‐beta‐cyclodextrin for treatment of postpartum depression	3-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one	antidepressant; GABA modulator; human metabolite; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
imidazoleacetic acid	imidazol-4-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-4-yl group. imidazol-5-ylacetic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens has been replaced by an imidazol-5-yl group. imidazoleacetic acid: RN given refers to cpd without specific location of acetic acid attachment identified; structure	imidazoles; monocarboxylic acid	metabolite; mouse metabolite
3-aminopropylphosphonic acid	(3-aminopropyl)phosphonic acid : A phosphonic acid in which the hydrogen attached to the phosphorus of phosphonic acid is substituted by a 3-aminopropyl group. It is a partial agonist of GABAB receptors. 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	phosphonic acids; primary amino compound; zwitterion	GABAB receptor agonist
1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid	1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid : A member of the class of beta-carbolines that is 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline substituted at position 3 by a carboxy group. 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid: structure given in first source; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation	alpha-amino acid; aromatic amino acid; beta-carboline alkaloid	human urinary metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite; rat metabolite
2,5-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3h-pyrazolo(4,3-c)quinolin-3-one
tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone	tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5beta)-isomer	21-hydroxy steroid
alphaxalone	alphaxalone: RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer; structure	corticosteroid hormone
methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate	methyl 6,7-dimethoxy-4-ethyl-beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: structure given in first source	beta-carbolines
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester	beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester: isolated from brain tissue & urine; extremely potent displacer of diazepam from brain benzodiazepam receptors; structure in first source	beta-carbolines
beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester	beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester: structure given in first source	beta-carbolines
sr 95531		methoxybenzenes
bretazenil	bretazenil: RN given for (S) isomer
cl 218872	CL 218872: shows specific action on benzodiazepine receptors; structure	pyridazines; ring assembly
tadalafil		benzodioxoles; pyrazinopyridoindole	EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor; vasodilator agent
ro 15-3505
zk 93426	ZK 93426: GABA-A receptor antag	beta-carbolines
zk 93423		beta-carbolines
propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate	propyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: binds specifically to brain benzodiazepine receptors	beta-carbolines
3-ethoxy-beta-carboline	3-ethoxy-beta-carboline: high affinity benzodiazepine receptor ligand with partial inverse agonist properties
tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate	tert-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine receptor antagonist
5-(4-piperidyl)isoxazol-3-ol	5-(4-piperidyl)isoxazol-3-ol: structure given in first source; a partial agonist at the GABA-A receptor on cultured hippocampal neurones; antagonizes muscimol-stimulated benzodiazepine binding to rat cortical membranes	piperidines
ro 14-7437	Ro 14-7437: benzodiazepine antag; no other info available 8/16/83
3',6-dinitroflavone
n-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate	N-butyl beta-carboline-3-carboxylate: benzodiazepine binding inhibitor from bovine cerebral cortex	beta-carbolines
l 663581	L 663581: structure given in first source; partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor
cgp 36742	(3-aminopropyl)(n-butyl)phosphinic acid: interacts preferably with GABA-B RECEPTORS (IC50=38 μM) and GABA-C receptors (IC50=62 μM) over GABA-A RECEPTORS (IC50=508 μM)
proline	proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2. Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pitrazepin	pitrazepin: effects are not tissue specific; induced a bursting discharge pattern in cultures derived from hippocampus & hypothalamus; structure given in first source	N-arylpiperazine
4-methoxyhonokiol	4-methoxyhonokiol: an NSAID isolated from Magnolia obovata; structure in first source
cinacalcet	cinacalcet : A secondary amino compound that is (1R)-1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanamine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen is substituted by a 3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propyl group.	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; naphthalenes; secondary amino compound	calcimimetic; P450 inhibitor
miltirone	miltirone: from Salvis miltiorrhiza Bunge; central benzodiazepine receptor ligand; structure given in first source	abietane diterpenoid
carboline-3-carboxylic acid
7-aminoclonazepam		benzodiazepine
zg 63	ZG 63: structure given in first source; a high affinity ligand for diazepam-insensitive benzodiazepine receptors
ro 5-3438	Ro 5-3438: structure
strychnine	strychnine : A monoterpenoid indole alkaloid that is strychnidine bearing a keto substituent at the 10-position. Strychnine: An alkaloid found in the seeds of STRYCHNOS NUX-VOMICA. It is a competitive antagonist at glycine receptors and thus a convulsant. It has been used as an analeptic, in the treatment of nonketotic hyperglycinemia and sleep apnea, and as a rat poison.	monoterpenoid indole alkaloid; organic heteroheptacyclic compound	avicide; cholinergic antagonist; glycine receptor antagonist; neurotransmitter agent; rodenticide
