calcium propionate profile

Calcium propionate is a white, crystalline salt with the formula Ca(C3H5O2)2. It is a food additive used as a mold inhibitor and preservative, particularly in baked goods. It is synthesized by reacting propionic acid with calcium hydroxide. Calcium propionate is generally considered safe for human consumption. Its primary effect is to inhibit the growth of mold and bacteria, thus extending the shelf life of food products. Research on calcium propionate often focuses on its effectiveness as a food preservative, its safety, and potential environmental impacts. It is a commonly studied compound due to its wide use in the food industry.'

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	19999
CHEMBL ID	3186661
SCHEMBL ID	52363
MeSH ID	M0094456

Synonym
bioban-c
caswell no. 151
calcium propanoate
calcium propionate
propionic acid, calcium salt
hsdb 907
einecs 223-795-8
propanoic acid, calcium salt
epa pesticide chemical code 077701
calcium dipropanoate
4075-81-4
P0503
propionic acid calcium salt
NCGC00259981-01
cas-4075-81-4
tox21_202432
dtxcid607556
dtxsid1027556 ,
unii-8ai80040kw
ec 223-795-8
propanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1)
calcium propionate [nf]
8ai80040kw ,
FT-0623409
AKOS015903218
calcium propionate [fcc]
ins-282
calcium propionate (e 282)
ins no.282
e-282
calcium propionate [mi]
calcium propionate [inci]
ca-propionate
calcium propionate [hsdb]
calcium propionate [mart.]
calcium propionate [who-dd]
SCHEMBL52363
BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CHEMBL3186661
Q417394
calcium;propanoate
AMY37013
calcium propionate;bioban-c; calcium dipropionate
propanoate (calcium)
calcium propinate
propionic acid calcium 1000 microg/ml in acetonitrile:water
calciumpropionate

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Calcium propionate has been widely used as a preservative in bakery and in bread. "	( Fast and simple method for semiquantitative determination of calcium propionate in bread samples. Phechkrajang, CM; Yooyong, S, 2017)	2.14

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Each calcium propionate treatment tube supplied 37 g of calcium."	( Field trials of an oral calcium propionate paste as an aid to prevent milk fever in periparturient dairy cows. Borelli, C; Goff, JP; Horst, RL; Jardon, PW; Wedam, J, 1996)	1.06

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
" Dosing with 349 g calcium propionate in molasses increased plasma total calcium (Catot) concentration by 10% in lactating and non-lactating cows for periods less than 7 h, and this was not augmented by simultaneous administration of MgO or treatment 24 h earlier with 349 g calcium propionate in molasses."	( Effects of oral dosing with calcium propionate on total calcium and glucose concentrations in the plasma of the cow. Daniel, RC; Jonsson, NN; Mayer, D; Verrall, R, 1998)	0.92
" amstelodami within the recommended dosage range for application in bakery products."	( Antifungal properties of fermentates and their potential to replace sorbate and propionate in pound cake. Devlieghere, F; Eeckhout, M; Samapundo, S; Vroman, A, 2016)	0.43

Occurs in Manufacturing (207 Items)

