Page last updated: 2024-10-24
metalloaminopeptidase activity
Definition
Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the hydrolysis of a single N-terminal amino acid residue from a polypeptide chain by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions. [https://www.ebi.ac.uk/merops/about/glossary.shtml#AMINOPEPTIDASE]
Metalloaminopeptidase activity refers to the enzymatic hydrolysis of peptide bonds at the N-terminal end of a polypeptide chain, with the assistance of a metal ion cofactor. This activity is crucial for a diverse array of cellular processes, including:
1. Protein processing and maturation: Metalloaminopeptidases play a critical role in removing N-terminal residues from newly synthesized proteins, often acting as the first step in protein maturation and activation.
2. Peptide degradation and turnover: These enzymes participate in the breakdown of peptides into smaller fragments, contributing to protein turnover and the recycling of amino acids.
3. Signal transduction and regulation: Metalloaminopeptidases can cleave signal peptides, influencing protein trafficking and localization, and modulating signal transduction pathways.
4. Immune response: Certain metalloaminopeptidases are involved in the processing and presentation of antigens to immune cells, playing a role in immune recognition and response.
5. Cellular defense: Some metalloaminopeptidases are involved in the degradation of toxins and foreign peptides, contributing to cellular defense mechanisms.
The catalytic mechanism of metalloaminopeptidases involves the coordination of a metal ion, typically zinc or manganese, within the active site. This metal ion facilitates the nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the peptide bond, leading to its hydrolysis. The specificity of metalloaminopeptidases is determined by the amino acid sequence surrounding the cleavage site, as well as the conformation of the substrate.
The diversity of metalloaminopeptidases reflects their wide range of functions and their involvement in a multitude of cellular processes. They play a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, regulating protein turnover, and mediating signal transduction pathways.'
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Proteins (20)
| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Methionine aminopeptidase | A methionine aminopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P0AE18] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| Cytosol aminopeptidase | [no definition available] | Bos taurus (cattle) |
| Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 | An endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NZ08] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aminopeptidase B | An aminopeptidase B that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9H4A4] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase | A puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P55786] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Methionine aminopeptidase 1 | A methionine aminopeptidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P53582] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Aminopeptidase N | An aminopeptidase N that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P15144] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase | A leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9UIQ6] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 | An endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q6P179] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-17 | A matrix metalloproteinase-17 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9ULZ9] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 | An Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 1 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q9NQW7] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Glutamyl aminopeptidase | A glutamyl aminopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:Q07075] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-16 | A matrix metalloproteinase-16 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51512] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-15 | A matrix metalloproteinase-15 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P51511] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Methionine aminopeptidase 2 | A methionine aminopeptidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50579] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Matrix metalloproteinase-14 | A matrix metalloproteinase-14 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P50281] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Cytosol aminopeptidase | A cytosol aminopeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P28838] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Xaa-Pro dipeptidase | An Xaa-Pro dipeptidase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P12955] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Leukotriene A-4 hydrolase | A leukotriene A-4 hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P09960] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 | An Xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:O43895] | Homo sapiens (human) |
