motexafin gadolinium profile

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	9919910
CHEBI ID	50161
MeSH ID	M0230886

Synonym
(pb-7-11-233'2'4)-bis(acetato-kappao)(9,10-diethyl-20,21-bis(2-(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)-4,15-dimethyl-8,11-imino-3,6:16,13-dinitrilo-1,18-benzodiazacycloeicosine-5,14-dipropanolato-kappan(1),kappan(18),kappan(23),kappan(24),kappan(25))gadolinium
bis(acetato-kappao){3,3'-[4,5-diethyl-16,17-bis{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}-10,23-dimethyl-13,20,25,26,27-pentaazapentacyclo[20.2.1.1(3,6).1(8,11).0(14,19)]heptacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(26),12,14,16,18,20,22(25),23-tridecaene-9,24-diyl-kappa(5)n(13),n(2
gd texaphyrin
246252-06-2
CHEBI:50161 ,
gd-tex
motexafin gadolinium
xcytrin
MGD ,
gadolinium texaphyrin

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" All the measurements yield very similar pharmacokinetic curves."	( Fluorescence pharmacokinetics of Lutetium Texaphyrin (PCI-0123, Lu-Tex) in the skin and in healthy and tumoral hamster cheek-pouch mucosa. Monnier, P; Radu, A; van den Bergh, H; Wagnières, G; Zellweger, M, 2000)	0.31
" The pooled data were analyzed using population pharmacokinetic (POP-PK) methods."	( Population pharmacokinetics of motexafin gadolinium in adults with brain metastases or glioblastoma multiforme. Boswell, GW; Ford, JM; Hutcheson, SJ; Miles, DR; Phan, SC; Renschler, MF; Smith, JA, 2005)	0.33
" bioavailability, and define a pharmacokinetic model suitable for descriptive and predictive use."	( Population pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of motexafin gadolinium (Xcytrin) in CD1 mice following intravenous and intraperitoneal injection. Boswell, GW; Mesfin, M; Miles, DR; Thiemann, PA, 2006)	0.33
" Previously, our group reported motexafin gadolinium (MGd) concentrations in mouse tissues measured noninvasively by the optical pharmacokinetic system (OPS) in vivo, nondestructively by OPS in situ, and destructively by HPLC ex vivo."	( Pharmacokinetic modeling of motexafin gadolinium disposition in mouse tissues using optical pharmacokinetic system measurements. Eiseman, JL; Kanick, SC; Parker, RS, 2008)	0.35

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" In patients with lung cancer, motexafin gadolinium has been shown to increase the time to neurologic progression when given in combination with whole-brain radiotherapy in randomized phase III studies."	( Phase I trial of motexafin gadolinium in combination with docetaxel and cisplatin for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Glisson, BS; Karp, DD; Oh, YW; Phan, SC; Stewart, DJ; William, WN; Zinner, RG, 2007)	0.34
"To determine the efficacy of motexafin gadolinium (MGd) in combination with whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for the treatment of brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer."	( Motexafin gadolinium combined with prompt whole brain radiotherapy prolongs time to neurologic progression in non-small-cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: results of a phase III trial. Carrie, C; Chabot, P; Fortin, A; Gervais, R; Glantz, MJ; Langer, C; Mahe, MA; Mehta, MP; Meyers, CA; Miller, RA; Nieder, C; Patchell, RA; Phan, SC; Recht, L; Renschler, MF; Roa, WH; Shapiro, WR; Smith, JA; Sur, RK, 2009)	0.35
"We did preclinical studies examining motexafin gadolinium combined with rituximab and/or radiation in lymphoma cells."	( The novel expanded porphyrin, motexafin gadolinium, combined with [90Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preclinical findings and results of a phase I trial. Chen, J; Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Hamilton, E; Helenowski, IB; Jovanovic, BD; Miller, RA; Miyata, S; Naumovski, L; Patton, D; Rosen, ST; Spies, S; Spies, WG; Variakojis, D; Winter, JN, 2009)	0.35
" Motexafin gadolinium/rituximab combined with radiation (1-3 Gy) resulted in additive apoptosis."	( The novel expanded porphyrin, motexafin gadolinium, combined with [90Y]ibritumomab tiuxetan for relapsed/refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: preclinical findings and results of a phase I trial. Chen, J; Evens, AM; Gordon, LI; Hamilton, E; Helenowski, IB; Jovanovic, BD; Miller, RA; Miyata, S; Naumovski, L; Patton, D; Rosen, ST; Spies, S; Spies, WG; Variakojis, D; Winter, JN, 2009)	0.35