Item	Process	Frequency
Plant-based foods	core-ingredient	1,139
Plant-based foods and beverages	core-ingredient	1,138
Cereals and potatoes	core-ingredient	1,132
Breads	core-ingredient	1,118
Special breads	core-ingredient	169
Meals	core-ingredient	132
Pizzas	core-ingredient	123
Pizzas pies and quiches	core-ingredient	122
White breads	core-ingredient	121
Wheat breads	core-ingredient	74
Mexican Dinner Mixes	core-ingredient	70
Snacks	core-ingredient	63
Frozen foods	core-ingredient	53
Sweet snacks	core-ingredient	51
Cheeses	core-ingredient	50
Fermented milk products	core-ingredient	50
Fermented foods	core-ingredient	50
Dairies	core-ingredient	50
Bagel breads	core-ingredient	49
Flatbreads	core-ingredient	49
Sliced breads	core-ingredient	44
Hamburger buns	core-ingredient	43
Biscuits and cakes	core-ingredient	43
Sandwiches	core-ingredient	41
Hot dog buns	core-ingredient	33
Pitas	core-ingredient	29
Aliments d'origine végétale	core-ingredient	24
Aliments et boissons à base de végétaux	core-ingredient	24
Céréales et pommes de terre	core-ingredient	23
Pains	core-ingredient	21
Pastries	core-ingredient	20
Cereals and their products	core-ingredient	19
Cakes	core-ingredient	19
Pie dough	core-ingredient	17
Wheat flatbreads	core-ingredient	16
Groceries	core-ingredient	13
English muffins	core-ingredient	12
Condiments	core-ingredient	12
Pains spéciaux	core-ingredient	11
Wraps	core-ingredient	11
Cooking helpers	core-ingredient	9
Stuffing	core-ingredient	9
Sauces	core-ingredient	9
Meats and their products	core-ingredient	9
Wholemeal breads	core-ingredient	9
Appetizers	core-ingredient	8
Salty snacks	core-ingredient	8
Meats	core-ingredient	8
Viennoiseries	core-ingredient	8
Dips	core-ingredient	6
Pains Bagel	core-ingredient	6
Pastry helpers	core-ingredient	5
Pains plats	core-ingredient	5
Croissants	core-ingredient	5
Sweet pastries and pies	core-ingredient	5
Frozen meats	core-ingredient	5
Filled croissants	core-ingredient	5
Whole wheat bread	core-ingredient	4
Bread	core-ingredient	4
Garlic breads	core-ingredient	4
Tortilla	core-ingredient	4
Pies	core-ingredient	3
Sweet pies	core-ingredient	3
Tortillas de blé	core-ingredient	3
Pains de blé	core-ingredient	3
Pains blancs	core-ingredient	3
Rye breads	core-ingredient	3
Naans	core-ingredient	3
Wholemeal sliced breads	core-ingredient	3
Corn chips	core-ingredient	3
Crisps	core-ingredient	3
Chips and fries	core-ingredient	3
en:breads	core-ingredient	3
Buns	core-ingredient	3
Apple pies	core-ingredient	2
Canned foods	core-ingredient	2
Seafood	core-ingredient	2
Frozen breads	core-ingredient	2
Pains Burger	core-ingredient	2
Sausages	core-ingredient	2
Prepared meats	core-ingredient	2
Meal kits	core-ingredient	2
Garlic baguettes	core-ingredient	2
Pains Pita	core-ingredient	2
Bran sliced breads	core-ingredient	2
Pains de mie	core-ingredient	2
Sausage rolls	core-ingredient	2
Stuffed olives	core-ingredient	2
Olives	core-ingredient	2
Plant-based pickles	core-ingredient	2
Olive tree products	core-ingredient	2
Pickles	core-ingredient	2
Multigrain sliced breads	core-ingredient	2
tortillas	core-ingredient	2
Vegetarian wraps	core-ingredient	2
Gluten-free breads	core-ingredient	2
Sourdough bread	core-ingredient	2
Croissant filled with cream	core-ingredient	2
Whole wheat	core-ingredient	1
Pizza Crust	core-ingredient	1
Cake mixes	core-ingredient	1
Dessert mixes	core-ingredient	1
Baking Mixes	core-ingredient	1
Sandwich loaf	core-ingredient	1
Frozen seafood	core-ingredient	1
White Pitta	core-ingredient	1
en:hot-dog-buns	core-ingredient	1
Doughnuts	core-ingredient	1
Empanizador	core-ingredient	1
Bread crumbs	core-ingredient	1
Cheddar cheese	core-ingredient	1
Cheeses from England	core-ingredient	1
Cheeses from the United Kingdom	core-ingredient	1
Cow cheeses	core-ingredient	1
Margherita Pizza	core-ingredient	1
Vegetarian pizzas	core-ingredient	1
Cinnamon Raisin English Muffins	core-ingredient	1
Smoked sausages	core-ingredient	1
en:Tortillas	core-ingredient	1
Cheddar baguettes	core-ingredient	1
Farines	core-ingredient	1
Pains à l'ail	core-ingredient	1
Amuse-gueules	core-ingredient	1
salés	core-ingredient	1
No synthetic colours	core-ingredient	1
No artificial flavours	core-ingredient	1
Low salt	core-ingredient	1
Bread white from wheat flour of the highest grade GOST 26987-86	core-ingredient	1
210	core-ingredient	1
Muffins anglais au blé entier	core-ingredient	1
Whole grain English muffins	core-ingredient	1
en:special-breads	core-ingredient	1
Whole-wheat English muffins	core-ingredient	1
Salted snacks	core-ingredient	1
Canned meats	core-ingredient	1
Kaiser buns	core-ingredient	1
Mexican-dinner-mixes	core-ingredient	1
Dutch apple pies	core-ingredient	1
Pepperoni pizzas	core-ingredient	1
pan	core-ingredient	1
Fats	core-ingredient	1
Salad dressings	core-ingredient	1
Teff Wraps	core-ingredient	1
Gluten-free-wraps	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate cakes	core-ingredient	1
Flat beans	core-ingredient	1
Vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	1
Legumes	core-ingredient	1
Fruits and vegetables based foods	core-ingredient	1
Legumes and their products	core-ingredient	1
Corned-beef	core-ingredient	1
Beef dishes	core-ingredient	1
Meals with meat	core-ingredient	1
White pita bread	core-ingredient	1
Whole Wheat Naan	core-ingredient	1
Pumpkin pies	core-ingredient	1
sliced bread	core-ingredient	1
Biscuits	core-ingredient	1
Cinnamon sticks	core-ingredient	1
Cinnamon	core-ingredient	1
Spices	core-ingredient	1
en:flatbreads	core-ingredient	1
Flour tortillas	core-ingredient	1
Pains de seigle et de blé	core-ingredient	1
Miffins	core-ingredient	1
Blueberry muffins	core-ingredient	1
Fruit muffins	core-ingredient	1
Muffins	core-ingredient	1
Pizza sauces	core-ingredient	1
Multigrain Bread	core-ingredient	1
Multi-Seed Breed	core-ingredient	1
Frozen desserts	core-ingredient	1
Desserts	core-ingredient	1
Wraps/Tortillas	core-ingredient	1
Bagel	core-ingredient	1
Bagels	core-ingredient	1
Tandoori Baked Naan bread	core-ingredient	1
Pastas	core-ingredient	1
Wraps with beef	core-ingredient	1
Beef wrap	core-ingredient	1
Baguettes	core-ingredient	1
Pains Hot Dog	core-ingredient	1
Omelettes espagnoles sans oeuf	core-ingredient	1
Omelettes de pommes de terre	core-ingredient	1
Plats préparés	core-ingredient	1
en:muffins	core-ingredient	1
en:wheat-flatbreads	core-ingredient	1
en:white-breads	core-ingredient	1
Whole Wheat breads	core-ingredient	1
Fish sandwiches	core-ingredient	1
Enriched white breads	core-ingredient	1
Products without gluten	core-ingredient	1
Products for specific diets	core-ingredient	1
Specific products	core-ingredient	1
Naan bread	core-ingredient	1
Chicken wraps	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate croissant prepacked	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate croissant	core-ingredient	1
Wholemeal-wraps	core-ingredient	1
Baguette made with type T55-T110 flour	core-ingredient	1
Cream puff	core-ingredient	1
Chocolate sandwich cookies	core-ingredient	1
Biscuit	core-ingredient	1
Breads with corn	core-ingredient	1
Wheats	core-ingredient	1
Cereal grains	core-ingredient	1
Seeds	core-ingredient	1

