Page last updated: 2024-10-24

cell proliferation in bone marrow

Definition

Target type: biologicalprocess

The multiplication or reproduction of cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population in the bone marrow. [GOC:mah, GOC:yaf, PMID:17063141]

Bone marrow is a spongy tissue found within the hollow centers of bones. It is the primary site of hematopoiesis, the process of blood cell formation. Cell proliferation in bone marrow is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves the following steps:

**1. Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSCs):**
- HSCs are pluripotent cells, meaning they have the potential to differentiate into all types of blood cells.
- They reside in specialized niches within the bone marrow, where they receive signals that regulate their self-renewal and differentiation.

**2. Commitment and Differentiation:**
- HSCs commit to specific lineages, such as erythroid (red blood cells), myeloid (white blood cells, platelets), or lymphoid (lymphocytes).
- This commitment is driven by specific growth factors and signaling pathways.
- Committed progenitor cells undergo a series of differentiation steps, becoming progressively more specialized.

**3. Cell Division and Proliferation:**
- Progenitor cells undergo rapid cell division and proliferation, expanding the pool of cells for each lineage.
- This process is tightly regulated by various growth factors, cytokines, and transcription factors.

**4. Maturation and Release:**
- Mature blood cells are released from the bone marrow into the bloodstream.
- This process involves changes in cell morphology, gene expression, and functional capabilities.

**5. Regulation:**
- Cell proliferation in bone marrow is carefully controlled by various mechanisms, including:
- **Growth factors and cytokines:** These molecules stimulate cell division and differentiation.
- **Transcription factors:** These proteins regulate gene expression, controlling the development of specific blood cell types.
- **Cell cycle checkpoints:** These mechanisms ensure that cells divide properly and avoid errors that could lead to cancer.
- **Microenvironment:** The bone marrow niche provides signals that support HSC self-renewal and differentiation.

**Overall, cell proliferation in bone marrow is an essential process for maintaining the body's blood supply. It involves a series of steps, including commitment, differentiation, cell division, maturation, and release. This process is tightly regulated by various factors, ensuring the production of healthy blood cells.**'
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Proteins (2)

ProteinDefinitionTaxonomy
Lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolaseA lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P38571]Homo sapiens (human)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme An angiotensin-converting enzyme that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:WCB, UniProtKB:P12821]Homo sapiens (human)

Compounds (98)

CompoundDefinitionClassesRoles
gallic acidgallate : A trihydroxybenzoate that is the conjugate base of gallic acid.trihydroxybenzoic acidantineoplastic agent;
antioxidant;
apoptosis inducer;
astringent;
cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitor;
EC 1.13.11.33 (arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
human xenobiotic metabolite;
plant metabolite
buspironebuspirone : An azaspiro compound that is 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane-7,9-dione substituted at the nitrogen atom by a 4-(piperazin-1-yl)butyl group which in turn is substituted by a pyrimidin-2-yl group at the N(4) position.

Buspirone: An anxiolytic agent and serotonin receptor agonist belonging to the azaspirodecanedione class of compounds. Its structure is unrelated to those of the BENZODIAZAPINES, but it has an efficacy comparable to DIAZEPAM.
azaspiro compound;
N-alkylpiperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organic heteropolycyclic compound;
piperidones;
pyrimidines
anxiolytic drug;
EC 3.4.21.26 (prolyl oligopeptidase) inhibitor;
sedative;
serotonergic agonist
thiorphanThiorphan: A potent inhibitor of membrane metalloendopeptidase (ENKEPHALINASE). Thiorphan potentiates morphine-induced ANALGESIA and attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms.N-acyl-amino acid
losartanlosartan : A biphenylyltetrazole where a 1,1'-biphenyl group is attached at the 5-position and has an additional trisubstituted imidazol-1-ylmethyl group at the 4'-position

Losartan: An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.
biphenylyltetrazole;
imidazoles
angiotensin receptor antagonist;
anti-arrhythmia drug;
antihypertensive agent;
endothelin receptor antagonist
edetic acidEdetic Acid: A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.ethylenediamine derivative;
polyamino carboxylic acid;
tetracarboxylic acid
anticoagulant;
antidote;
chelator;
copper chelator;
geroprotector
glycylglycinedipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
human metabolite
captoprilcaptopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug.

Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin.
alkanethiol;
L-proline derivative;
N-acylpyrrolidine;
pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
quinaprilquinapril : A member of the class of isoquinolines that is (3S)-2-L-alanyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid in which the alpha-amino group of the alanyl residue has been substituted by a 1-ethoxycarbonyl-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group (the all-S isomer). A prodrug for quinaprilat (by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester to the corresponding carboxylic acid), it is used as an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) used (generally as the hydrochloride salt) for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Quinapril: A tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative and ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME inhibitor that is used in the treatment of HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
fosinoprilatfosinoprilat : A phosphinic acid-containing N-acyl derivative of (4S)-cyclohexyl-L-proline. An inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), it is used as the phosphinate ester pro-drug fosinopril for treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure.

fosinoprilat: active phosphinic acid metabolite of prodrug fosenopril, which is activated by esterases in vivo; structure given in first source; binds zinc with phosphinic acid group
L-proline derivative;
phosphinic acids
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
telmisartantelmisartan : A member of the class of benzimidazoles used widely in the treatment of hypertension.

Telmisartan: A biphenyl compound and benzimidazole derivative that acts as an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist. It is used in the management of HYPERTENSION.
benzimidazoles;
biphenyls;
carboxybiphenyl
angiotensin receptor antagonist;
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
xenobiotic
rentiaprilrentiapril: RN given refers to cpd without isomeric designation
libenzaprillibenzapril: structure given in first sourcedipeptide
corilagincorilagin : An ellagitannin with a hexahydroxydiphenoyl group bridging over the 3-O and 6-O of the glucose core.

corilagin: isolated from Geranii herba
ellagitannin;
gallate ester
antihypertensive agent;
antioxidant;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
leucyl-alanineLeu-Ala : A dipeptide composed of L-leucine and L-alanine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptidemetabolite
alanylprolinealanylproline: RN given refers to all (L)-isomerdipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
moexiprilpeptide
glycyltryptophanGly-Trp : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-tryptophan residues.

glycyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
zofenoprilzofenopril : A proline derivative that is 4-(phenylsulfanyl)-L-proline in which the amine proton is replaced by a (2S)-3-(benzoylsulfanyl)-2-methylpropanoyl group. A prodrug for zofenoprilat.

zofenopril: structure given in first source; SQ 26900 refers to K salt & SQ 26991 to Ca salt
aryl sulfide;
L-proline derivative;
N-acyl-L-amino acid;
thioester
anticonvulsant;
apoptosis inhibitor;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug;
vasodilator agent
glycyltyrosineGly-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptidemetabolite
glycylleucineGly-Leu : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-leucine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
alanyltyrosineAla-Tyr : A dipeptide composed of L-alanine and L-tyrosine joined by a peptide linkage.

alanyltyrosine: tyrosine source; RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
glycyl-l-phenylalanineGly-Phe : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-phenylalanine residues.

glycylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (DL)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
human metabolite;
metabolite
alanylphenylalaninealanylphenylalanine: RN given refers to (L-Ala-L-PheAla)-isomerdipeptidemetabolite
tryptophylglycineTrp-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-tryptophan and glycine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
glycylaspartic acidglycylaspartic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomerdipeptidemetabolite
n-glycylglutamic acidGly-Glu : A dipeptide formed from glycyl and L-glutamic acid residues.

N-glycylglutamic acid: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
histidylglycineHis-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and glycine residues.

histidylglycine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
perindoprilperindopril : An alpha-amino acid ester that is the ethyl ester of N-{(2S)-1-[(2S,3aS,7aS)-2-carboxyoctahydro-1H-indol-1-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl}-L-norvaline

Perindopril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is used in patients with hypertension and heart failure.
alpha-amino acid ester;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
quinaprilatquinaprilat : A dicarboxylic acid resulting from the hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group of quinapril to give the corresponding dicarboxylic acid. The active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) of the prodrug quinapril.