Compounds (114)
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,2'-dipyridyl | 2,2'-bipyridine : A bipyridine in which the two pyridine moieties are linked by a bond between positions C-2 and C-2'. 2,2'-Dipyridyl: A reagent used for the determination of iron. | bipyridine | chelator; ferroptosis inhibitor |
| oxyquinoline | Oxyquinoline: An antiseptic with mild fungistatic, bacteriostatic, anthelmintic, and amebicidal action. It is also used as a reagent and metal chelator, as a carrier for radio-indium for diagnostic purposes, and its halogenated derivatives are used in addition as topical anti-infective agents and oral antiamebics. quinolin-8-ol : A monohydroxyquinoline that is quinoline substituted by a hydroxy group at position 8. Its fungicidal properties are used for the control of grey mould on vines and tomatoes. | monohydroxyquinoline | antibacterial agent; antifungal agrochemical; antiseptic drug; iron chelator |
| albendazole | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | anthelminthic drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator | |
| cloxyquin | cloxyquin: has antitubercular activity; structure in first source | organochlorine compound; quinolines | |
| ebselen | ebselen : A benzoselenazole that is 1,2-benzoselenazol-3-one carrying an additional phenyl substituent at position 2. Acts as a mimic of glutathione peroxidase. | benzoselenazole | anti-inflammatory drug; antibacterial agent; anticoronaviral agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; EC 1.3.1.8 [acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (NADP(+))] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.12 (trypanothione-disulfide reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.5.1.7 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 1-carboxyvinyltransferase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.1 (receptor protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.1.3.25 (inositol-phosphate phosphatase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.22.69 (SARS coronavirus main proteinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.4.1 (cytosine deaminase) inhibitor; EC 5.1.3.2 (UDP-glucose 4-epimerase) inhibitor; enzyme mimic; ferroptosis inhibitor; genotoxin; hepatoprotective agent; neuroprotective agent; radical scavenger |
| fenbendazole | fenbendazole : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 1H-benzimidazole which is substituted at positons 2 and 5 by (methoxycarbonyl)amino and phenylsulfanediyl groups, respectively. A broad-spectrum anthelmintic, it is used, particularly in veterinary medicine, for the treatment of nematodal infections. Fenbendazole: Antinematodal benzimidazole used in veterinary medicine. | aryl sulfide; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug |
| 4-(dimethylamino)-n-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide | 4-(dimethylamino)-N-(7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl)benzamide: structure in first source 4-(dimethylamino)-N-[7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl]benzamide : A benzamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid with the amino group of 7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamide. It is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylases and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in several human cancer cell lines. | benzamides; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide; tertiary amino compound | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| mebendazole | mebendazole : A carbamate ester that is methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate substituted by a benzoyl group at position 5. Mebendazole: A benzimidazole that acts by interfering with CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM and inhibiting polymerization of MICROTUBULES. | aromatic ketone; benzimidazoles; carbamate ester | antinematodal drug; microtubule-destabilising agent; tubulin modulator |
| entinostat | benzamides; carbamate ester; primary amino compound; pyridines; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor | |
| nimesulide | nimesulide : An aromatic ether having phenyl and 2-methylsulfonamido-5-nitrophenyl as the two aryl groups. nimesulide: structure | aromatic ether; C-nitro compound; sulfonamide | cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug |
| scriptaid | scriptide: provokes translocation of GLUT4 to increase glucose uptake; structure in first source | isoquinolines | |
| vorinostat | vorinostat : A dicarboxylic acid diamide comprising suberic (octanedioic) acid coupled to aniline and hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor, it is marketed under the name Zolinza for the treatment of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). Vorinostat: A hydroxamic acid and anilide derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used in the treatment of CUTANEOUS T-CELL LYMPHOMA and SEZARY SYNDROME. | dicarboxylic acid diamide; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| thiabendazole | Tresaderm: dermatologic soln containing dexamethasone, thiabendazole & neomycin sulfate | 1,3-thiazoles; benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug |