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" The maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) was 22."	( Reversible renal toxicity resulting from high single doses of the new radiosensitizer gadolinium texaphyrin. Becerra, CR; Carbone, DP; Frenkel, EP; Rosenthal, DI; Toto, RD, 2000)	0.31
" GdTx used with equimolar ascorbic acid altered the radiation dose-response curves of cells irradiated under aerobic and hypoxic conditions; no significant changes were observed without ascorbic acid."	( Preliminary studies of the effects of gadolinium texaphyrin on the growth and radiosensitivity of EMT6 cells in vitro. Donnelly, ET; Liu, Y; Rockwell, S; Tang, LQ, 2002)	0.31
" There was minimal accumulation of MGd in plasma with the three-times/week dosing schedule."	( Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the novel redox-active agent, motexafin gadolinium, with concurrent radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic or biliary cancers. Belani, CP; Deutsch, M; Egorin, MJ; Eiseman, JL; Fakih, M; Ivy, SP; Mani, S; Parise, RA; Perez, RP; Potter, DM; Ramanathan, RK; Ritter, MA; Trump, DL, 2006)	0.33
" MGd was administered daily (Monday to Friday) for five or 10 doses as a loading regimen, followed by three times per week dosing as a maintenance schedule."	( MRI measurement of the uptake and retention of motexafin gadolinium in glioblastoma multiforme and uninvolved normal human brain. Alger, JR; Ford, JM; Wu, GN, 2006)	0.33
" For three mice, the mean (standard deviation) concentration of MGd in plasma/tissues taken 5 hr after dosing with 23 mg kg(-1) MGd was determined by LC-FLS as follows: plasma (0."	( Validation and use of three complementary analytical methods (LC-FLS, LC-MS/MS and ICP-MS) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and stability of motexafin gadolinium in plasma and tissues. Boswell, GW; Denis, B; Fiene, J; Lee, J; Mesfin, M; Miles, DR; Mody, TD; Stiles, M, 2006)	0.33
" Specifically, the lead could be dosed at more than three times (i."	( Oxaliplatin Pt(IV) prodrugs conjugated to gadolinium-texaphyrin as potential antitumor agents. Alaniz, J; Arambula, JF; Baze, WB; Cho, MY; Finch, R; He, G; Hong, KS; Kim, HM; Lee, H; Lyness, G; Munoz Macias, R; Segura, L; Sen, S; Sessler, JL; Shelton, KA; Siddik, ZH; Thiabaud, G; Watts, AB, 2020)	0.56

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	17 (14.66)	18.2507
2000's	78 (67.24)	29.6817
2010's	19 (16.38)	24.3611
2020's	2 (1.72)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	22 (18.80%)	5.53%
Reviews	21 (17.95%)	6.00%
Case Studies	1 (0.85%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	73 (62.39%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Clinical Trials (37)

Trial Overview

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Repeatability Assessment of Quantitative DCE-MRI and DWI: A Multicenter Study of Functional Imaging Standardization in the Prostate [NCT01562223]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2012-08-27	Active, not recruiting
A Pilot Study Incorporating Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) Into High-dose Methotrexate (MTX)-Based Chemo-immunotherapy and Radiation for Patients With Newly Diagnosed Primary CNS Lymphoma [NCT00734773]	Early Phase 1	0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2008-11-30	Withdrawn(stopped due to Lack of funding)
A Prospective, Multicenter Comparison of Multiphase Contrast-Enhanced CT and Multiphase Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Transplant Allocation [NCT01082224]		440 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2010-12-31	Active, not recruiting
18F-DCFPyL PET/MRI for Detection of Regional Nodal and Distant Metastases in Patients With Intermediate and High-risk Prostate Cancer [NCT04809584]		0 participants	Expanded Access		Temporarily not available
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma With Refractory or Relapsed Disease [NCT00100711]	Phase 2	27 participants	Interventional	2004-10-31	Terminated
A Histopathologic and Imaging Study of Renal Cell Carcinoma Vasculature in the Setting of Sunitinib Therapy Prior to Cytoreductive Nephrectomy [NCT00717587]	Phase 2	20 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-06-30	Recruiting
A Phase II Study of Motexafin-Gadolinium (NSC 695238, IND #55583) and Involved Field Radiation Therapy for Intrinsic Pontine Glioma of Childhood [NCT00387790]	Phase 2	64 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2007-06-30	Completed
A PHASE I/II TRIAL OF TEMOZOLOMIDE, MOTEXAFIN GADOLINIUM, AND 60 GY FRACTIONATED RADIATION FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED SUPRATENTORIAL GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME [NCT00305864]	Phase 1/Phase 2	118 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-02-09	Completed
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) and Docetaxel Administered at 3-Week Intervals for Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT00080041]	Phase 1	20 participants	Interventional		Completed
A Phase II Multi-Centre Study of Concomitant and Prolonged Adjuvant Temozolomide With Radiotherapy in Diffuse Pontine Gliomas [NCT00514397]	Phase 2	43 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2008-01-31	Recruiting
Phase I Study Involving Gadolinium Texaphyrin (NSC 695238) in Patients With Pancreatic and Periampullary Adenocarcinoma Receiving Radiotherapy for Unresectable Disease [NCT00003798]	Phase 1	45 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2000-04-30	Completed
An Open-Label Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma [NCT00096837]	Phase 2	25 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) [NCT00076401]	Phase 2	27 participants	Interventional		Terminated
Randomized Phase II Trial of Single Agent Motexafin Gadolinium for Second Line Treatment of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00129844]	Phase 2	108 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2005-09-30	Completed
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Combination With Temozolomide for Treatment of Malignant Gliomas [NCT00080054]	Phase 1	24 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) and Docetaxel Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors [NCT00120939]	Phase 1	25 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium for Treatment of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma [NCT00134186]	Phase 2	43 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Combination With Docetaxel and Cisplatin for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) [NCT00102505]	Phase 1	36 participants	Interventional	2004-11-30	Completed
A Phase I Trial to Evaluate Repetitive Intravenous Doses of Gadolinium-Texaphyrin as a Radiosensitizer in Patients With Glioblastoma Multiforme [NCT00006452]	Phase 1	6 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2002-04-10	Completed
A Phase I Dose Escalating Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Gadolinium Texaphyrin as a Radiation Sensitizer in Patients With Primary Glioblastoma Multiforme [NCT00003409]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	1998-07-31	Completed
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium With Whole Brain Radiation Therapy Followed by Stereotactic Radiosurgery Boost in the Treatment of Patients With Brain Metastases [NCT00121420]	Phase 2	45 participants	Interventional		Terminated
An Open-Label Phase I Dose Escalation Trial To Evaluate The Safety And Pharmacokinetics Of Motexafin Gadolinium And Doxorubicin Chemotherapy In The Treatment Of Advanced Malignancies [NCT00036790]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2002-02-28	Completed
A Phase I Trial To Evaluate Repetitive Intravenous Doses Of Gadolinium-Texaphyrin As A Radiosensitizer In Patients With Glioblastoma Multi Forme [NCT00032097]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	2002-04-30	Completed
An Open-Label Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Motexafin Gadolinium and Cranial Irradiation in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Multiforme [NCT00022256]	Phase 2	0 participants	Interventional	2001-04-30	Completed
Randomized Phase III Trial of Xcytrin® (Motexafin Gadolinium) Injection for the Treatment of Brain Metastases in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Whole Brain Radiation Therapy [NCT00054795]	Phase 3	550 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium and Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck [NCT00080028]	Phase 1	18 participants	Interventional		Terminated
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma [NCT00086034]	Phase 2	35 participants	Interventional		Completed
Phase I/II Trial of Weekly Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) for Patients With Refractory or Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma [NCT00290004]	Phase 1/Phase 2	35 participants	Interventional	2005-11-30	Completed
Pilot Study: High Risk Breast Cancer Screening Pilot Study [NCT00003736]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	1999-06-30	Completed
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium and Docetaxel for Second Line Treatment of Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00373204]	Phase 2	50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-05-31	Terminated
Pilot Trial of Gadolium Texaphyrin for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Resection of High Grade Gliomas [NCT00003410]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	1998-07-31	Completed
PHASE I TRIAL OF GADOLINIUM TEXAPHYRIN (PCI -0120) AS A RADIOSENSITIZER DURING STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY BOOST FOR GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME [NCT00004262]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	1999-11-30	Completed
A Phase I Study of Induction Carboplatin / Paclitaxel Chemotherapy, Pre-operative Radiotherapy With Gadolinium Texaphyrin (Gd-Tex), and Surgical Resection in Stage IIIA (N2) Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma. [NCT00005065]	Phase 1	12 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2000-01-31	Completed
Phase II Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium and Pemetrexed (Alimta®) for Second Line Treatment in Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer [NCT00365183]	Phase 2	74 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-06-30	Terminated
Phase I Dose Escalation and Pharmacokinetics Study of the Radiosensitizer, Gadolinium Texaphyrin (Gd-Tex, NSC 695238) With Concurrent Radiotherapy in Advanced Biliary Tree and Pancreatic Cancers [NCT00003411]	Phase 1	0 participants	Interventional	1998-11-30	Completed
A Phase I Study of Motexafin Gadolinium (Xcytrin, NSC 695238) and Involved Field Radiation Therapy for Intrinsic Pontine Glioma of Childhood [NCT00003909]	Phase 1	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	1999-08-31	Completed
A Phase I/II Trial of Redox Regulation in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory CD20 Positive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL): Combining 90-Yttrium- Zevalin and the Redox- Modulating Agent, Motexafin Gadolinium (MGd) [NCT00089284]	Phase 1/Phase 2	30 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2003-10-28	Terminated(stopped due to Due to lack of funding, phase II of study was not completed.)
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Trial Outcomes