cocaine	cocaine : A tropane alkaloid obtained from leaves of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca. Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.	benzoate ester; methyl ester; tertiary amino compound; tropane alkaloid	adrenergic uptake inhibitor; central nervous system stimulant; dopamine uptake inhibitor; environmental contaminant; local anaesthetic; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; serotonin uptake inhibitor; sodium channel blocker; sympathomimetic agent; vasoconstrictor agent; xenobiotic
7-n-butyl-6-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-5h-pyrrolo(2,3b)pyrazine
6-bromoflavone	6-bromoflavone: a high affinity ligand for the central benzodiazepine receptors; structure given in first source
n-desmethylflunitrazepam	N-desmethylflunitrazepam: metabolite of flunitrazepam
ro 05-4082	ID 690: methyl deriv of clonazepam; structure
piperine	piperine : A N-acylpiperidine that is piperidine substituted by a (1E,3E)-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-oxopenta-1,3-dien-5-yl group at the nitrogen atom. It is an alkaloid isolated from the plant Piper nigrum.	benzodioxoles; N-acylpiperidine; piperidine alkaloid; tertiary carboxamide	food component; human blood serum metabolite; NF-kappaB inhibitor; plant metabolite
l 364373		benzodiazepine
etomidate	etomidate : The ethyl ester of 1-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]-1H-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid. It is an intravenous general anaesthetic with no analgesic activity. Etomidate: Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.	ethyl ester; imidazoles	intravenous anaesthetic; sedative
eszopiclone	eszopiclone : The (5S)- (active) enantiomer of zopiclone. Unlike almost all other hypnotic sedatives, which are approved only for the relief of short-term (6-8 weeks) insomnia, eszopiclone is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for long-term use. Eszopiclone: A pyridine, pyrazine, and piperazine derivative that is used as a HYPNOTIC AND SEDATIVE in the treatment of INSOMNIA.	zopiclone	central nervous system depressant; sedative
sulindac	sulindac : A monocarboxylic acid that is 1-benzylidene-1H-indene which is substituted at positions 2, 3, and 5 by methyl, carboxymethyl, and fluorine respectively, and in which the phenyl group of the benzylidene moiety is substituted at the para position by a methylsulfinyl group. It is a prodrug for the corresponding sulfide, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, used particularly in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Sulindac: A sulfinylindene derivative prodrug whose sulfinyl moiety is converted in vivo to an active NSAID analgesic. Specifically, the prodrug is converted by liver enzymes to a sulfide which is excreted in the bile and then reabsorbed from the intestine. This helps to maintain constant blood levels with reduced gastrointestinal side effects.	monocarboxylic acid; organofluorine compound; sulfoxide	analgesic; antineoplastic agent; antipyretic; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.14.99.1 (prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase) inhibitor; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; prodrug; tocolytic agent
3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone	3-((3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-5-((3-carboxyphenyl)methylene)-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone: a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibitor; structure in first source
1-(1h-indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-n-(4-methoxybenzyl)formamide	1-(1H-Indol-3-ylcarbonyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)formamide: structure in first source
thiopental	thiopental : A barbiturate, the structure of which is that of 2-thiobarbituric acid substituted at C-5 by ethyl and sec-pentyl groups. Thiopental: A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.	barbiturates	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; intravenous anaesthetic; sedative; xenobiotic
2-[(2-ethoxyphenoxy)-phenylmethyl]morpholine		aromatic ether
panadiplon	panadiplon: structure given in first source; RN from Toxlit
meclonazepam
loreclezole	loreclezole: RN given for Z-isomer; RN for cpd without isomeric designation not avail 12/90
isothaz	isothaz: muscimol antagonist
n-(indol-3-ylglyoxylyl)benzylamine	N-(indol-3-ylglyoxylyl)benzylamine: structure given in first source
uccf-029		organic heterotricyclic compound; organooxygen compound
6-bromo-3'-nitroflavone	6-bromo-3'-nitroflavone: a synthetic flavonoid with high affinity for the benzodiazepine receptors
3-propoxy-beta-carboline	3-propoxy-beta-carboline: structure in first source
quercetin		7-hydroxyflavonol; pentahydroxyflavone	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; Aurora kinase inhibitor; chelator; EC 1.10.99.2 [ribosyldihydronicotinamide dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; geroprotector; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; protein kinase inhibitor; radical scavenger
apigenin	Chamomile: Common name for several daisy-like plants (MATRICARIA; TRIPLEUROSPERMUM; ANTHEMIS; CHAMAEMELUM) native to Europe and Western Asia, now naturalized in the United States and Australia.	trihydroxyflavone	antineoplastic agent; metabolite
cholecalciferol	calciol : A hydroxy seco-steroid that is (5Z,7E)-9,10-secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 3 has been replaced by a hydroxy group. It is the inactive form of vitamin D3, being hydroxylated in the liver to calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D3), which is then further hydroxylated in the kidney to give calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3), the active hormone. Cholecalciferol: Derivative of 7-dehydroxycholesterol formed by ULTRAVIOLET RAYS breaking of the C9-C10 bond. It differs from ERGOCALCIFEROL in having a single bond between C22 and C23 and lacking a methyl group at C24.	D3 vitamins; hydroxy seco-steroid; seco-cholestane; secondary alcohol; steroid hormone	geroprotector; human metabolite