| 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid | 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | ||
| dimoxyline | quinolines | ||
| phenyl ether | diphenyl ether : An aromatic ether in which the oxygen is attached to two phenyl substituents. It has been found in muscat grapes and vanilla. | aromatic ether | plant metabolite |
| isoamylamine | isoamylamine: RN given refers to parent cpd isopentylamine : A primary aliphatic amine that is butan-1-amine carrying a methyl substituent at position 3. | primary aliphatic amine | bacterial metabolite; plant metabolite |
| 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline | 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinoline: structure in first source | hydroxyquinoline | |
| 4-phenoxyphenol | phenoxyphenol | ||
| 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid | (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid substituted by an aminomethyl group. It is a metabolite of the herbicide glyphosate. 1-aminomethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to parent cpd | one-carbon compound; phosphonic acids | |
| 5-hydroxyindole | hydroxyindoles | human metabolite | |
| 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole | 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source | ||
| fuberidazole | fuberidazole : A ring assembly consisting of benzimidazole substituted at position 2 by a 2-furyl group. A fungicide used as a seed treatment to control Fusarium spp. in cereals. fuberidazole: fumigant; structure | benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; furans | antifungal agrochemical |
| nitroxoline | nitroxoline : A monohydroxyquinoline in which the hydroxy group is positioned at C-8 with a nitro group trans to it at C-5. nitroxoline: structure in Merck Index, 9th ed, #6475; RN given refers to parent cpd | C-nitro compound; monohydroxyquinoline | antifungal agent; antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; renal agent |
| n-butylboronic acid | |||
| carbendazim | carbendazim : A member of the class of benzimidazoles that is 2-aminobenzimidazole in which the primary amino group is substituted by a methoxycarbonyl group. A fungicide, carbendazim controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables. carbendazim: carcinogen when combined with sodium nitrite; principle metabolite of thiophanate methyl & benomyl; structure | benzimidazole fungicide; benzimidazoles; benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide; carbamate ester | antifungal agrochemical; antinematodal drug; metabolite; microtubule-destabilising agent |
| 2-aminotetralin | 2-aminotetralin: RN given refers to parent cpd without isomeric designation; structure | tetralins | |
| captopril | captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| zileuton | 1-benzothiophenes; ureas | anti-asthmatic drug; EC 1.13.11.34 (arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor; ferroptosis inhibitor; leukotriene antagonist; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug | |
| tiludronic acid | tiludronic acid: a bone resorption inhibitor; an antihypercalcemic agent; used in the tratment of Paget's disease; used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis; structure given in first source | organochlorine compound | |
| epigallocatechin gallate | (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate : A gallate ester obtained by the formal condensation of gallic acid with the (3R)-hydroxy group of (-)-epigallocatechin. epigallocatechin gallate: a steroid 5alpha-reductase inhibitor and antimutagen in green tea (Camellia sinensis) | flavans; gallate ester; polyphenol | antineoplastic agent; antioxidant; apoptosis inducer; geroprotector; Hsp90 inhibitor; neuroprotective agent; plant metabolite |
| 5-fluoroindole | fluoroindole | ||
| beta-tetralone | |||
| zoledronic acid | zoledronic acid : An imidazole compound having a 2,2-bis(phosphono)-2-hydroxyethane-1-yl substituent at the 1-position. Zoledronic Acid: An imidobisphosphonate inhibitor of BONE RESORPTION that is used for the treatment of malignancy-related HYPERCALCEMIA; OSTEITIS DEFORMANS; and OSTEOPOROSIS. | 1,1-bis(phosphonic acid); imidazoles | bone density conservation agent |
| 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole | 2-(2'-pyridyl)benzimidazole: structure in first source | ||
| ubenimex | ubenimex: growth inhibitor | ||
| 5-chloroindole | 5-chloroindole: a positive allosteric modulator of the 5-HT3 receptor | ||
| 1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid | 1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid: structure given in first source | phosphonoacetic acid | |
| 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid | 1-amino-2-phenylethylphosphonic acid: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation: structure given in first source | ||
| 5-benzyloxytryptophan | |||