Class	Description
dicarboxylic acid	Any carboxylic acid containing two carboxy groups.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein	Taxonomy	Measurement	Average (µ)	Min (ref.)	Avg (ref.)	Max (ref.)	Bioassay(s)
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	58.8120	0.0030	41.6115	22,387.1992	AID1159552; AID1159555
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	61.3793	0.0015	30.6073	15,848.9004	AID1224841
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	0.1958	0.0002	29.3054	16,493.5996	AID743075
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens (human)	Potency	1.3741	0.0016	28.0151	77.1139	AID1259385
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 2	Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat)	Potency	30.7625	0.0003	23.4451	159.6830	AID743066
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	2 (3.13)	18.7374
1990's	8 (12.50)	18.2507
2000's	20 (31.25)	29.6817
2010's	28 (43.75)	24.3611
2020's	6 (9.38)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	11 (16.42%)	5.53%
Reviews	0 (0.00%)	6.00%
Case Studies	0 (0.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	56 (83.58%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials	Classes	Roles
acetic acid Acetic Acid: Product of the oxidation of ethanol and of the destructive distillation of wood. It is used locally, occasionally internally, as a counterirritant and also as a reagent. (Stedman, 26th ed). acetic acid : A simple monocarboxylic acid containing two carbons.	3.11	5	0	monocarboxylic acid	antimicrobial food preservative; Daphnia magna metabolite; food acidity regulator; protic solvent
beta-alanine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; beta-amino acid	agonist; fundamental metabolite; human metabolite; inhibitor; neurotransmitter
benzoic acid Benzoic Acid: A fungistatic compound that is widely used as a food preservative. It is conjugated to GLYCINE in the liver and excreted as hippuric acid.. benzoic acid : A compound comprising a benzene ring core carrying a carboxylic acid substituent.. aromatic carboxylic acid : Any carboxylic acid in which the carboxy group is directly bonded to an aromatic ring.	2.1	1	0	benzoic acids	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
formic acid formic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd. formic acid : The simplest carboxylic acid, containing a single carbon. Occurs naturally in various sources including the venom of bee and ant stings, and is a useful organic synthetic reagent. Principally used as a preservative and antibacterial agent in livestock feed. Induces severe metabolic acidosis and ocular injury in human subjects.	3.01	4	0	monocarboxylic acid	antibacterial agent; astringent; metabolite; protic solvent; solvent
citric acid, anhydrous Citric Acid: A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.. citric acid : A tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2. It is an important metabolite in the pathway of all aerobic organisms.	2.1	1	0	tricarboxylic acid	antimicrobial agent; chelator; food acidity regulator; fundamental metabolite
chlorine chloride : A halide anion formed when chlorine picks up an electron to form an an anion.	2.05	1	0	halide anion; monoatomic chlorine	cofactor; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite
3-hydroxybutyric acid 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid: BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver.. 3-hydroxybutyric acid : A straight-chain 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid comprising a butyric acid core with a single hydroxy substituent in the 3- position; a ketone body whose levels are raised during ketosis, used as an energy source by the brain during fasting in humans. Also used to synthesise biodegradable plastics.	4.09	3	1	(omega-1)-hydroxy fatty acid; 3-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid; hydroxybutyric acid	human metabolite
lactic acid Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed). 2-hydroxypropanoic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is propanoic acid in which one of the alpha-hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.41	2	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	algal metabolite; Daphnia magna metabolite
glycine [no description available]	2.11	1	0	alpha-amino acid; amino acid zwitterion; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid	EC 2.1.2.1 (glycine hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor; fundamental metabolite; hepatoprotective agent; micronutrient; neurotransmitter; NMDA receptor agonist; nutraceutical
glycerol Moon: The natural satellite of the planet Earth. It includes the lunar cycles or phases, the lunar month, lunar landscapes, geography, and soil.	2	1	0	alditol; triol	algal metabolite; detergent; Escherichia coli metabolite; geroprotector; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; osmolyte; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite; solvent
phosphoric acid phosphoric acid: concise etchant is 37% H3PO4. phosphoric acid : A phosphorus oxoacid that consists of one oxo and three hydroxy groups joined covalently to a central phosphorus atom.	2.47	2	0	phosphoric acids	algal metabolite; fertilizer; human metabolite; NMR chemical shift reference compound; solvent