rutin	Hydroxyethylrutoside: Monohydroxyethyl derivative of rutin. Peripheral circulation stimulant used in treatment of venous disorders.	disaccharide derivative; quercetin O-glucoside; rutinoside; tetrahydroxyflavone	antioxidant; metabolite
genistein		7-hydroxyisoflavones	antineoplastic agent; EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor; geroprotector; human urinary metabolite; phytoestrogen; plant metabolite; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
harman	harman : An indole alkaloid fundamental parent with a structure of 9H-beta-carboline carrying a methyl substituent at C-1. It has been isolated from the bark of Sickingia rubra, Symplocus racemosa, Passiflora incarnata, Peganum harmala, Banisteriopsis caapi and Tribulus terrestris, as well as from tobacco smoke. It is a specific, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A. harman: a beta-carboline; RN given refers to parent cpd; structure	harmala alkaloid; indole alkaloid; indole alkaloid fundamental parent	anti-HIV agent; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor; plant metabolite
amentoflavone		biflavonoid; hydroxyflavone; ring assembly	angiogenesis inhibitor; antiviral agent; cathepsin B inhibitor; P450 inhibitor; plant metabolite
baicalein		trihydroxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.31 (arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 4.1.1.17 (ornithine decarboxylase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; hormone antagonist; plant metabolite; prostaglandin antagonist; radical scavenger
chrysin	chrysin : A dihydroxyflavone in which the two hydroxy groups are located at positions 5 and 7.	7-hydroxyflavonol; dihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; EC 2.7.11.18 (myosin-light-chain kinase) inhibitor; hepatoprotective agent; plant metabolite
hispidulin	hispidulin : A monomethoxyflavone that is scutellarein methylated at position 6.	monomethoxyflavone; trihydroxyflavone	anti-inflammatory agent; anticonvulsant; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; plant metabolite
scutellarein	scutellarein : Flavone substituted with hydroxy groups at C-4', -5, -6 and -7. scutellarein: aglycone of scutellarin from Scutellaria baicalensis; carthamidin is 2S isomer of scutellarein; do not confuse with isoscutellarein and/or isocarthamidin which are respective regioisomers, or with the scutelarin protein	tetrahydroxyflavone	metabolite
wogonin	wogonin : A dihydroxy- and monomethoxy-flavone in which the hydroxy groups are positioned at C-5 and C-7 and the methoxy group is at C-8. wogonin: structure in first source	dihydroxyflavone; monomethoxyflavone	angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; plant metabolite
cholesta-3,5-dien-7-one
4-aminocrotonic acid
l 655,708
ry 80
stiripentol	stiripentol: structure
1-Ethyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole		harmala alkaloid
ginkgolide b
3-[(1S)-1-phenylethyl]-4-imidazolecarboxylic acid ethyl ester		imidazoles
valerenic acid	valerenic acid : A monocarboxylic acid that is 2-methylprop-2-enoic acid which is substituted at position 3 by a 3,7-dimethyl-2,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-1H-inden-4-yl group. A bicyclic sesquiterpenoid constituent of the essential oil of the Valerian plant. valerenic acid: a saturated oplopanone type indene from Valeriana officinalis	carbobicyclic compound; monocarboxylic acid; sesquiterpenoid	GABA modulator; plant metabolite; sedative; volatile oil component
n(4)-chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
icatibant		oligopeptide	beta-adrenergic antagonist; bradykinin receptor antagonist; peptidomimetic
dutasteride	dutasteride : An aza-steroid that is inasteride in which the tert-butyl group is replaced by a 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group. A synthetic 4-azasteroid, dutasteride is a selective inhibitor of both the type 1 and type 2 isoforms of steroid 5alpha-reductase, an intracellular enzyme that converts testosterone to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone. Dutasteride is used for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an enlarged prostate gland. Dutasteride: A 5-ALPHA-REDUCTASE INHIBITOR that is reported to inhibit both type-1 and type2 isoforms of the enzyme and is used to treat BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.	(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aza-steroid; delta-lactam	antihyperplasia drug; EC 1.3.1.22 [3-oxo-5alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor
ganaxolone	ganaxolone: a selective, high-affinity, steroid modulator of the GABA(A) receptor; structure given in first source; RN given refers to (3alpha,5alpha)-isomer	corticosteroid hormone
mrk 016	MRK 016: an inverse agonist of GABA(A) alpha5 receptors; structure in first source
6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)thio-1-(thiazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-2-benzothiophen-4(5h)-one	6,6-dimethyl-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)thio-1-(thiazol-2-yl)-6,7-dihydro-2-benzothiophen-4(5H)-one: a GABA-A alpha5 receptor inverse agonist; structure in first source
bis(7)-tacrine		secondary amino compound	apoptosis inhibitor; EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.7 (acetylcholinesterase) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent
sb 223245
l 755507	L 755507: a benzenesulfonamide derivative; structure in first source
