Target type: molecularfunction
Catalysis of the reaction: 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n) + phosphate = 1,4-alpha-D-glucosyl(n-1) + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate. The name should be qualified in each instance by adding the name of the natural substrate, e.g. maltodextrin phosphorylase, starch phosphorylase, glycogen phosphorylase. [EC:2.4.1.1]
1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity catalyzes the reversible phosphorolysis of alpha-1,4-glucans, such as starch and glycogen, to release glucose-1-phosphate. This reaction is essential for glucose mobilization from storage polysaccharides. The enzyme utilizes inorganic phosphate (Pi) to cleave the alpha-1,4-glycosidic bonds at the non-reducing end of the glucan chain. The reaction proceeds through a two-step mechanism: first, the enzyme binds to the substrate glucan and Pi, forming a complex. Then, the enzyme cleaves the glycosidic bond, releasing glucose-1-phosphate and leaving the glucan chain one glucose unit shorter. This reaction is reversible, meaning that the enzyme can also catalyze the synthesis of glycogen or starch from glucose-1-phosphate. The direction of the reaction is determined by the relative concentrations of the substrates and products. In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, 1,4-alpha-oligoglucan phosphorylase activity also plays a role in other cellular processes, such as the regulation of glycogen synthesis and degradation, and the control of gene expression.'
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| Protein | Definition | Taxonomy |
|---|---|---|
| Thymidine phosphorylase | A thymidine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of Escherichia coli K-12. [OMA:P07650, PRO:DNx] | Escherichia coli K-12 |
| S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase | An S-methyl-5-thioadenosine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:Q13126] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Thymidine phosphorylase | A thymidine phosphorylase that is encoded in the genome of human. [PRO:DNx, UniProtKB:P19971] | Homo sapiens (human) |
| Compound | Definition | Classes | Roles |
|---|---|---|---|
| thymidine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; metabolite; mouse metabolite | |
| floxuridine | floxuridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-fluorouracil as the nucleobase; used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. Floxuridine: An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract. | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; radiosensitizing agent |
| idoxuridine | organoiodine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antiviral drug; DNA synthesis inhibitor | |
| bromodeoxyuridine | Bromodeoxyuridine: A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors. | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent |
| trifluridine | trifluridine : A pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having 5-trifluoromethyluracil as the nucleobase. An antiviral drug used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis. Trifluridine: An antiviral derivative of THYMIDINE used mainly in the treatment of primary keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis due to HERPES SIMPLEX virus. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p557) | nucleoside analogue; organofluorine compound; pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | antimetabolite; antineoplastic agent; antiviral drug; EC 2.1.1.45 (thymidylate synthase) inhibitor |
| deoxyuridine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite | |
| captopril | captopril : A L-proline derivative in which L-proline is substituted on nitrogen with a (2S)-2-methyl-3-sulfanylpropanoyl group. It is used as an anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitor drug. Captopril: A potent and specific inhibitor of PEPTIDYL-DIPEPTIDASE A. It blocks the conversion of ANGIOTENSIN I to ANGIOTENSIN II, a vasoconstrictor and important regulator of arterial blood pressure. Captopril acts to suppress the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM and inhibits pressure responses to exogenous angiotensin. | alkanethiol; L-proline derivative; N-acylpyrrolidine; pyrrolidinemonocarboxylic acid | antihypertensive agent; EC 3.4.15.1 (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) inhibitor |
| 2',3'-dideoxythymidine | |||
| 6-aminothymine | 6-aminothymine: inhibits degradation of nucleosides (idoxuridine, thymidine) & pyrimidine bases | ||
| 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| 5-(2-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| edoxudin | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | ||
| 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone | 3-cyano-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pyridone: structure in first source | ||
| 6-amino-5-bromouracil | |||
| 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine | pyrimidine 2'-deoxyribonucleoside | ||
| 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine: structure given in first source | ||
| 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine | 2,6-dihydroxy-3-cyanopyridine: inhibitor of 5-fluorouracil degradation | ||
| 5'-deoxy-5'-s-isobutylthioadenosine | 5'-deoxy-5'-S-isobutylthioadenosine: considered an analog of S-adenosylhomocysteine; structure | ||
| 5-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine | |||
| 5'-methylthioadenosine | 5'-methylthioadenosine: structure 5'-S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine : Adenosine with the hydroxy group at C-5' substituted with a methylthio (methylsulfanyl) group. | thioadenosine | algal metabolite; Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite; Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite |
| 5'-deoxyadenosine | 5'-deoxyadenosine : A 5'-deoxyribonucleoside compound having adenosine as the nucleobase. 5'-deoxyadenosine: main heading DEOXYADENOSINE refers to the 3' cpd | 5'-deoxyribonucleoside; adenosines | Escherichia coli metabolite; human metabolite; mouse metabolite |
| 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-cyano-2'-deoxyuridine: structure in first source | ||
| methylthio-dadme-immucillin-a | |||
| 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol | 5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol: structure in first source | ||
| ma-1 | tipiracil : A member of the class of pyrimidones that is uracil substituted by chloro and (2-iminopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl groups at positions 5 and 6 respectively. Used (as the hydrochloride salt) in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer. tipiracil: inhibits thymidine phosphorylase | carboxamidine; organochlorine compound; pyrimidone; pyrrolidines | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| 5-(1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine | 5-(1-propenyl)-2'-deoxyuridine: has anti-herpes activity; structure in first source | ||
| 5-chloro-6-(1-(2-iminopyrrolidinyl) methyl)uracil hydrochloride | tipiracil hydrochloride : A hydrochloride obtained by combining tipiracil with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Used in combination with trifluridine, a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor, for treatment of advanced/relapsed unresectable colorectal cancer. | hydrochloride; iminium salt | antineoplastic agent; EC 2.4.2.4 (thymidine phosphorylase) inhibitor |
| sesone | 7-deazaxanthine: structure in first source | ||
| 5'-o-tritylinosine | 5'-O-tritylinosine: structure in first source |