Page last updated: 2024-09-27

Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic

An autosomal dominant familial disorder which presents in infancy or childhood and is characterized by episodes of weakness associated with hyperkalemia. During attacks, muscles of the lower extremities are initially affected, followed by the lower trunk and arms. Episodes last from 15-60 minutes and typically occur after a period of rest following exercise. A defect in skeletal muscle sodium channels has been identified as the cause of this condition. Normokalemic periodic paralysis is a closely related disorder marked by a lack of alterations in potassium levels during attacks of weakness. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1481)

Synonyms(1)

Synonym
Paralysis, Hyperkalemic Periodic

Research

Studies (52)

TimeframeStudies, This Condition (%)All Conditions %
pre-199015 (28.85)23.3326
1990's2 (3.85)12.5806
2000's19 (36.54)18.1394
2010's11 (21.15)28.8240
2020's5 (9.62)9.53
DrugIndicatedRelationship StrengthStudiesTrials
chlorine0low10
hydrogen carbonate0low20
iodine0low10
phenytoin0low10
acetazolamide0medium111
albuterol0low20
amiodarone0low20
carbamazepine0low10
chlorothiazide0low10
amphetamine0low10
hydrochlorothiazide0low30
imipramine0low20
isoflurane0low10
mexiletine0low20
pinacidil0low10
potassium chloride0low40
dextroamphetamine0low10
spironolactone0low10
aldosterone0low20
glutamine0low10
arginine0low20
thiophenes0medium11
calcium gluconate0low20
copper gluconate0low10
potassium citrate0low10
n 0437, (-)-isomer0medium11
monensin0low10
capsaicin0low10
17-ketosteroids0low10
sulfur0low10
cysteine0low10
tetrodotoxin0low10
vendex0low10

Protein Targets (526)