2-pyridin-2-yl-4h-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one	2-pyridin-2-yl-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-4-one: a cardioprotective agent; structure in first source
qh-ii-66	QH-II-66: a alpha5-GABAA receptor agonist
brl 37344	BRL 37344: SB 206606 is the (R,R)-isomer	monocarboxylic acid
4-iodo-2,6-diisopropylphenol	4-iodo-2,6-diisopropylphenol: structure in first source
l 838,417	L 838,417: structure in first source
bn 52020
ry 024	RY 024: structure in first source
pwz-029	PWZ-029: a compound with moderate inverse agonist functional selectivity at GABA(A) receptors containing alpha5 subunits, improves passive, but not active, avoidance learning in rats; structure in first source
batatasin-iii		stilbenoid
regorafenib		(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; aromatic ether; monochlorobenzenes; monofluorobenzenes; phenylureas; pyridinecarboxamide	antineoplastic agent; hepatotoxic agent; tyrosine kinase inhibitor
naluzotan	naluzotan: an antidepressant and anti-anxiety agent; structure in first source
basimglurant
ro 4956371	2-chloro-4-((2,5-dimethyl-1-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethynyl)pyridine: a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist; structure in first source
mln8054		benzazepine
mdv 3100		(trifluoromethyl)benzenes; benzamides; imidazolidinone; monofluorobenzenes; nitrile; thiocarbonyl compound	androgen antagonist; antineoplastic agent
vx-770	ivacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-amino-2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. ivacaftor: a CFTR potentiator; structure in first source	aromatic amide; monocarboxylic acid amide; phenols; quinolone	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
lumacaftor	lumacaftor : An aromatic amide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid with the aromatic amino group of 3-(6-amino-3-methylpyridin-2-yl)benzoic acid. Used for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. lumacaftor: a corrector of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CTFR); structure in first source	aromatic amide; benzodioxoles; benzoic acids; cyclopropanes; organofluorine compound; pyridines	CFTR potentiator; orphan drug
ns 11394	3'-(5-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)benzoimidazol-1-yl)biphenyl-2-carbonitrile: an anxiolytic agent; structure in first source
valproate sodium	Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid.	organic sodium salt	geroprotector
mrk-409	MRK-409: GABA-A Receptor Agonists; structure in first source
4-amino-8-(2-fluoro-6-methoxy-phenyl)-n-propylcinnoline-3-carboxamide	4-amino-8-(2-fluoro-6-methoxy-phenyl)-N-propylcinnoline-3-carboxamide: a GABA(A) alpha2,3 receptor modulator; structure in first source
4-amino-8-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-propylcinnoline-3-carboxamide
pf 04457845
mln 8237	MLN 8237: an aurora kinase A inhibitor	benzazepine
apalutamide
nitd 609	NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source
mk-7246
a-1155463	A-1155463: a Bcl-X(L) inhibitor; structure in first source
n-((4-methoxy)-2-naphthyl)-5-nitroanthranilic acid	N-((4-methoxy)-2-naphthyl)-5-nitroanthranilic acid: inhibits anoctamin-1; structure in first source
t16ainh-a01	T16AInh-A01: a TMEM16A inhibitor

Protein	Definition	Taxonomy
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	[no definition available]	Bos taurus (cattle)
Anoctamin-2	An anoctamin-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NQ90]	Homo sapiens (human)
Anoctamin-1	An anoctamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5XXA6]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O00591]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47870]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q16445]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P31644]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47869]	Homo sapiens (human)
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2	A glycine receptor subunit alpha-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P23416]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P34903]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:A8MPY1]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q99928]	Homo sapiens (human)
Glycine receptor subunit beta	A glycine receptor subunit beta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48167]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P24046]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P28476]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O14764]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18507]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q8N1C3]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P14867]	Homo sapiens (human)
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1	A glycine receptor subunit alpha-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P23415]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P78334]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UN88]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18505]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P28472]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P48169]	Homo sapiens (human)
Anoctamin-1	An anoctamin-1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q5XXA6]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P47870]	Homo sapiens (human)
Neutral amino acid transporter A	A neutral amino acid transporter A that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P43007]	Homo sapiens (human)
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2	A gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P18507]	Homo sapiens (human)
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	A cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:CNA, UniProtKB:P13569]	Homo sapiens (human)