Trial	Outcome
NCT00089284 (3) [back to overview]	Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)
NCT00089284 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)
NCT00089284 (3) [back to overview]	Anti-lymphoma Efficacy
NCT00305864 (3) [back to overview]	Maximum Tolerated Dose of MGd (Phase I)
NCT00305864 (3) [back to overview]	Median Overall Survival (Phase II)
NCT00305864 (3) [back to overview]	Progression-free Survival (Phase II)
NCT00387790 (3) [back to overview]	One Year Event-free Survival (EFS)
NCT00387790 (3) [back to overview]	Overall Survival (OS)
NCT00387790 (3) [back to overview]	The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.

Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

"The number of Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT) observed in patients treated with Motexafin Gadolinium at different dose levels in combination with Rituxan, Indium-Zevalin, and 90Yttrium-Zevalin was used to determine the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) to be used for phase II of the study. The number of dose-limiting toxicities observed in each cohort of patients determined whether to continue dose escalation. Each cohort = at least 3 patients.~All toxicities will be graded according to the NCI Common Toxicity Criteria, version 2.0, with a DLT defined as any of the following:~Grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity (other than grade 3 nausea or vomiting). Grade 4 vomiting despite maximal antiemetic support. Grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia either lasting longer than 14 days-Grade 4 duration will be measured (in days) from the first date in grade 4 to last date in grade 4 after nadir (growth factor and transfusion independent, respectively)." (NCT00089284)
Timeframe: Weekly during treatment and continuing up through Day 90

Intervention	Dose-Limiting Toxicities (Number)
2.5 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	0
2.5 mg/kg MGd & 6-24% Bone Marrow Involvement	0
3.5 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	0
5.0 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	0

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Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of Motexafin Gadolinium in combination with Rituxan, Indium-Zevalin, and 90Yttrium-Zevalin was determined using a modified Fibonacci phase I study design (with patient allocation based on amount of lymphoma bone marrow involvement) and will be used in phase II of the study. The MTD will be that dose at which 0/3 or 1/6 patients or 2/9 experience a Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLT), with the next higher dose level provoking DLT in 2/3 or 3/6 or 4/9 patients. (NCT00089284)
Timeframe: Weekly during treatment and continuing up through Day 90

Intervention	mg/kg (Number)
Rituxan and 90Yttrium-Zevalin Plus MGd	5.0

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Anti-lymphoma Efficacy

To assess the anti-lymphoma efficacy of the combination of MGd and 90Yttrium-Zevalin therapy. Disease response to treatment was categorized as complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), or complete response/unconfirmed (CRu). The overall response rate (ORR) was then calculated. The time to treatment failure (TTF), overall survival (OS), and duration of response were determined. (NCT00089284)
Timeframe: At 1, 3 and 6 months

