desomorphine

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

Description

desomorphine: an informal term for a cheap injectable illicit drug domestically prepared from codeine-containing medication in Russia [Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), National Library of Medicine, extracted Dec-2023]

Cross-References

ID Source	ID
PubMed CID	5362456
CHEMBL ID	2106274
CHEBI ID	135119
SCHEMBL ID	24969
MeSH ID	M000607853

Synonyms (38)

Synonym
desomorphine
dea no. 9055
einecs 207-045-7
desomorphinum [inn-latin]
desomorfina [inn-spanish]
morphinan-3-ol, 4,5-alpha-epoxy-17-methyl-
desomorphine [inn:ban:dcf]
permonid
dihydrodeoxymorphine or 4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-n-methylmorphinan
desomorfin [czech]
dihydrodesoxymorphine d
DB01531
deoxydihydromorphine d
dihydrodeoxymorphine
6-deoxy-7,8-dihydromorphine
4,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-n-methylmorphinan
CHEBI:135119
krokodil [street name]
crocodile [street name]
7op86j5e33 ,
krokodil
427-00-9
unii-7op86j5e33
hsdb 8070
desomorphinum
desomorfina
desomorphine [mi]
desomorphine [inn]
ids-nd-002(sect.3)
ids-nd-002
CHEMBL2106274
SCHEMBL24969
DTXSID10195390
desomorphine (dihydrodesoxymorphine; krokodil) 1.0 mg/ml in acetonitrile
Q422163
(4r,4ar,7as,12bs)-3-methyl-2,4,4a,5,6,7,7a,13-octahydro-1h-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-9-ol
(1s,5r,13s,17r)-4-methyl-12-oxa-4-azapentacyclo[9.6.1.0?,??.0?,??.0?,??]octadeca-7,9,11(18)-trien-10-ol
desomorphine, 1mg/ml in acetonitrile

Research Excerpts

Overview

Desomorphine ("Krokodil") is a semi-synthetic opioid that has drawn attention as a recreational drug, particularly in Russia, neighboring former Soviet Republics, Eastern and Central Europe. Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile"

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
"Desomorphine ("Krokodil") is a semi-synthetic opioid that has drawn attention as a recreational drug, particularly in Russia, neighboring former Soviet Republics, Eastern and Central Europe. "	( Desomorphine Screening Using Commercial Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays. Kerrigan, S; Winborn, J, 2017)	3.34
"Desomorphine is a primary component of the drug Krokodil. "	( Analysis of Desomorphine in Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Kerrigan, S; Winborn, J, 2019)	2.34
"Desomorphine is an opioid misused as "crocodile", a cheaper alternative to heroin. "	( Metabolic fate of desomorphine elucidated using rat urine, pooled human liver preparations, and human hepatocyte cultures as well as its detectability using standard urine screening approaches. Kaminski, YR; Maurer, HH; Meyer, MR; Noor, F; Richter, LH, 2016)	2.21

Toxicity

Excerpt	Reference	Relevance
" These effects are thought to result from the toxic components produced as byproducts during the homemade drug synthesis."	( The harmful chemistry behind krokodil (desomorphine) synthesis and mechanisms of toxicity. Afonso, CM; Alves, EA; Carvalho, F; Dinis-Oliveira, RJ; Grund, JP; Netto, AD, 2015)	0.69

[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

Class	Description
morphinane alkaloid	An isoquinoline alkaloid based on a morphinan skeleton and its substituted derivatives.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Research

Studies (29)

Timeframe	Studies, This Drug (%)	All Drugs %
pre-1990	0 (0.00)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	0 (0.00)	29.6817
2010's	25 (86.21)	24.3611
2020's	4 (13.79)	2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 62.56

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be very strong demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

Metric	This Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index	62.56 (24.57)
Research Supply Index	3.50 (2.92)
Research Growth Index	4.53 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index	103.05 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index	2.00 (0.95)

This Compound (62.56)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication Type	This drug (%)	All Drugs (%)
Trials	0 (0.00%)	5.53%
Reviews	5 (15.63%)	6.00%
Case Studies	8 (25.00%)	4.05%
Observational	0 (0.00%)	0.25%
Other	19 (59.38%)	84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Substance	Relationship Strength	Studies	Classes	Roles
methamphetamine Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.. methamphetamine : A member of the class of amphetamines in which the amino group of (S)-amphetamine carries a methyl substituent.	4.13	2	amphetamines; secondary amine	central nervous system stimulant; environmental contaminant; neurotoxin; psychotropic drug; xenobiotic
codeine [no description available]	7.27	29	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound	antitussive; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; opioid analgesic; opioid receptor agonist; prodrug; xenobiotic
oxycodone Oxycodone: A semisynthetic derivative of CODEINE.. oxycodone : A semisynthetic opioid of formula C18H21NO4 that is derived from thebaine. It is a moderately potent opioid analgesic, generally used for relief of moderate to severe pain.	2.15	1	organic heteropentacyclic compound; semisynthetic derivative	antitussive; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic
morphine Meconium: The thick green-to-black mucilaginous material found in the intestines of a full-term fetus. It consists of secretions of the INTESTINAL GLANDS; BILE PIGMENTS; FATTY ACIDS; AMNIOTIC FLUID; and intrauterine debris. It constitutes the first stools passed by a newborn.	2.15	1	morphinane alkaloid; organic heteropentacyclic compound; tertiary amino compound	anaesthetic; drug allergen; environmental contaminant; geroprotector; mu-opioid receptor agonist; opioid analgesic; plant metabolite; vasodilator agent; xenobiotic
phosphorus Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.	8.21	1	monoatomic phosphorus; nonmetal atom; pnictogen	macronutrient
morphinans Morphinans: Compounds based on a partially saturated iminoethanophenanthrene, which can be described as ethylimino-bridged benzo-decahydronaphthalenes. They include some of the OPIOIDS found in PAPAVER that are used as ANALGESICS.	2.15	1	isoquinoline alkaloid fundamental parent; morphinane alkaloid

