regulation of gastric motility
Definition
Target type: biologicalprocess
Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of gastric motility. [GO_REF:0000058, GOC:als, GOC:TermGenie, PMID:9924029]
Gastric motility, the coordinated contractions and relaxations of the stomach muscles that propel food through the digestive tract, is a complex process regulated by a delicate interplay of neural, hormonal, and mechanical factors. The neural control involves both the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. The vagus nerve, a branch of the parasympathetic nervous system, stimulates gastric motility through the release of acetylcholine, promoting muscle contractions and increasing the rate of gastric emptying. Conversely, the sympathetic nervous system, through the release of norepinephrine, inhibits gastric motility, slowing down the rate of gastric emptying. The enteric nervous system, a complex network of neurons within the gut wall, plays a crucial role in integrating and coordinating local reflexes involved in gastric motility. Hormones also play a significant role in regulating gastric motility. Gastrin, secreted by the stomach lining, stimulates gastric muscle contractions and acid secretion. Cholecystokinin (CCK), released from the small intestine in response to fat, inhibits gastric emptying. Motilin, another hormone released from the small intestine, stimulates gastric contractions during the interdigestive period, contributing to the "migrating motor complex" that sweeps food debris through the digestive tract. Finally, mechanical factors like the distension of the stomach wall by food intake also contribute to regulating gastric motility. Sensory receptors in the stomach wall detect the distension and send signals to the brain, triggering a coordinated response that increases gastric motility and promotes gastric emptying.'
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Proteins (2)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 | A growth hormone secretagogue receptor that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q92847] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Thymidine phosphorylase | A thymidine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P19971] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (38)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| thymidine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| floxuridine | floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| idoxuridine | organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor | |
| bromodeoxyuridine | Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| trifluridine | trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557) | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
| deoxyuridine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| substance p | peptide | neurokinin-1 receptor agonist; neurotransmitter; vasodilator agent | |
| captopril | captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 6-aminothymine | 6-aminothymine: inhibits degradation of nucleosides (idoxuridine, thymidine) & pyrimidine bases | ||
| 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| 5-(2-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| edoxudin | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | ||
| 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone | 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone: structure in first source | ||
| 6-amino-5-bromouracil | |||
| 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | ||
| 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine: structure given in first source | ||
| 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine | 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine: inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation | ||
| l 692429 | L 692429: stimulates release of growth hormone; RN refers to (R)-isomer; structure given in first source | ||
| 5-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| l 163191 | |||
| cp 424391 | CP 424391: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source | ||
| 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine: structure in first source | ||
| ma-1 | tipiracil : A member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer. tipiracil: inhibits thymidine phosphorylase | carboxamidine; organochlorine compound; pyrimidone; pyrrolidines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| 5-(1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-(1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine: has anti-herpes activity; structure in first source | ||
| hexarelin | hexarelin: a synthetic growth hormone releasing peptide; structurally similar to GHRP-6, with the substitution of D-Trp with its 2-methyl derivative; more potent & stable and less toxic than GHRP-6 | ||
| sm 130686 | SM 130686: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source | ||
| macimorelin | |||
| tabimorelin | tabimorelin: a growth hormone secretagogue; structure in first source | ||
| l 162752 | |||
| 5-chloro-6-(1-(2-iminopyrrolidinyl) methyl)uracil hydrochloride | tipiracil hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining tipiracil with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer. | hydrochloride; iminium salt | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| sk&f 110679 | |||
| ulimorelin | ulimorelin: ghrelin agonist; an 18-membered macrocycle containing 3 amide bonds and a secondary amine as well as 4 stereogenic centers; belongs to macrocyclic peptidomimetics | oligopeptide | |
| sesone | 7-deazaxanthine: structure in first source | ||
| n-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-((4-(((3s)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl)phenyl)acetyl)-4-piperidinamine | N-(3-fluorophenyl)-1-((4-(((3S)-3-methyl-1-piperazinyl)methyl)phenyl)acetyl)-4-piperidinamine: a small molecule motilin receptor agonist; structure in first source | acetamides | |
| yil 781 | YIL 781: an appetite suppressant and weight loss promoter; structure in first source | ||
| nitd 609 | NITD 609: an antimalarial and coccidiostat; structure in first source | ||
| gsk 2334470 | GSK 2334470: a PDK1 inhibitor; structure in first source | indazoles | |
| 5'-o-tritylinosine | 5'-O-tritylinosine: structure in first source |