,,,

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Complete Response (CR)	Partial Response (PR)	Stable Disease (SD)	Progressive Disease (PD)	Complete Response/Uncofirmed (CRu)
2.5 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	6	0	0	1	0
2.5 mg/kg MGd & 6-24% Bone Marrow Involvement	0	1	1	0	1
3.5 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	2	1	2	0	0
5.0 mg/kg MGd & ≤ 5% Bone Marrow Involvement	3	1	5	3	1

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Maximum Tolerated Dose of MGd (Phase I)

"Patients were to be followed for a minimum of 90 days from the start of radiation therapy (RT) and carefully evaluated with respect to treatment morbidity. A dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was defined as a grade 4 neurologic adverse event (AE) considered to be related to treatment occurring within 21 days of the conclusion of RT. For each dose level, up to seven patients were to be accrued to assure that there would be six eligible for treatment adverse event evaluation. A dose level of MGd was considered acceptable if no more than 1 patient of the 6 experience a DLT. If the current level was considered acceptable, then dose escalation occurred. Otherwise, the preceding dose level would be declared the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The MTD would be used for the Phase II arm.~Rating scale: 0 = not the MTD, 1 = MTD" (NCT00305864)
Timeframe: From start of radiation therapy to 90 days,

Intervention	units on a scale (Number)
Phase I: MGd 3 mg/kg	0
Phase I: MGd 4 mg/kg	0
Phase I: 5 mg/kg	1

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Median Overall Survival (Phase II)

Survival time was defined as the time from baseline to date of death from any cause. Patients last known to be alive are censored at date of last contact. (NCT00305864)
Timeframe: From randomization to date of death or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for at least 18 months. Patients were followed up to 54.3 months

Intervention	Months (Median)
All MGd 5mg/kg Patients (Phase I and II Arms Combined)	15.6

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Progression-free Survival (Phase II)

Progression will be defined as a > 25% increase in tumor area. Progression-free survival time was defined as the time from baseline to date of death from any cause. Patients last known to be alive are censored at date of last contact. (NCT00305864)
Timeframe: From randomization to date of progression, death, or last follow-up. Analysis occurs after all patients have been potentially followed for at least 18 months. Patients were followed up to 54.3 months.

Intervention	months (Median)
All MGd 5mg/kg Patients (Phase I and II Arms Combined)	7.6

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One Year Event-free Survival (EFS)

Percentage probability of being event-free at 1 year following enrollment. (NCT00387790)
Timeframe: One year after enrollment.

Intervention	percent probability (Number)
Radiation and Motexafin Gadolinium	20

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Overall Survival (OS)

Percentage probability of being alive 1 year following enrollment. (NCT00387790)
Timeframe: One year after enrollment.

Intervention	percent probability (Number)
Radiation and Motexafin Gadolinium	53

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The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.

Occurrence of serious toxicity defined as any grade 4 hematologic toxicity that persists for more than 7 days or requires platelet transfusions for a time period exceeding 7 days; any grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity with the exception of grade 3 nausea or vomiting which can be controlled within 7 days; grade 3 skin reaction; grade 3 transaminitis. (NCT00387790)
Timeframe: One cycle of chemotherapy and radiation therapy; expected to be 42 days of treatment.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
Radiation and Motexafin Gadolinium	31