quinaprilat: metabolite of quinapril
dicarboxylic acid;
isoquinolines;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
vasodilator agent
benzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-prolinebenzoylphenylalanyl-alanyl-proline: synthetic angiotensin converting enzyme substrate
way 100135WAY 100135: a selective antagonist at presynaptic & postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) receptors; structure given in first sourcepiperazines
sq 28603SQ 28603: a selective neutral endopeptidase inhibitor
glycylglutamineglycylglutamine: inhibitory neuropeptide derived from beta-endorphin; RN given refers to (L)-isomerdipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite;
protective agent
2-(4-morpholinyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one2-(4-morpholinyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: an aminochromone; exhibits both antiproliferative and antichemotactic activity in vitro
3-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxo-1-piperidineacetic acid
retrothiorphanretrothiorphan: RETRO-THIORPHAN was an EN to THIORPHAN 1989-93
a 58365aA 58365A: from Streptomyces chromofuscus; structure given in second source
prolineproline : An alpha-amino acid that is pyrrolidine bearing a carboxy substituent at position 2.

Proline: A non-essential amino acid that is synthesized from GLUTAMIC ACID. It is an essential component of COLLAGEN and is important for proper functioning of joints and tendons.
amino acid zwitterion;
glutamine family amino acid;
L-alpha-amino acid;
proline;
proteinogenic amino acid
algal metabolite;
compatible osmolytes;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
micronutrient;
mouse metabolite;
nutraceutical;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite
phenylalanylargininePhe-Arg : A dipeptide composed of L-phenylalanine and L-arginine joined by a peptide linkage.

phenylalanylarginine: RN given refers to all (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
aspartylglycineAsp-Gly : A dipeptide composed of L-aspartic acid and glycine joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptidemetabolite
compound 20
bb3497BB3497: peptide deformylase inhibitor; structure in first source
n-valyltryptophanN-valyltryptophan: RN given refers to (L)-isomerpeptide
histidylleucineHis-Leu : A dipeptide formed from L-histidine and L-leucine residues.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
ceronaprilceronapril: structure given in first source; RN given for (S)-isomerN-acyl-amino acid
succinylprolineN-acyl-amino acid
bradykininoligopeptidehuman blood serum metabolite;
vasodilator agent
actinoninactinonin: natural hydroxamic acid, pseudopeptide antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces species; structure
phosphoramidonphosphoramidon : A dipeptide isolated from the cultures of Streptomyces tanashiensis.

phosphoramidon: a membrane metallo-endopeptidase & endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor; thermolysin inhibitor from culture filtrate of Streptomyces tanashiensis; structure
deoxyaldohexose phosphate;
dipeptide
bacterial metabolite;
EC 3.4.24.11 (neprilysin) inhibitor;
EC 3.4.24.71 (endothelin-converting enzyme 1) inhibitor
mln 47602-(1-carboxy-2-(3-(3,5-dichlorobenzyl)-3H-imidazol-4-yl)ethylamino)-4-methylpentanoic acid: MLN-4760 is the (S,S)-isomer; an ACE2 inhibitor; structure in first source

MLN-4760 : A L-histidine derivative that is L-histidine in which a hydrogen of the primary amino group is substituted by a (1S)-1-carboxy-3-methylbutyl group and the ring NH group is substituted by a 3,5-dichlorobenzyl group. It is a potent and selective human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibitor (IC50 = 0.44 nM) which was in clinical development for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
dichlorobenzene;
L-histidine derivative;
L-leucine derivative
anti-inflammatory agent;
EC 3.4.17.23 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) inhibitor
bucillamineorganic molecular entity
omapatrilatomapatrilat: structure in first sourcedipeptide
n-glycylalanineGly-Ala : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-alanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
glycylvalineglycylvaline: RN given refers to (DL)-isomerdipeptidehuman metabolite
Geraniintannin
glycylprolineGly-Pro : A dipeptide consisting of L-proline having a glycyl residue attached to its alpha-amino group.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
spiraprilatSCH 33861: RN given refers to (8S-(7(R*(R*)),8R*))-isomer

spiraprilat : An azaspiro compound that is spirapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid group. It is the active metabolite of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor spirapril.
azaspiro compound;
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
dithioketal;
pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
dasatinibdasatinib (anhydrous) : An aminopyrimidine that is 2-methylpyrimidine which is substituted at position 4 by the primary amino group of 2-amino-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid and at position 6 by a 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl group, and in which the carboxylic acid group has been formally condensed with 2-chloro-6-methylaniline to afford the corresponding amide. A multi-targeted kinase inhibitor, it is used, particularly as the monohydrate, for the treatment of chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Note that the name 'dasatinib' is used to refer to the monohydrate (USAN) as well as to anhydrous dasatinib (INN).