Condition	Relationship Strength	Studies
Aseptic Necrosis of Bone [description not available]	5.06	8
Osteonecrosis Death of a bone or part of a bone, either atraumatic or posttraumatic.	10.06	8
Leg Ulcer Ulceration of the skin and underlying structures of the lower extremity. About 90% of the cases are due to venous insufficiency (VARICOSE ULCER), 5% to arterial disease, and the remaining 5% to other causes.	3.1	4
Necrosis The death of cells in an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of the blood supply.	4.35	6
Drug Abuse, Intravenous [description not available]	4.14	5
Dermatoses [description not available]	2.15	1
Skin Diseases Diseases involving the DERMIS or EPIDERMIS.	2.15	1
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic Obstructive [description not available]	2.17	1
Death, Sudden The abrupt cessation of all vital bodily functions, manifested by the permanent loss of total cerebral, respiratory, and cardiovascular functions.	2.17	1
Infective Endocarditis [description not available]	2.17	1
Cardiac Failure [description not available]	2.17	1
Carditis [description not available]	2.17	1
Addiction, Opioid [description not available]	4.3	6
Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic A form of CARDIAC MUSCLE disease, characterized by left and/or right ventricular hypertrophy (HYPERTROPHY, LEFT VENTRICULAR; HYPERTROPHY, RIGHT VENTRICULAR), frequent asymmetrical involvement of the HEART SEPTUM, and normal or reduced left ventricular volume. Risk factors include HYPERTENSION; AORTIC STENOSIS; and gene MUTATION; (FAMILIAL HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY).	2.17	1
Endocarditis Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart (ENDOCARDIUM), the continuous membrane lining the four chambers and HEART VALVES. It is often caused by microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and rickettsiae. Left untreated, endocarditis can damage heart valves and become life-threatening.	2.17	1
Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.	2.17	1
Myocarditis Inflammatory processes of the muscular walls of the heart (MYOCARDIUM) which result in injury to the cardiac muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC). Manifestations range from subclinical to sudden death (DEATH, SUDDEN). Myocarditis in association with cardiac dysfunction is classified as inflammatory CARDIOMYOPATHY usually caused by INFECTION, autoimmune diseases, or responses to toxic substances. Myocarditis is also a common cause of DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY and other cardiomyopathies.	2.17	1
Opioid-Related Disorders Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or misuse of OPIOIDS.	4.3	6
Skin Ulcer An ULCER of the skin and underlying tissues.	2.17	1
Bisphosphonate Osteonecrosis [description not available]	3.46	2
Recrudescence [description not available]	2.1	1
Cutaneous Fistula An abnormal passage or communication leading from an internal organ to the surface of the body.	2.1	1
Maxillary Diseases Diseases involving the MAXILLA.	2.52	2
Oral Fistula An abnormal passage within the mouth communicating between two or more anatomical structures.	2.1	1
Mandibular Diseases Diseases involving the MANDIBLE.	2.52	2
Encephalopathy, Toxic [description not available]	3.03	1
Amputation, Traumatic Loss of a limb or other bodily appendage by accidental injury.	3.03	1
Gangrene Death and putrefaction of tissue usually due to a loss of blood supply.	3.03	1
Phlegmon [description not available]	2.11	1
Periostitis Inflammation of the periosteum. The condition is generally chronic, and is marked by tenderness and swelling of the bone and an aching pain. Acute periostitis is due to infection, is characterized by diffuse suppuration, severe pain, and constitutional symptoms, and usually results in necrosis. (Dorland, 27th ed)	2.11	1
Cellulitis An acute, diffuse, and suppurative inflammation of loose connective tissue, particularly the deep subcutaneous tissues, and sometimes muscle, which is most commonly seen as a result of infection of a wound, ulcer, or other skin lesions.	2.11	1
Osteomyelitis INFLAMMATION of the bone as a result of infection. It may be caused by a variety of infectious agents, especially pyogenic (PUS - producing) BACTERIA.	3.43	2
HIV Coinfection [description not available]	2.13	1
HIV Infections Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).	2.13	1
Amphetamine Abuse [description not available]	3.9	2
Morphine Abuse [description not available]	3.9	2
Morphine Dependence Strong dependence, both physiological and emotional, upon morphine.	3.9	2
Amphetamine-Related Disorders Disorders related or resulting from use of amphetamines.	3.9	2
Infection [description not available]	3.06	1
Infections Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms or their toxins or by parasites that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.	3.06	1

chemdatabank.com