propylene glycol Propylene Glycol: A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.. propane-1,2-diol : The simplest member of the class of propane-1,2-diols, consisting of propane in which a hydrogen at position 1 and a hydrogen at position 2 are substituted by hydroxy groups. A colourless, viscous, hygroscopic, low-melting (-59degreeC) and high-boiling (188degreeC) liquid with low toxicity, it is used as a solvent, emulsifying agent, and antifreeze.	2.42	2	0	glycol; propane-1,2-diols	allergen; human xenobiotic metabolite; mouse metabolite; protic solvent
propionic acid propionic acid : A short-chain saturated fatty acid comprising ethane attached to the carbon of a carboxy group.	11.83	24	3	saturated fatty acid; short-chain fatty acid	antifungal drug
pimagedine pimagedine: diamine oxidase & nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; an advanced glycosylation end product inhibitor; used in the treatment of diabetic complications; structure. aminoguanidine : A one-carbon compound whose unique structure renders it capable of acting as a derivative of hydrazine, guanidine or formamide.	1.98	1	0	guanidines; one-carbon compound	EC 1.14.13.39 (nitric oxide synthase) inhibitor; EC 1.4.3.4 (monoamine oxidase) inhibitor
3-phenyllactic acid 3-phenyllactic acid: alpha-hydroxy analog of phenylalanine; RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. 3-phenyllactic acid : A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is lactic acid in which one of the methyl hydrogens is substituted by a phenyl group.	2.21	1	0	2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid	human metabolite
potassium chloride Potassium Chloride: A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.. potassium chloride : A metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion.	3.86	2	1	inorganic chloride; inorganic potassium salt; potassium salt	fertilizer
serine Serine: A non-essential amino acid occurring in natural form as the L-isomer. It is synthesized from GLYCINE or THREONINE. It is involved in the biosynthesis of PURINES; PYRIMIDINES; and other amino acids.. serine : An alpha-amino acid that is alanine substituted at position 3 by a hydroxy group.	2.13	1	0	L-alpha-amino acid; proteinogenic amino acid; serine family amino acid; serine zwitterion; serine	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
edetic acid Edetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.	2.45	2	0	ethylenediamine derivative; polyamino carboxylic acid; tetracarboxylic acid	anticoagulant; antidote; chelator; copper chelator; geroprotector
leucine Leucine: An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.. leucine : A branched-chain amino acid that consists of glycine in which one of the hydrogens attached to the alpha-carbon is substituted by an isobutyl group.	2.11	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; L-alpha-amino acid; leucine; proteinogenic amino acid; pyruvate family amino acid	algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
pentane Pentanes: Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.. pentane : A straight chain alkane consisting of 5 carbon atoms.	2.04	1	0	alkane; volatile organic compound	non-polar solvent; refrigerant
calcium lactate [no description available]	2.41	2	0
monolaurin monolaurin: RN given refers to cpd with unspecified monolaurin locant. 1-monolauroylglycerol : A 1-monoglyceride with dodecanoyl (lauroyl) as the acyl group.. rac-1-monolauroylglycerol : A rac-1-monoacylglycerol comprising equal amounts of 1-lauroyl-sn-glycerol and 3-lauroyl-sn-glycerol	2.05	1	0	1-monoglyceride; dodecanoate ester; rac-1-monoacylglycerol
fructosamine Fructosamine: An amino sugar formed when glucose non-enzymatically reacts with the N-terminal amino group of proteins. The fructose moiety is derived from glucose by the classical Amadori rearrangement.	1.98	1	0
chromium Chromium: A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.. chromium ion : An chromium atom having a net electric charge.. chromium atom : A chromium group element atom that has atomic number 24.	2.04	1	0	chromium group element atom; metal allergen	micronutrient
magnesium sulfate Magnesium Sulfate: A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083). magnesium sulfate : A magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion.	3.86	2	1	magnesium salt; metal sulfate; organic magnesium salt	anaesthetic; analgesic; anti-arrhythmia drug; anticonvulsant; calcium channel blocker; cardiovascular drug; fertilizer; tocolytic agent
chlorine Chlorine: An element with atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 35, and member of the halogen family.	1.96	1	0	diatomic chlorine; gas molecular entity	bleaching agent
phenyl acetate phenyl acetate: The ester formed between phenol and acetic acid. Don't confuse with phenylacetic acid derivatives listed under PHENYLACETATES.. phenyl acetate : An acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.	1.97	1	0	benzenes; phenyl acetates
1,3-pentadiene 1,3-pentadiene: a linear 5-carbon alkene; RN given refers to cpd with unspecified isomeric designation. (E)-1,3-pentadiene : An alkadiene consisting of pentane with the two double bonds located at positions 1 and 3.	2.04	1	0	alkadiene