N-(2-chloro-6-methylphenyl)-2-((6-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide: a dasatinib prodrug; structure in first source
1,3-thiazoles;
aminopyrimidine;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine;
N-arylpiperazine;
organochlorine compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary amino compound
anticoronaviral agent;
antineoplastic agent;
tyrosine kinase inhibitor
glycyllysineGly-Lys : A dipeptide formed from glycine and L-lysine residues.

glycyllysine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
sitagliptinsitagliptin : A triazolopyrazine that exhibits hypoglycemic activity.triazolopyrazine;
trifluorobenzene
EC 3.4.14.5 (dipeptidyl-peptidase IV) inhibitor;
environmental contaminant;
hypoglycemic agent;
serine proteinase inhibitor;
xenobiotic
thiorphan
norathyriolnorathyriol : A member of the class of xanthones that is 9H-xanthen-9-one substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1, 3, 6 and 7. Isolated from Garcinia mangostana and Maclura pomifera, it exhibits inhibitory activity against protein kinase C.

norathyriol: from Gentinanaceae; has vasorelaxing action on rat thoracic aorta; structure given in first source
polyphenol;
xanthones
antineoplastic agent;
EC 2.7.11.13 (protein kinase C) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
ellagic acidcatechols;
cyclic ketone;
lactone;
organic heterotetracyclic compound;
polyphenol
antioxidant;
EC 1.14.18.1 (tyrosinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.3.1.5 (arylamine N-acetyltransferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.4.1.1 (glycogen phosphorylase) inhibitor;
EC 2.5.1.18 (glutathione transferase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.127 (inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.1.151 (inositol-polyphosphate multikinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.4.6 (nucleoside-diphosphate kinase) inhibitor;
EC 2.7.7.7 (DNA-directed DNA polymerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.2 (DNA topoisomerase) inhibitor;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
food additive;
fungal metabolite;
geroprotector;
plant metabolite;
skin lightening agent
benzyloxycarbonyl-phe-ala-fluormethylketonecathepsin B inhibitor : A cysteine protease inhibitor which inhibits cathepsin B (EC 3.4.22.1).
lisinoprilLisinopril: One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.dipeptideEC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
benazeprilbenazepril : A benzazepine that is benazeprilat in which the carboxy group of the 2-amino-4-phenylbutanoic acid moiety has been converted to the corresponding ethyl ester. It is used (generally as its hydrochloride salt) as a prodrug for the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor benazeprilat in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure.

benazepril: structure given in first source
benzazepine;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
ethyl ester;
lactam
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
ramiprilquark : Quarks comprise one of two classes of the fundamental particles. Quarks possess fractional electric charges and are not observed in free state. The word "quark" first appears in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake and has been chosen by Murray Gell-Mann as a name for fundamental building blocks of particles.

ramipril : A dipeptide that is the prodrug for ramiprilat, the active metabolite obtained by hydrolysis of the ethyl ester group. An angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure.

Ramipril: A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.
azabicycloalkane;
cyclopentapyrrole;
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester
bradykinin receptor B2 agonist;
cardioprotective agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor;
prodrug
enalaprilenalapril : A dicarboxylic acid monoester that is ethyl 4-phenylbutanoate in which a hydrogen alpha to the carboxy group is substituted by the amino group of L-alanyl-L-proline (S-configuration).

Enalapril: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
geroprotector;
prodrug
enalaprilat anhydrousenalaprilat (anhydrous) : Enalapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding carboxylic acid. Enalaprilat is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is given by intravenous injection, usually as the dihydrate.

enalaprilat dihydrate : The dihydrate form of enalaprilat, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor that is used (often in the form of its prodrug, enalapril) in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, for reduction of proteinuria and renal disease in patients with nephropathies, and for the prevention of stroke, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death in high-risk patients. Unlike enalapril, enalaprilat is not absorbed by mouth but is administered by intravenous injection.