ProteinPotency MeasurementsInhibition MeasurementsActivation MeasurementsDrugs
Chain A, TYROSYL-DNA PHOSPHODIESTERASE2002
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE II0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Carbonic Anhydrase Ii0011
Chain A, Beta-lactamase4004
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Endochitinase0101
Chain A, Class Iii Chitinase Chia10101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 130101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase II0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain B, Carbonic anhydrase0101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Carbonic anhydrase 0002
Carbonic anhydrase 0303
thioredoxin reductase6006
GALC protein1001
GLI family zinc finger 37007
nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 36006
cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A polypeptide 42002
glucocorticoid receptor [Homo sapiens]8008
retinoic acid nuclear receptor alpha variant 1120012
retinoid X nuclear receptor alpha5005
estrogen-related nuclear receptor alpha110011
Carbonic anhydrase 0303
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
arylsulfatase A6006
Carbonic anhydrase0202
euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2110011
Bloom syndrome protein isoform 15005
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform a7007
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 18008
geminin9009
peripheral myelin protein 228008
survival motor neuron protein isoform d4004
muscleblind-like protein 1 isoform 11001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi4206
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 30707
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 40707
Carbonic anhydrase0202
Solute carrier family 22 member 60202
Carbonic anhydrase 120418
Prolyl endopeptidase0202
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 110102
Bile salt export pump010010
Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form0202
Renin0202
Carbonic anhydrase 108115
Carbonic anhydrase 209115
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Cytochrome P450 1A20203
Carbonic anhydrase 30418
Cathepsin B0101
Cytochrome P450 3A40204
Steryl-sulfatase0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0527
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 5-lipoxygenase0202
Cytochrome P450 2C80202
Cytochrome P450 2D60202
Cytochrome P450 2A60202
Cytochrome P450 2C9 0707
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0527
Androgen receptor0607
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-14206
Translocator protein0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta4206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-24206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-54206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-34206
Cannabinoid receptor 10202
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein0101
Cytochrome P450 2B60112
Carbonic anhydrase 407110
Carbonic anhydrase 60417
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-14206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-24206
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0202
Adenosine receptor A10101
Serum paraoxonase/arylesterase 10101
Dipeptidyl peptidase 40002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-44206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-34206
Endochitinase0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-64206
Adenosine receptor A2a0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0527
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0415
Delta-type opioid receptor0303
Cytochrome P450 2C190304
Delta-type opioid receptor0314
Mu-type opioid receptor0303
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial0519
Carbonic anhydrase0404
Kappa-type opioid receptor0101
Carbonic anhydrase 70417
Carbonic anhydrase0101
D(1A) dopamine receptor2103
Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 10101
Carbonic anhydrase0202
D(2) dopamine receptor0213
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-14206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-34206
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-24206
Cholinesterase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Mu-type opioid receptor0303
Fatty-acid amide hydrolase 10101
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 10202
Carbonic anhydrase 20202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B0202
Squalene synthase0101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Carbonic anhydrase 906110
Carbonic anhydrase0101
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family 0303
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Carbonic anhydrase 30101
Carbonic anhydrase0203
Carbonic anhydrase0203
Carbonic anhydrase 0303
Sigma intracellular receptor 20202
Delta carbonic anhydrase0303
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
Renin0101
Carbonic anhydrase 0202
Endochitinase A10101
Multidrug resistance-associated protein 10101
Carbonic anhydrase 130315
GABA theta subunit4206
Canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 10707
Carbonic anhydrase 40404
Carbonic anhydrase 150405
Acidic mammalian chitinase0101
Carbonic anhydrase 130406
Carbonic anhydrase 70101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon4206
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 140418
Carbonic anhydrase 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A 0101
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial0418
glp-1 receptor, partial3003
GLS protein7007
regulator of G-protein signaling 44004
estrogen nuclear receptor alpha120012
NPYLR7B0011
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor3003
flap endonuclease 15005
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0224
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor0224
60 kDa chaperonin0101
60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Beta-3 adrenergic receptor0213
10 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial0101
Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 0013
60 kDa chaperonin 0101
10 kDa chaperonin 0101
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor0224
ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase9009
AR protein100010
nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform 23003
Sex hormone-binding globulin0011
Corticosteroid-binding globulin0101
Mineralocorticoid receptor 0326
Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A10001
Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G2002
acetylcholinesterase6006
phosphopantetheinyl transferase4004
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha subunit3003
RAR-related orphan receptor gamma7007
SMAD family member 22002
ATAD5 protein, partial2002
Fumarate hydratase1001
USP1 protein, partial6006
NFKB1 protein, partial3003
PPM1D protein1001
SMAD family member 32002
TDP1 protein8008
Thrombopoietin1001
caspase 7, apoptosis-related cysteine protease1001
aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A15005
hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor)1001
thyroid stimulating hormone receptor4004
estrogen receptor 2 (ER beta)4004
progesterone receptor5005
EWS/FLI fusion protein3003
farnesoid X nuclear receptor2002
pregnane X nuclear receptor6006
G5005
cytochrome P450 2D64004
polyprotein1001
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta3003
peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma6006
caspase-31001
v-jun sarcoma virus 17 oncogene homolog (avian)5005
Histone H2A.x2002
cytochrome P450 2D6 isoform 12002
cellular tumor antigen p53 isoform a1001
cytochrome P450 2C9 precursor4004
D(1A) dopamine receptor3003
chromobox protein homolog 17007
potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 isoform d3003
thyroid hormone receptor beta isoform 25005
heat shock protein beta-11001
huntingtin isoform 21001
mitogen-activated protein kinase 13003
serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform 12002
peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase NIMA-interacting 13003
urokinase-type plasminogen activator precursor1001
plasminogen precursor1001
urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor precursor1001
nuclear receptor ROR-gamma isoform 13003
cytochrome P450 3A4 isoform 14004
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M15005
lethal factor (plasmid)2002
lamin isoform A-delta109009
Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15B2002
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0303
Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A40101
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 40202
Lysine-specific demethylase PHF20101
Interferon beta5005
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain 5005
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0101
Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-20101
Cellular tumor antigen p536006
Integrin beta-31001
Tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn0101
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M20202
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M40202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10314
Integrin alpha-IIb1001
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50202
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Adenosine receptor A30202
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha0101
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M10202
D(2) dopamine receptor0516
Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor0404
Lethal factor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Thyroid hormone receptor beta0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M30202
ATP-dependent translocase ABCB10101
Substance-K receptor0202
D(1A) dopamine receptor0213
D(4) dopamine receptor0303
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter 0617
Histamine H2 receptor0202