dehydroacetic acid [no description available]	2.05	1	0	ketone; pyran-2,4-dione	antibacterial agent; fungicide; plasticiser
proline Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.. proline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.	2.13	1	0	amino acid zwitterion; glutamine family amino acid; L-alpha-amino acid; proline; proteinogenic amino acid	algal metabolite; compatible osmolytes; Escherichia coli metabolite; micronutrient; mouse metabolite; nutraceutical; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
aflatoxin b1 Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.. aflatoxin B1 : An aflatoxin having a tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.73	3	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone	carcinogenic agent; human metabolite
chlorite [no description available]	7.05	1	0	chlorine oxoanion; monovalent inorganic anion
betadex beta-Cyclodextrins: Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.	1.98	1	0	cyclodextrin
sodium benzoate Sodium Benzoate: The sodium salt of BENZOIC ACID. It is used as an antifungal preservative in pharmaceutical preparations and foods. It may also be used as a test for liver function.. sodium benzoate : An organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the carboxy group of benzoic acid by a sodium ion.	2.71	3	0	organic sodium salt	algal metabolite; antimicrobial food preservative; drug allergen; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor; human xenobiotic metabolite; plant metabolite
sorbic acid Sorbic Acid: Mold and yeast inhibitor. Used as a fungistatic agent for foods, especially cheeses.. (2E,4E)-hexa-2,4-dienoic acid : A sorbic acid having trans-double bonds at positions 2 and 4; a food preservative that can induce cutaneous vasodilation and stinging upon topical application to humans. It is the most thermodynamically stable of the four possible geometric isomers possible, as well as the one with the highest antimicrobial activity.. sorbic acid : A hexadienoic acid with double bonds at C-2 and C-4; it has four geometrical isomers, of which the trans,trans-form is naturally occurring.	3.41	7	0	alpha,beta-unsaturated monocarboxylic acid; sorbic acid
sodium propionate sodium propionate: was term of propionic acid (1986-2006). sodium propionate : An organic sodium salt comprising equal numbers of sodium and propionate ions.	2.52	2	0	organic sodium salt	antifungal drug; food preservative
aflatoxin b aflatoxin B2: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation. aflatoxin B2 : An aflatoxin having a hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]chromene skeleton with oxygen functionality at positions 1, 4 and 11.	2.05	1	0	aflatoxin
aflatoxin g2 [no description available]	2.05	1	0	coumarins
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	2.01	1	0	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
aflatoxin g1 aflatoxin G1: RN given refers to (7aR-cis)-isomer & is from 9th CI Form Index	2.05	1	0
aflatoxin m1 Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).. aflatoxin M1 : A member of the class of aflatoxins that is aflatoxin B1 in which the hydrogen at position 9a is replaced by a hydroxy group.	2.03	1	0	aflatoxin; aromatic ether; aromatic ketone; tertiary alcohol	Aspergillus metabolite; human xenobiotic metabolite; mammalian metabolite
chitosan [no description available]	7.15	1	0
sodium lactate Sodium Lactate: The sodium salt of racemic or inactive lactic acid. It is a hygroscopic agent used intravenously as a systemic and urinary alkalizer.. sodium lactate : An organic sodium salt having lactate as the counterion.	2.05	1	0	lactate salt; organic sodium salt	food acidity regulator; food preservative
mannans [no description available]	2.06	1	0
ascorbic acid Ascorbic Acid: A six carbon compound related to glucose. It is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables. Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone. Its biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.. L-ascorbic acid : The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid and conjugate acid of L-ascorbate.. L-ascorbate : The L-enantiomer of ascorbate and conjugate base of L-ascorbic acid, arising from selective deprotonation of the 3-hydroxy group. Required for a range of essential metabolic reactions in all animals and plants.. vitamin C : Any member of a group of vitamers that belong to the chemical structural class called butenolides that exhibit biological activity against vitamin C deficiency in animals. The vitamers include L-ascorbic acid and its salt, ionized and oxidized forms.	2.15	1	0	ascorbic acid; vitamin C	coenzyme; cofactor; flour treatment agent; food antioxidant; food colour retention agent; geroprotector; plant metabolite; skin lightening agent
enramycin enramycin: isolated from cultures of Streptomyces fungicidicus	2.25	1	0
agar Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.. agar : A complex mixture of polysaccharides extracted from species of red algae. Its two main components are agarose and agaropectin. Agarose is the component responsible for the high-strength gelling properties of agar, while agaropectin provides the viscous properties.	2.48	2	0