Enalaprilat: The active metabolite of ENALAPRIL and one of the potent, intravenously administered, ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS. It is an effective agent for the treatment of essential hypertension and has beneficial hemodynamic effects in heart failure. The drug produces renal vasodilation with an increase in sodium excretion.
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
imidaprilimidapril : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is (4S)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the imidazolidine nitrogen has been substituted by (1S)-1-{[(2S)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl]amino}ethyl group. It is the prodrug for imidaprilat, an ACE inhibitor used for the treatment of chronic heart failure.

imidapril: structure given in first source
dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
imidaprilatimidaprilat : A member of the class of imidazolidines that is imidapril in which the ethyl ester group has been hydrolysed to the corresponding acid group. It is the active metabolite of imidapril used to treat hypertension.

imidaprilat: structure given in first source; active metabolite of imidapril
dicarboxylic acid;
dipeptide;
imidazolidines;
N-acylurea;
secondary amino compound
antihypertensive agent;
drug metabolite;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor
1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone: from roots of Cudrania cochinchinensis
alanylalanineL-alanyl-L-alanine : A dipeptide consisting of two L-alanine units joined by a peptide linkage.dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
Mycoplasma genitalium metabolite
trandolapriltrandolapril : A heterobicylic compound that is (2S,3aR,7aS)-1-[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]octahydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid in which the hydrogen of the amino group is substituted by a (2R)-1-ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl group. It is a angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a prodrug used for the treatment of hypertension.dicarboxylic acid monoester;
dipeptide;
ethyl ester;
organic heterobicyclic compound;
secondary amino compound;
tertiary carboxamide
antihypertensive agent;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
prodrug
n(alpha)-phosphorylalanylprolineN(alpha)-phosphorylalanylproline: inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme; RN given refers to (L)-isomer
alpha-aspartylalaninealpha-aspartylalanine: found in pig brain

Asp-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-aspartyl and L-valine residues.
dipeptidemetabolite
alanyltyrosineTyr-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-tyrosine and L-alanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
uk 81,252sampatrilat: structure in first source
prolylglycineL-prolylglycine : A dipeptide consisting of glycine having an L-prolyl group attached to its alpha-amino nitrogen.

prolylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
glutamylalanineGlu-Ala : A dipeptide formed from L-alpha-glutamyl and L-alanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
glutaminyl-glycineGln-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-glutamine and glycine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
methionylglycineMet-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-methionine and glycine residues.

methionylglycine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptidemetabolite
phenylalanyl-valineVal-Phe : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-phenylalanine residues.dipeptidemetabolite
alanylglycinedipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
valyltyrosineVal-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-tyrosine residues.

valyltyrosine: from sardine muscle hydrolyzate
dipeptidemetabolite
lysylglycineLys-Gly : A dipeptide formed from L-lysine and glycine residues.

lysylglycine: structure in first source
dipeptidemetabolite
glycylhistidineGly-His : A dipeptide composed of glycine and L-histidine joined by a peptide linkage.

glycylhistidine: RN given refers to (L)-isomer
dipeptide;
dipeptide zwitterion
metabolite
isoleucyl-tyrosineIle-Tyr : A dipeptide formed from L-isoleucine and L-tyrosine residues.

isoleucyl-tyrosine: a dipeptide with antihypertensive effect
dipeptidemetabolite
fosinopril
rxp 407RXP 407: inhibits angiotensin I converting enzyme
prolylvalineVal-Pro : A dipeptide formed from L-valine and L-proline residues.dipeptidemetabolite
cgs 35066CGS 35066: an endothelin-converting enzyme-1 inhibitor; structure in first source
nicotianamine(S,S,S)-nicotianamine : The (S,S,S)-stereoisomer of nicotianamine.

nicotianamine: an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor from soy sauce
amino acid zwitterion;
nicotianamine
chelator;
EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor;
plant metabolite
3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone
s 3304S 3304: structure in first source
grassystatin agrassystatin A: isolated from a cyanobacterium, identified as Lyngbya cf.; structure in first source
lalistat 2
novobiocinnovobiocin : A coumarin-derived antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces niveus.

Novobiocin: An antibiotic compound derived from Streptomyces niveus. It has a chemical structure similar to coumarin. Novobiocin binds to DNA gyrase, and blocks adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p189)
carbamate ester;
ether;
hexoside;
hydroxycoumarin;
monocarboxylic acid amide;
monosaccharide derivative;
phenols
antibacterial agent;
antimicrobial agent;
EC 5.99.1.3 [DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)] inhibitor;
Escherichia coli metabolite;
hepatoprotective agent