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Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
aminolevulinic acid Aminolevulinic Acid: A compound produced from succinyl-CoA and GLYCINE as an intermediate in heme synthesis. It is used as a PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY for actinic KERATOSIS.. 5-aminolevulinic acid : The simplest delta-amino acid in which the hydrogens at the gamma position are replaced by an oxo group. It is metabolised to protoporphyrin IX, a photoactive compound which accumulates in the skin. Used (in the form of the hydrochloride salt)in combination with blue light illumination for the treatment of minimally to moderately thick actinic keratosis of the face or scalp.	7.42	2	0	4-oxo monocarboxylic acid; amino acid zwitterion; delta-amino acid	antineoplastic agent; dermatologic drug; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; photosensitizing agent; plant metabolite; prodrug; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl Sulfoxide: A highly polar organic liquid, that is used widely as a chemical solvent. Because of its ability to penetrate biological membranes, it is used as a vehicle for topical application of pharmaceuticals. It is also used to protect tissue during CRYOPRESERVATION. Dimethyl sulfoxide shows a range of pharmacological activity including analgesia and anti-inflammation.. dimethyl sulfoxide : A 2-carbon sulfoxide in which the sulfur atom has two methyl substituents.	3.23	1	0	sulfoxide; volatile organic compound	alkylating agent; antidote; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; MRI contrast agent; non-narcotic analgesic; polar aprotic solvent; radical scavenger
thioctic acid Thioctic Acid: An octanoic acid bridged with two sulfurs so that it is sometimes also called a pentanoic acid in some naming schemes. It is biosynthesized by cleavage of LINOLEIC ACID and is a coenzyme of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX). It is used in DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS.	2.02	1	0	dithiolanes; heterocyclic fatty acid; thia fatty acid	fundamental metabolite; geroprotector
oxalic acid Oxalic Acid: A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.. oxalic acid : An alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.	2.01	1	0	alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; human metabolite; plant metabolite
phenytoin [no description available]	2.02	1	0	imidazolidine-2,4-dione	anticonvulsant; drug allergen; sodium channel blocker; teratogenic agent
celecoxib [no description available]	2.03	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrazoles; sulfonamide; toluenes	cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; geroprotector; non-narcotic analgesic; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
fluorouracil Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.. 5-fluorouracil : A nucleobase analogue that is uracil in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine. It is an antineoplastic agent which acts as an antimetabolite - following conversion to the active deoxynucleotide, it inhibits DNA synthesis (by blocking the conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid by the cellular enzyme thymidylate synthetase) and so slows tumour growth.	2.07	1	0	nucleobase analogue; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
ethidium Ethidium: A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.. ethidium : The fluorescent compound widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry to reveal double-stranded DNA and RNA.	2.05	1	0	phenanthridines	fluorochrome; intercalator
procarbazine Procarbazine: An antineoplastic agent used primarily in combination with mechlorethamine, vincristine, and prednisone (the MOPP protocol) in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.. procarbazine : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-[(2-methylhydrazino)methyl]benzoic acid with the amino group of isopropylamine. An antineoplastic chemotherapy drug used for treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metabolism yields azo-procarbazine and hydrogen peroxide, which results in the breaking of DNA strands.	3.12	1	0	benzamides; hydrazines	antineoplastic agent
temozolomide [no description available]	7.91	4	2	imidazotetrazine; monocarboxylic acid amide; triazene derivative	alkylating agent; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
prednisolone Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.. prednisolone : A glucocorticoid that is prednisone in which the oxo group at position 11 has been reduced to the corresponding beta-hydroxy group. It is a drug metabolite of prednisone.	3.12	1	0	11beta-hydroxy steroid; 17alpha-hydroxy steroid; 20-oxo steroid; 21-hydroxy steroid; 3-oxo-Delta(1),Delta(4)-steroid; C21-steroid; glucocorticoid; primary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tertiary alpha-hydroxy ketone	adrenergic agent; anti-inflammatory drug; antineoplastic agent; drug metabolite; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; xenobiotic
9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.. 7,12-dimethyltetraphene : A tetraphene having methyl substituents at the 7- and 12-positions. It is a potent carcinogen and is present in tobacco smoke.	2	1	0	ortho-fused polycyclic arene; tetraphenes	carcinogenic agent
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.03	1	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
tryptophan Tryptophan: An essential amino acid that is necessary for normal growth in infants and for NITROGEN balance in adults. It is a precursor of INDOLE ALKALOIDS in plants. It is a precursor of SEROTONIN (hence its use as an antidepressant and sleep aid). It can be a precursor to NIACIN, albeit inefficiently, in mammals.. tryptophan : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine bearing an indol-3-yl substituent at position 3.	2.08	1	0	erythrose 4-phosphate/phosphoenolpyruvate family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; tryptophan zwitterion; tryptophan	antidepressant; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
acetylcysteine N-acetyl-L-cysteine : An N-acetyl-L-amino acid that is the N-acetylated derivative of the natural amino acid L-cysteine.	2.01	1	0	acetylcysteine; L-cysteine derivative; N-acetyl-L-amino acid	antidote to paracetamol poisoning; antiinfective agent; antioxidant; antiviral drug; ferroptosis inhibitor; geroprotector; human metabolite; mucolytic; radical scavenger; vulnerary
deoxycytidine [no description available]	2.07	1	0	pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
arsenic trioxide Arsenic Trioxide: An inorganic compound with the chemical formula As2O3 that is used for the treatment of ACUTE PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA in patients who have relapsed from, or are resistant to, conventional drug therapy.	3.13	1	0
fluorescein Fluorescein: A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.. fluorescein (lactone form) : A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.	2	1	0	2-benzofurans; gamma-lactone; organic heteropentacyclic compound; oxaspiro compound; polyphenol; xanthene dye	fluorescent dye; radioopaque medium
buthionine sulfoximine Buthionine Sulfoximine: A synthetic amino acid that depletes glutathione by irreversibly inhibiting gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Inhibition of this enzyme is a critical step in glutathione biosynthesis. It has been shown to inhibit the proliferative response in human T-lymphocytes and inhibit macrophage activation. (J Biol Chem 1995;270(33):1945-7). 2-amino-4-(S-butylsulfonimidoyl)butanoic acid : A non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid that is homocysteine in which the thiol group carries an oxo, imino and butyl groups.. S-butyl-DL-homocysteine (S,R)-sulfoximine : A sulfoximide that is the sulfoximine derivative of an analogue of DL-methionine in which the S-methyl group is replaced by S-butyl.	4.04	2	0	diastereoisomeric mixture; homocysteines; non-proteinogenic alpha-amino acid; sulfoximide	EC 6.3.2.2 (glutamate--cysteine ligase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inducer