Endothelin-1 receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A0404
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C0303
Lysine-specific demethylase 5A0101
B2 bradykinin receptor0202
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0617
Melanocortin receptor 40202
C-8 sterol isomerase0101
Melanocortin receptor 50202
Mu-type opioid receptor0202
D(3) dopamine receptor0303
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0404
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha0507
Squalene synthase0101
Delta-type opioid receptor0202
Kappa-type opioid receptor0202
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B0404
C-C chemokine receptor type 20202
Melanocortin receptor 30202
Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor0404
Histamine H2 receptor5106
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60303
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform0101
C-C chemokine receptor type 40202
Spike glycoprotein8008
Sodium channel protein type 7 subunit alpha0303
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D 0404
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter 0516
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 20505
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S0404
Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C0404
Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha0404
Squalene monooxygenase0101
3-beta-hydroxysteroid-Delta(8),Delta(7)-isomerase0101
Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha0808
Lysine-specific demethylase 7A0101
Carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform0101
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 15005
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0404
Ataxin-23003
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10202
NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial0011
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0404
Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha0303
Histone lysine demethylase PHF80101
Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha0303
Sodium channel protein type 10 subunit alpha0303
cytochrome P450 2C9, partial5005
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase0303
Substance-P receptor0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0325
Cytochrome P450 2A50101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0213
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B0224
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D0224
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1F0224
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 60123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7 0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5B0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 0123
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3B0123
Sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 10213
Chain A, MAJOR APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC ENDONUCLEASE5005
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
Chain E, LYSINE, ARGININE, ORNITHINE-BINDING PROTEIN0011
alpha-galactosidase2002
cytochrome P450 2C19 precursor1001
DNA polymerase iota isoform a (long)2002
Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial0002
Nitric oxide synthase, brain0001
Nitric oxide synthase, brain 0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0001
Nitric oxide synthase, inducible0013
Cationic amino acid transporter 30101
Chain A, HADH2 protein1001
Chain B, HADH2 protein1001
15-lipoxygenase, partial2002
Microtubule-associated protein tau3003
67.9K protein2002
glucocerebrosidase1001
vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor4004
cytochrome P450, family 19, subfamily A, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a7007
transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 11001
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10213
Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A0101
Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit5005
NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 10101
Glutamate receptor 25005
Cannabinoid receptor 10101
Acetylcholinesterase0101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
Cannabinoid receptor 2 0101
Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma1001
Inositol monophosphatase 12002
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 10101
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 20101
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 10214
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 40011
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 20011
IDH12002
Vpr3003
Bile salt export pump0202
Albumin0011
Major prion protein0022
Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha0202
Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha0303
Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B70001
Cytochrome P450 2J20404
Frizzled-80011
P2X purinoceptor 40101
nonstructural protein 11001
transcriptional regulator ERG isoform 32002
ORF730011
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B0101
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Trace amine-associated receptor 10011
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
Chain A, Carbonic anhydrase 20101
cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 70001
Chain A, Glutamine Binding Protein0011
peripheral myelin protein 22 isoform 14004
histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2A isoform 2 precursor1001
Neutral amino acid transporter A0101
Asc-type amino acid transporter 10101
Neutral amino acid transporter B(0)0101
Carbonic anhydrase-like protein, putative0001
Amino acid transporter0101
Hsf1 protein0011
Albumin0101
Snq2p0001
activating transcription factor 63003
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 1 (p105), isoform CRA_a4004
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 2 precursor1001
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Solute carrier family 22 member 1 0101
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 30101
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 10101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A0101
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M50101
Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase0101
D0101
D(3) dopamine receptor0101
Alpha-2B adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-2C adrenergic receptor0202
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A40001
Alpha-2A adrenergic receptor0202
Alpha-1D adrenergic receptor0202
D(1B) dopamine receptor0101
D(4) dopamine receptor0101
Histamine H1 receptor0101
Pleiotropic ABC efflux transporter of multiple drugs0102
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C 0101
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
Histamine H1 receptor0202
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 0101
UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A30001
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 70101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A 0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C0101
Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B0101
Envelope glycoprotein0011
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter0101
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter0101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D0101
Solute carrier family 22 member 10101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B0101
Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 10202
Solute carrier family 22 member 20101
Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A0101
Transporter0202
Luciferase1001
aryl hydrocarbon receptor2002
histone deacetylase 9 isoform 31001
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-20101
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-70101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 30101
Potassium channel subfamily K member 20101
D(2) dopamine receptor0101
D0101
Chain A, Putative fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase1001
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 0101
endonuclease IV1001
atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 1 precursor1001
parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor precursor2002
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Dihydrofolate reductase 0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-20101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-60101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-50101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-30101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-40101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-10101
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta0101
M-phase phosphoprotein 81001
neuropeptide S receptor isoform A1001
ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 90011
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 41001
Taste receptor type 2 member 310011
Taste receptor type 2 member 600011
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 40112
Taste receptor type 2 member 140011
Taste receptor type 2 member 130011
Taste receptor type 2 member 90011
Taste receptor type 2 member 40011
Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 20112
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
Chain A, Mineralocorticoid receptor0101
pregnane X receptor1001
Smad31001
Estrogen receptor0213
Glucocorticoid receptor0213
Progesterone receptor0213
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-10202
Androgen receptor0213
Glycine receptor subunit beta0202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-20202
Glycine receptor subunit alpha-30202
Estrogen receptor beta0112
ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 51001
vitamin D3 receptor isoform VDRA1001
DNA polymerase kappa isoform 11001
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]