| 1-amino-1-phenylmethyl phosphonic acid | 1-amino-1-phenylmethyl phosphonic acid : A member of the class of phosphonic acids that is phosphonic acid having a amino(phenyl)methyl group attached to the phosphorus. | benzenes; phosphonic acids; primary amino compound | |
| tesmilifene | diarylmethane | ||
| marimastat | marimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the foraml condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the alpha-amino group of N,3-dimethyl-L-valinamide. marimastat: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor active in patients with advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, prostate, or ovary | hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| angiotensin ii, des-asp(1)-des-arg(2)-ile(5)- | angiotensin II, des-Asp(1)-des-Arg(2)-Ile(5)-: 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of angiotensin II; smallest potent angiotensin II antagonist | organic molecular entity | |
| kelatorphan | kelatorphan: inhibitor of enkephalin metabolism; structure given in first source | ||
| 4-amino-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phthalimide | 4-amino-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)phthalimide: a potent anticonvulsant against maximal electroshock-induced seizures; structure given in first source | ||
| glutamate thiol | glutamate thiol: structure given in first source; RN given refers to (S)-isomer | ||
| bis(2-(n-phenylcarboxamido)phenyl)diselenide | bis(2-(N-phenylcarboxamido)phenyl)diselenide: selenoorganic cpd which has mitogenic activity in human peripheral leukocytes | ||
| ilomastat | CS 610: matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor; structure in first source ilomastat : An N-acyl-amino acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2R)-2-[2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-4-methylpentanoic acid with the amino group of N-methyl-L-tryptophanamide. A cell permeable broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-tryptophan derivative; N-acyl-amino acid | anti-inflammatory agent; antibacterial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; neuroprotective agent |
| alanine-4-nitroanilide | alanine-4-nitroanilide: substrate for aminopeptidase M | ||
| 8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline | 8-(4-benzenesulfonylamino)quinoline: has diabetogenic properties; structure given in first source | ||
| pyrrolidino-benzylphenoxyethanamine | |||
| jtp 4819 | JTP 4819: a prolyl endopeptidase inhibitor; structure given in first source | ||
| dihydroresveratrol | dihydroresveratrol : A stilbenol that is 1,1'-ethane-1,2-diyldibenzene with hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3 and 4'. dihydroresveratrol: structure in first source | stilbenol | plant metabolite; xenobiotic metabolite |
| 4-(2-Amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenol | phenols | ||
| o-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol | O-(chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol : A carbamate ester that is fumagillol in which the hydroxy group has been converted to the corresponding N-(chloroacetyl)carbamate derivative. O-(Chloroacetylcarbamoyl)fumagillol: Semisynthetic analog of fumagillin (a cyclohexane-sesquiterpene antibiotic isolated from ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS) that inhibits angiogenesis. | carbamate ester; organochlorine compound; semisynthetic derivative; sesquiterpenoid; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; EC 1.5.1.3 (dihydrofolate reductase) inhibitor; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor; retinoic acid receptor alpha antagonist |
| amastatin | amastatin : A tetrapeptide comprising (2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexanoyl, L-valyl, L-valyl and L-aspartic acid units joined in sequence amastatin: structure; inhibits aminopeptidase | tetrapeptide | EC 3.4.11.* (aminopeptidase) inhibitor; protease inhibitor |
| puromycin | puromycins | antiinfective agent; antimicrobial agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.11.14 (cytosol alanyl aminopeptidase) inhibitor; EC 3.4.14.2 (dipeptidyl-peptidase II) inhibitor; nucleoside antibiotic; protein synthesis inhibitor | |
| actinonin | actinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure | ||
| trichostatin a | trichostatin A: chelates zinc ion in the active site of histone deacetylases, resulting in preventing histone unpacking so DNA is less available for transcription; do not confuse with TRICHOSANTHIN which is a protein; found in STREPTOMYCES | antibiotic antifungal agent; hydroxamic acid; trichostatin | bacterial metabolite; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; geroprotector |
| resveratrol | trans-resveratrol : A resveratrol in which the double bond has E configuration. | resveratrol | antioxidant; phytoalexin; plant metabolite; quorum sensing inhibitor; radical scavenger |
| leucine phosphonic acid | leucine phosphonic acid: a leucine aminopeptidase antagonist; structure given in first source | ||
| cgs 27023a | CGS 27023A: a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| apstatin | apstatin: inhibits aminopeptidase P; structure given in first source | ||