dysprosium Dysprosium: An element of the rare earth family that has the atomic symbol Dy, atomic number 66, and atomic weight 162.50. Dysprosium is a silvery metal used primarily in the form of various salts.	2.02	1	0	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
lutetium Lutetium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Lu, atomic number 71, and atomic weight 175.	4.63	6	1	d-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
platinum Platinum: A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, with atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.084, symbol Pt. It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as alutiae.	7.48	2	0	elemental platinum; nickel group element atom; platinum group metal atom
argon Argon: A noble gas with the atomic symbol Ar, atomic number 18, and atomic weight 39.948. It is used in fluorescent tubes and wherever an inert atmosphere is desired and nitrogen cannot be used.	1.99	1	0	monoatomic argon; noble gas atom; p-block element atom	food packaging gas; neuroprotective agent
cadmium Cadmium: An element with atomic symbol Cd, atomic number 48, and atomic weight 112.41. It is a metal and ingestion will lead to CADMIUM POISONING.. elemental cadmium : An element in the zinc group of the periodic table with atomic number 48, atomic mass 112, M.P. 321degreeC, and B.P. 765degreeC). An odourless, tasteless, and highly poisonous soft, ductile, lustrous metal with electropositive properties. It has eight stable isotopes: (106)Cd, (108)Cd,(110)Cd, (111)Cd, (112)Cd, (113)Cd, (114)Cd and (116)Cd, with (112)Cd and (114)Cd being the most common.	2.02	1	0	cadmium molecular entity; zinc group element atom
gadolinium Gadolinium: An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Gd, atomic number 64, and atomic weight 157.25. Its oxide is used in the control rods of some nuclear reactors.	9.16	12	2	f-block element atom; lanthanoid atom
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	2.02	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
gemcitabine gemcitabine : A 2'-deoxycytidine having geminal fluoro substituents in the 2'-position. An inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, gemcitabine is used in the treatment of various carcinomas, particularly non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer.	2.07	1	0	organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.17.4.1 (ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; immunosuppressive agent; photosensitizing agent; prodrug; radiosensitizing agent; xenobiotic
capecitabine Capecitabine: A deoxycytidine derivative and fluorouracil PRODRUG that is used as an ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIMETABOLITE in the treatment of COLON CANCER; BREAST CANCER and GASTRIC CANCER.. capecitabine : A carbamate ester that is cytidine in which the hydrogen at position 5 is replaced by fluorine and in which the amino group attached to position 4 is converted into its N-(penyloxy)carbonyl derivative. Capecitabine is a antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of cancers.	2.07	1	0	carbamate ester; cytidines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; prodrug
chlorin chlorin: RN given refers to parent cpd; structure. chlorin : A tetrapyrrole fundamental parent that is obtained by formal hydrogenation across the 2,3-double bond of porphyrin.	1.99	1	0
yttrium radioisotopes Yttrium Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of yttrium that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Y atoms with atomic weights 82-88 and 90-96 are radioactive yttrium isotopes.	3.43	1	1
clofarabine [no description available]	2.02	1	0	adenosines; organofluorine compound	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent
efaproxiral efaproxiral: RN & structure given in first source; allosteric effector of hemoglobin	3.13	1	0
methotrexate [no description available]	2.43	2	0	dicarboxylic acid; monocarboxylic acid amide; pteridines	abortifacient; antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antirheumatic drug; dermatologic drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; immunosuppressive agent
docetaxel anhydrous Docetaxel: A semisynthetic analog of PACLITAXEL used in the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic BREAST NEOPLASMS and NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER.. docetaxel anhydrous : A tetracyclic diterpenoid that is paclitaxel with the N-benzyloxycarbonyl group replaced by N-tert-butoxycarbonyl, and the acetoxy group at position 10 replaced by a hydroxy group.	3.82	2	1	secondary alpha-hydroxy ketone; tetracyclic diterpenoid	antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; photosensitizing agent
gadolinium (+3) acetate [no description available]	2.02	1	0
leupeptins Leupeptins: A group of acylated oligopeptides produced by Actinomycetes that function as protease inhibitors. They have been known to inhibit to varying degrees trypsin, plasmin, KALLIKREINS, papain and the cathepsins.	2.05	1	0
carboplatin [no description available]	2.05	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde: proteasome inhibitor. N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucinal : A tripeptide that is L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine in which the C-terminal carboxy group has been reduced to the corresponding aldehyde and the N-terminal amino group is protected as its benzyloxycarbonyl derivative.	2.05	1	0	amino aldehyde; carbamate ester; tripeptide	proteasome inhibitor
nadp [no description available]	3.34	2	0
motexafin lutetium motexafin lutetium: structure given in first source	14.11	27	2
sirolimus Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.. sirolimus : A macrolide lactam isolated from Streptomyces hygroscopicus consisting of a 29-membered ring containing 4 trans double bonds, three of which are conjugated. It is an antibiotic, immunosupressive and antineoplastic agent.	2.02	1	0	antibiotic antifungal drug; cyclic acetal; cyclic ketone; ether; macrolide lactam; organic heterotricyclic compound; secondary alcohol	antibacterial drug; anticoronaviral agent; antineoplastic agent; bacterial metabolite; geroprotector; immunosuppressive agent; mTOR inhibitor
arsenic Arsenic: A shiny gray element with atomic symbol As, atomic number 33, and atomic weight 75. It occurs throughout the universe, mostly in the form of metallic arsenides. Most forms are toxic. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), arsenic and certain arsenic compounds have been listed as known carcinogens. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	3.13	1	0	metalloid atom; pnictogen	micronutrient
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
benzoporphyrin d benzoporphyrin D: C42H44N4O8, MW 732.821	2.4	2	0
gadolinium dtpa Gadolinium DTPA: A complex of gadolinium with a chelating agent, diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA see PENTETIC ACID), that is given to enhance the image in cranial and spinal MRIs. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p706)	2.04	1	0	gadolinium coordination entity	MRI contrast agent
aq4n AQ4N: structure given in first source	3.13	1	0
nutlin-3a nutlin 3: an MDM2 antagonist; structure in first source	2.05	1	0	stilbenoid