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies	Trials
Weight Gain Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.	3.64	1	1
Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.	4.7	6	1
Aggression Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.	2.5	2	0
Bovine Diseases [description not available]	5.23	4	3
Dystocia Slow or difficult OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH.	3.84	2	1
Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.	5.83	8	3
Dehydration The condition that results from excessive loss of water from a living organism.	2.05	1	0
Child Behavior Disorders Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.	3.39	1	1
Allergy, Food [description not available]	3.39	1	1
Food Hypersensitivity Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.	3.39	1	1
Placenta, Retained A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.	2.01	1	0
Endomyometritis Inflammation of both the ENDOMETRIUM and the MYOMETRIUM, usually caused by infections after a CESAREAN SECTION.	2.01	1	0
Complications, Labor [description not available]	2.01	1	0
Milk Fever, Animal [description not available]	4.64	3	2
Aging The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.	2.4	2	0
Endometritis Inflammation of the ENDOMETRIUM, usually caused by intrauterine infections. Endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.	2.01	1	0
Poultry Diseases Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.	1.96	1	0
Salmonella Infections, Animal Infections in animals with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.	1.96	1	0

calcium propionate

Cross-References

Synonyms (47)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (207 Items)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Research

Studies (64)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 74.55

Study Types

calcium propionate

Cross-References

Synonyms (47)

Research Excerpts

Effects

Treatment

Dosage Studied

Occurs in Manufacturing (207 Items)

Drug Classes (1)

Protein Targets (5)

Potency Measurements

Research

Studies (64)

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 74.55

Study Types

Related Drugs (47)

Related Conditions (18)