| prinomastat | prinomastat : A hydroxamic acid that is (3S)-N-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylthiomorpholine-3-carboxamide in which the hydrogen attached to the thiomorpholine nitrogen has been replaced by a [4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)phenyl]sulfonyl group. It is a selective inhibitor with of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2, 3, 9, 13, and 14. prinomastat: a diazepine-based hydroxamic acid inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor; angiogenesis inhibitor; | aromatic ether; hydroxamic acid; pyridines; sulfonamide; thiomorpholines | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.4.24.35 (gelatinase B) inhibitor; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| 4,5-dimethylaminobenzylidene-2-thiobarbituric acid | |||
| curcumin | curcumin : A beta-diketone that is methane in which two of the hydrogens are substituted by feruloyl groups. A natural dyestuff found in the root of Curcuma longa. Curcumin: A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes. | aromatic ether; beta-diketone; diarylheptanoid; enone; polyphenol | anti-inflammatory agent; antifungal agent; antineoplastic agent; biological pigment; contraceptive drug; dye; EC 1.1.1.205 (IMP dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.21 (aldehyde reductase) inhibitor; EC 1.1.1.25 (shikimate dehydrogenase) inhibitor; EC 1.6.5.2 [NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone)] inhibitor; EC 1.8.1.9 (thioredoxin reductase) inhibitor; EC 2.7.10.2 (non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase) inhibitor; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; flavouring agent; food colouring; geroprotector; hepatoprotective agent; immunomodulator; iron chelator; ligand; lipoxygenase inhibitor; metabolite; neuroprotective agent; nutraceutical; radical scavenger |
| pyridine-2-carboxylic acid thiazol-2-ylamide | pyridine-2-carboxylic acid thiazol-2-ylamide: structure in first source | ||
| 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-5-amino-1h-isoindole-1,3-dione | 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-5-amino-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione: an antineoplastic agent; structure in first source | ||
| rs-130830 | RS-130830: orally-active broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | ||
| sitagliptin | sitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity. | triazolopyrazine; trifluorobenzene | EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor; environmental contaminant; hypoglycemic agent; serine proteinase inhibitor; xenobiotic |
| thiorphan | |||
| leukotriene a4 | leukotriene A4 : A leukotriene that is the (5S,6S)-epoxy derivative of (7E,9E,11Z,14Z)-icosa-7,9,11,14-tetraenoic acid. Leukotriene A4: (2S-(2 alpha,3 beta(1E,3E,5Z,8Z)))-3-(1,3,5,8-Tetradecatetraenyl)oxiranebutanoic acid. An unstable allylic epoxide, formed from the immediate precursor 5-HPETE via the stereospecific removal of a proton at C-10 and dehydration. Its biological actions are determined primarily by its metabolites, i.e., LEUKOTRIENE B4 and cysteinyl-leukotrienes. Alternatively, leukotriene A4 is converted into LEUKOTRIENE C4 by glutathione-S-transferase or into 5,6-di-HETE by the epoxide-hydrolase. (From Dictionary of Prostaglandins and Related Compounds, 1990) | epoxy fatty acid; leukotriene; long-chain fatty acid; oxylipin; polyunsaturated fatty acid | human metabolite; mouse metabolite; plant metabolite |
| shogaol | shogaol: from ginger, ZINGIBER OFFICINALE; less mutagenic than GINGEROL; structure given in first source | enone; monomethoxybenzene; phenols | |
| tmi-1 | |||
| batimastat | batimastat : A secondary carboxamide resulting from the formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2S,3R)-5-methyl-3-{[(2S)-1-(methylamino)-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]carbamoyl}-2-[(thiophen-2-ylsulfanyl)methyl]hexanoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. It a broad-spectrum matrix metalloprotease inhibitor. batimastat: structure given in first source; a synthetic matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor | hydroxamic acid; L-phenylalanine derivative; organic sulfide; secondary carboxamide; thiophenes; triamide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antineoplastic agent; matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor |
| tubacin | tubacin: inhibits histone deacetylase 6; structure in first source | 1,3-oxazoles | |
| ik 682 | IK 682: inhibits TNF-alpha converting enzyme; structure in first source | hydroxamic acid; pyrrolidin-2-ones; quinolines | |
| fumagillin | antibiotic antifungal drug; carboxylic ester; dicarboxylic acid monoester; meroterpenoid; organooxygen heterocyclic antibiotic; spiro-epoxide | angiogenesis inhibitor; antibacterial drug; antimicrobial agent; antiprotozoal drug; fungal metabolite; methionine aminopeptidase 2 inhibitor | |
| belinostat | hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; sulfonamide | antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor | |
| ppi 2458 | PPI 2458: a methionine aminopeptidase-2 inhibitor with antirheumatic activity; structure in first source | ||