indocyanine green Indocyanine Green: A tricarbocyanine dye that is used diagnostically in liver function tests and to determine blood volume and cardiac output.	2	1	0	1,1-diunsubstituted alkanesulfonate; benzoindole; cyanine dye
ethidium homodimer ethidium homodimer: structure	2.05	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	5.29	6	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
warfarin Warfarin: An anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. Warfarin is indicated for the prophylaxis and/or treatment of venous thrombosis and its extension, pulmonary embolism, and atrial fibrillation with embolization. It is also used as an adjunct in the prophylaxis of systemic embolism after myocardial infarction. Warfarin is also used as a rodenticide.. warfarin : A racemate comprising equal amounts of (R)- and (S)-warfarin. Extensively used as both an anticoagulant drug and as a pesticide against rats and mice.. 4-hydroxy-3-(3-oxo-1-phenylbutyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one : A member of the class of coumarins that is 4-hydroxycoumarin which is substituted at position 3 by a 1-phenyl-3-oxo-1-butyl group.	2	1	0	benzenes; hydroxycoumarin; methyl ketone
epidermal growth factor Epidermal Growth Factor: A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.	2.02	1	0
benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone: an interleukin-1beta converting enzyme (ICE)-like protease inhibitor	2.02	1	0
guanine [no description available]	3.45	1	1	2-aminopurines; oxopurine; purine nucleobase	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
dacarbazine (E)-dacarbazine : A dacarbazine in which the N=N double bond adopts a trans-configuration.	7.91	4	2	dacarbazine
pemetrexed pemetrexed disodium : An organic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of N-{4-[2-(2-amino-4-oxo-4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl}-L-glutamic acid. Inhibits thymidylate synthase (TS), 421 dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (GARFT).	8.45	1	1	N-acyl-L-glutamic acid; pyrrolopyrimidine	antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor; EC 2.1.2.2 (phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase) inhibitor
tirapazamine Tirapazamine: A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation.. tirapazamine : A member of the class of benzotriazines that is 1,2,4-benzotriazine carrying an amino substituent at position 3 and two oxido substituents at positions 1 and 4.	4.02	2	0	aromatic amine; benzotriazines; N-oxide	antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer
trypan blue Trypan Blue: A diazo-naphthalene sulfonate that is widely used as a stain.. trypan blue : An organosulfonate salt that is the tetrasodium salt of 3,3'-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)didiazene-2,1-diyl]bis(5-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2,7-disulfonic acid).	2.07	1	0
texaphyrin texaphyrin: structure in first source. texaphyrin : A class of synthetic expanded porphyrins with a 22 pi-electron aromatic system. They are named after the state of Texas where these compounds were first synthesised.	2.02	1	0
4-imino-1,3-diazabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-one [no description available]	3.13	1	0
chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine chloroaluminum tetrasulfophthalocyanine: RN given refers to parent cpd	1.99	1	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Benign Neoplasms [description not available]	12.24	22	5
Neoplasms New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.	12.24	22	5
Benign Neoplasms, Brain [description not available]	16.76	52	31
Astrocytoma, Grade IV [description not available]	9.91	10	6
Benign Supratentorial Neoplasms [description not available]	7.54	4	4
Brain Neoplasms Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.	16.76	52	31
Glioblastoma A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.	9.91	10	6
Disease Models, Animal Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	2.96	4	0
Glial Cell Tumors [description not available]	6.02	5	2
Glioma Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)	6.02	5	2
Cancer of Lung [description not available]	15.19	34	23
Lung Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.	15.19	34	23
Brain Stem Neoplasms, Primary [description not available]	5.33	2	2
Brain Stem Neoplasms Benign and malignant intra-axial tumors of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; or MEDULLA OBLONGATA of the BRAIN STEM. Primary and metastatic neoplasms may occur in this location. Clinical features include ATAXIA, cranial neuropathies (see CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES), NAUSEA, hemiparesis (see HEMIPLEGIA), and quadriparesis. Primary brain stem neoplasms are more frequent in children. Histologic subtypes include GLIOMA; HEMANGIOBLASTOMA; GANGLIOGLIOMA; and EPENDYMOMA.	5.33	2	2
Invasiveness, Neoplasm [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Adenocarcinoma Of Kidney [description not available]	4.74	2	1
Cancer of Kidney [description not available]	4.74	2	1
Metastase [description not available]	10.02	3	1
Carcinoma, Renal Cell A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.	4.74	2	1
Kidney Neoplasms Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.	4.74	2	1
Neoplasm Metastasis The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.	5.02	3	1
Carcinoma, Non-Small Cell Lung [description not available]	6.83	5	3
Cognition Disorders Disorders characterized by disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.	12.36	18	17
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.	6.83	5	3
Breast Cancer [description not available]	12.35	19	16
Breast Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.	12.35	19	16
Recrudescence [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Diffuse Mixed Small and Large Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.	3.43	1	1
B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia [description not available]	3.43	1	1
Chromosome Deletion Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.	3.43	1	1
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.	3.43	1	1
Disease Exacerbation [description not available]	12.92	22	20
Atherogenesis [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Atherosclerosis A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.	2.05	1	0
African Lymphoma [description not available]	2.05	1	0
Brill-Symmers Disease [description not available]	2.44	2	0
Burkitt Lymphoma A form of undifferentiated malignant LYMPHOMA usually found in central Africa, but also reported in other parts of the world. It is commonly manifested as a large osteolytic lesion in the jaw or as an abdominal mass. B-cell antigens are expressed on the immature cells that make up the tumor in virtually all cases of Burkitt lymphoma. The Epstein-Barr virus (HERPESVIRUS 4, HUMAN) has been isolated from Burkitt lymphoma cases in Africa and it is implicated as the causative agent in these cases; however, most non-African cases are EBV-negative.	2.05	1	0
Lymphoma, Follicular Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. The nodules resemble to some extent the GERMINAL CENTER of lymph node follicles and most likely represent neoplastic proliferation of lymph node-derived follicular center B-LYMPHOCYTES.	2.44	2	0
Carcinoma, Epidermoid [description not available]	4.88	4	2
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)	4.88	4	2
Local Neoplasm Recurrence [description not available]	3.45	1	1
Cholangiocellular Carcinoma [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Bile Duct Cancer [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Bile Duct Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the BILE DUCTS.	2.07	1	0
Cholangiocarcinoma A malignant tumor arising from the epithelium of the BILE DUCTS.	2.07	1	0