| panobinostat | panobinostat : A hydroxamic acid obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of (2E)-3-[4-({[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]amino}methyl)phenyl]prop-2-enoic acid with the amino group of hydroxylamine. A histone deacetylase inhibitor used (as its lactate salt) in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Panobinostat: An indole and hydroxamic acid derivative that acts as a HISTONE DEACETYLASE inhibitor. It is used as an antineoplastic agent in combination with BORTEZOMIB and DEXAMETHASONE for the treatment of MULTIPLE MYELOMA. | cinnamamides; hydroxamic acid; methylindole; secondary amino compound | angiogenesis modulating agent; antineoplastic agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| epigallocatechin-3-o-(3''-o-methyl)-gallate | catechin | ||
| givinostat | carbamate ester | ||
| sc 57461 | SC 57461: a leukotriene A4 hydrolase inhibitor; structure given in first source | ||
| sc 57461 | |||
| ro 32-3555 | Ro 32-3555: structure given in first source | ||
| ala-thr-trp-leu-pro-pro-arg | |||
| mocetinostat | mocetinostat : A benzamide obtained by formal condensation of the carboxy group of 4-({[4-(pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}methyl)benzoic acid with one of the amino groups of benzene-1,2-diamine. It is an orally active and isotype-selective HDAC inhibitor which exhibits antitumour activity (IC50 = 0.15, 0.29, 1.66 and 0.59 muM for HDAC1, HDAC2, HDAC3 and HDAC11). mocetinostat: undergoing phase II clinical trials for treatment of cancer | aminopyrimidine; benzamides; pyridines; secondary amino compound; secondary carboxamide; substituted aniline | antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; autophagy inducer; cardioprotective agent; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor; hepatotoxic agent |
| sb 3ct compound | SB 3CT compound: a matrix metalloproteinase-2 inhibitor; structure in first source | aromatic ether | |
| pd 166793 | |||
| sc 78080 | |||
| ro 31-9790 | Ro 31-9790: hydroxamic acid derivative | ||
| arp-100 | |||
| kb r8301 | |||
| 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonic acid | 1-amino-3-phenylpropylphosphonic acid: inhibits L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity of higher plants | ||
| N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide | N(2)-([biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl)-N-hydroxy-N(2)-isopropoxy-D-valinamide : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxy-D-valinamide in which the alpha-amino group has been substituted by isopropoxy and [biphenyl]-4-ylsulfonyl groups. A selective matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) inhibitor, it is one of the most potent inducers of autophagy. Its physiological roles include angiogenesis, cancer metastasis, embryogenesis, tissue remodeling in development, and wound healing. | D-valine derivative; hydroxamic acid | antineoplastic agent; autophagy inducer; EC 3.4.24.24 (gelatinase A) inhibitor; melanin synthesis inhibitor |
| bms-566394 | BMS-566394: structure in first source | ||
| quisinostat | indoles | ||
| resminostat | resminostat: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| incb3619 | INCB3619: ADAM inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1h-isoindole-1,3-dione | 2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione: structure in first source | ||
| abexinostat | abexinostat: structure in first source | benzofurans | |
| ubenimex | peptide | ||
| tosedostat | carboxylic ester; hydroxamic acid; secondary carboxamide | ||
| valproate sodium | Epilim: oral sodium valproate used as antidepressive agent sodium valproate : The sodium salt of valproic acid. valproate : A branched-chain saturated fatty acid anion that is the conjugate base of valproic acid. | organic sodium salt | geroprotector |
| cudc 101 | 7-(4-(3-ethynylphenylamino)-7-methoxyquinazolin-6-yloxy)-N-hydroxyheptanamide: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source | ||
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-ethyl-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 6-(3,5-difluoroanilino)-9-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-2-purinecarbonitrile | 6-aminopurines | ||
| 9-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-6-(ethylamino)-2-purinecarbonitrile | imidazoles | ||
| grassystatin a | grassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source | ||
| pracinostat | pracinostat : A hydroxamic acid that is N-hydroxyacrylamide which is substituted at position 3 by a 2-butyl-1-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl group (the E isomer). An orally available pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor with demonstrated activity in the treatment of advanced solid tumours. | benzimidazole; hydroxamic acid; olefinic compound; tertiary amino compound | antimalarial; antineoplastic agent; apoptosis inducer; EC 3.5.1.98 (histone deacetylase) inhibitor |
| acy-1215 | ricolinostat: an HDAC6 inhibitor; structure in first source | pyrimidinecarboxylic acid | |
| rg2833 | RG2833: a histone deacetylase inhibitor; structure in first source |