Adenocarcinoma, Basal Cell [description not available]	4.11	3	1
Carcinoma, Anaplastic [description not available]	2.07	1	0
Cancer of Pancreas [description not available]	3.84	2	1
Adenocarcinoma A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.	4.11	3	1
Carcinoma A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm and not a synonym for cancer.	2.07	1	0
Pancreatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).	3.84	2	1
Blood Pressure, High [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Lymphocytopenia [description not available]	4.39	1	1
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	4.39	1	1
Lymphopenia Reduction in the number of lymphocytes.	4.39	1	1
Experimental Mammary Neoplasms [description not available]	2.91	4	0
Sensitivity and Specificity Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)	4.09	3	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	2.01	1	0
Cancer of Prostate [description not available]	2.71	3	0
Prostatic Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.	2.71	3	0
Age-Related Memory Disorders [description not available]	11.27	16	16
Memory Disorders Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	11.27	16	16
Animal Mammary Carcinoma [description not available]	2.7	3	0
Kahler Disease [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Multiple Myeloma A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.	7.02	1	0
B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	7.43	2	0
Lymphoma, B-Cell A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.	2.43	2	0
Hematologic Malignancies [description not available]	7.94	1	0
Hematologic Neoplasms Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.	2.94	1	0
Biliary Tract Cancer [description not available]	3.41	1	1
Biliary Tract Neoplasms Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.	3.41	1	1
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma [description not available]	2.02	1	0
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. The pattern is predominantly diffuse. Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation.	2.02	1	0
Carcinoma, Oat Cell [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Malignant Melanoma [description not available]	3.33	2	0
Acute Onset Vascular Dementia [description not available]	2.94	1	0
Melanoma A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)	3.33	2	0
Dementia, Vascular An imprecise term referring to dementia associated with CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS, including CEREBRAL INFARCTION (single or multiple), and conditions associated with chronic BRAIN ISCHEMIA. Diffuse, cortical, and subcortical subtypes have been described. (From Gerontol Geriatr 1998 Feb;31(1):36-44)	2.94	1	0
Carcinoma, Small Cell An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)	2.94	1	0
Germinoblastoma [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Lymphoma A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.	2.03	1	0
Cancer of Skin [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Skin Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the SKIN.	2.03	1	0
Arteriosclerosis Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.	4.02	5	0
Brain Inflammation [description not available]	2.03	1	0
Encephalitis Inflammation of the BRAIN due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see ENCEPHALITIS, VIRAL) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition.	2.03	1	0
Experimental Neoplasms [description not available]	4.41	8	0
EHS Tumor [description not available]	2.39	2	0
Dermatitis Medicamentosa [description not available]	4.3	1	1
Cancer of Ovary [description not available]	2	1	0
Ovarian Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.	2	1	0
Choroid Neovascularization [description not available]	3.32	2	0
Neovascularization, Optic Disc [description not available]	2	1	0
Retinal Neovascularization Formation of new blood vessels originating from the retinal veins and extending along the inner (vitreal) surface of the retina.	2	1	0
Age-Related Macular Degeneration [description not available]	3.79	2	0
Macular Degeneration Degenerative changes in the RETINA usually of older adults which results in a loss of vision in the center of the visual field (the MACULA LUTEA) because of damage to the retina. It occurs in dry and wet forms.	3.79	2	0
Carcinoma, Intraepithelial [description not available]	2	1	0
Cancer of Mouth [description not available]	2	1	0
Carcinoma in Situ A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane.	2	1	0
Mouth Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the MOUTH.	2	1	0
Extravascular Hemolysis [description not available]	2	1	0
Hemolysis The destruction of ERYTHROCYTES by many different causal agents such as antibodies, bacteria, chemicals, temperature, and changes in tonicity.	2	1	0
Graft Occlusion, Vascular Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.	2	1	0
Hyperplasia An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.	2	1	0
Kidney Diseases Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.	3.39	1	1
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	2.41	2	0
Sarcoma, Epithelioid [description not available]	2	1	0
Sarcoma A connective tissue neoplasm formed by proliferation of mesodermal cells; it is usually highly malignant.	2	1	0
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Kaposi Sarcoma [description not available]	3.37	1	1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.	3.37	1	1
Sarcoma, Kaposi A multicentric, malignant neoplastic vascular proliferation characterized by the development of bluish-red cutaneous nodules, usually on the lower extremities, most often on the toes or feet, and slowly increasing in size and number and spreading to more proximal areas. The tumors have endothelium-lined channels and vascular spaces admixed with variably sized aggregates of spindle-shaped cells, and often remain confined to the skin and subcutaneous tissue, but widespread visceral involvement may occur. Kaposi's sarcoma occurs spontaneously in Jewish and Italian males in Europe and the United States. An aggressive variant in young children is endemic in some areas of Africa. A third form occurs in about 0.04% of kidney transplant patients. There is also a high incidence in AIDS patients. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, pp2105-7) HHV-8 is the suspected cause.	3.37	1	1
Arteriosclerosis, Coronary [description not available]	2	1	0
Coronary Artery Disease Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.	2	1	0
Cancer of the Uterus [description not available]	2.92	1	0
Uterine Neoplasms Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.	2.92	1	0

motexafin gadolinium

Cross-References

Synonyms (10)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (116)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (37)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

Anti-lymphoma Efficacy

Maximum Tolerated Dose of MGd (Phase I)

Median Overall Survival (Phase II)

Progression-free Survival (Phase II)

One Year Event-free Survival (EFS)

Overall Survival (OS)

The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.

motexafin gadolinium

Cross-References

Synonyms (10)

Research Excerpts

Pharmacokinetics

Compound-Compound Interactions

Dosage Studied

Research

Studies (116)

Study Types

Clinical Trials (37)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLT)

Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD)

Anti-lymphoma Efficacy

Maximum Tolerated Dose of MGd (Phase I)

Median Overall Survival (Phase II)

Progression-free Survival (Phase II)

One Year Event-free Survival (EFS)

Overall Survival (OS)

The Number of Patients Who Experience at Least One Grade 3 or Higher CTC Version 4 Toxicity.

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Related Conditions (117)